Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to clinically evaluate S-6437, the following study was carried out in pediatric patients. This clinical study was performed in 30 patients ranging from 2 years and one month to 10 years and one month of age. Seven patients had scarlet fever, 3 acute pharyngitis, 4 acute suppurative tonsillitis, 6 acute bronchitis, 2 acute pneumonia, 3 acute pyelonephritis, 1 chronic pyelonephritis, 2 vaginitis, 1 acute gastro-enteritis, and 1 impetigo. The degree of these diseases were all mild or moderate. These patients were orally administered 35 approximately 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 3 approximately 10 days. As a result, effectiveness of this preparation in these patients was 80% and no side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Study of S-6437 (sustained release cephalexin) in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 91 92

The results of the analysis of the cell-mediated and humoral factors of the peripheral blood and cervical mucus in pregnant women with urogenital infections (pyelonephritis, colpitis, cervicitis, endocervicitis) and in healthy pregnant women are presented. These results indicate that considerable changes in the systemic immunity of the body and in the local antiinfectious protection of the reproductive tract develop in pregnant women with urogenital infections. The prescription of bifidumbacterin and lactobacterin to the patients during pregnancy (intravaginally) and bemitil after parturition (orally) completely restores the functional validity of their immune system and decreases the number of postnatal complications.
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PMID:[The immunocorrective properties of bacterial preparations (lactobacterin, bifidumbacterin) and bemitil in pregnant women with a urogenital infection]. 188 11

In a coordinated, double-blind multi-centre trial, adults with symptoms of acute pyelonephritis were randomly assigned to receive a two-week course of oral treatment with either 400 mg norfloxacin twice daily or 1 g cefadroxil twice daily. Of 197 patients enrolled in the study, 140 could be evaluated for drug efficacy and 193 for drug safety. Norfloxacin gave a significantly higher bacteriological cure rate than cefadroxil, both at 3 to 10 days (98% versus 65%; p less than 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference in proportions 21-46%) and up to eight weeks (87% versus 48%; p less than 0.0001; 95% CI 25-54%) after cessation of treatment. The differences between the two regimens were most pronounced in men and in patients with complicating factors such as diabetes mellitus and urinary tract abnormalities. The clinical response during treatment did not differ between the two groups, but symptomatic recurrences at follow-up were more common in the cefadroxil group (28% versus 3%; p less than 0.0001; 95% CI 14-36%). Adverse events were more often reported by patients receiving cefadroxil (39% versus 22%; p = 0.011; 95% CI 4-30%) and consisted mainly of gastrointestinal disturbances and vulvo-vaginitis. In terms of bacteriological and clinical efficacy and safety, a two-week course of norfloxacin was superior to a two-week course of cefadroxil for oral treatment of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Randomised double-blind study of norfloxacin and cefadroxil in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. 219 91

From 1980 to 1988 235 koalas were necropsied and 67 were found to have urinary tract disease. Six affected koalas out of 48 were derived from wildlife parks around Sydney while 61 of 187 were derived from free living populations on the central and north coasts of New South Wales. Sixteen had cystitis alone, 5 had cystitis and associated renal disease only, 16 females had cystitis with genital disease, 23 had urinary disease in combination with other systemic disease and 7 had renal disease only. Overall 49 animals had cystitis (30 females and 19 males; 47 being free living) with 12 of these having renal extension (all free living). Cystitis tended to be active but chronic while associated renal disease was mainly designated as hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. Other forms of renal disease included lymphosarcoma, oxalate nephrosis, acute and chronic nephritis, and microabscessation related to septicaemia. Female genital disease associated with cystitis was commonly vaginitis and metritis. Paraovarian cysts were detected with and without metritis. Other diseases occurring with urinary tract disease included conjunctivitis, dermatitis/stomatitis, pneumonia and hepatic disease. The higher prevalence of urinary tract disease in free living koalas, especially cystitis, is in contrast to captive koalas and may reflect the interaction between disease cause and habitat.
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PMID:A survey of urinary tract disease in New South Wales koalas. 273 Apr 73

The Chlamydozoan population was identified in 43.6 per cent of 110 females with a history of habitual abortion. It was found that the infection was more frequent in females aged under 30 years, in those who was born preterm, in patients with early (premarital) sexual contacts or those with spontaneously stopped pregnancy during the first trimester, as well as in those females who suffered from cervicitis, yeast colpitis, pyelonephritis or had post-inflammatory changes of placental tissue. Higher incidence of cervicitis, cervical erosion, yeast colpitis, salpingo--oophoritis and pyelonephritis was documented in females infected with Chlamydozoa.
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PMID:[Urogenital chlamydia infection in women with habitual abortion]. 277 73

The traditional criterion of 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter of urine to diagnose urinary tract infection was based on studies of pregnant and nonpregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria or acute pyelonephritis. Recent studies of symptomatic women revealed that urine cultures in approximately one third of those with confirmed urinary tract infections grew only 10(2) to 10(4) CFU/mL. The major causes of acute dysuria among such women are urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted disease, and vaginitis. In most instances, it is possible to make the diagnosis based on clinical features. The major features of urinary tract infection are internal dysuria; frequency, urgency, and voiding of small volumes; abrupt onset; suprapubic pain; presence of pyuria. Presence of hematuria which occurs in about 50 percent of patients strongly suggests bacterial cystitis. Three to seven days of empiric antimicrobial therapy is indicated for these patients, with selection of a first-line antimicrobial agent that offers efficacy against Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus saprophyticus; reasonable cost; few side effects. Ampicillin is not recommended. Indications for culture include uncertain clinical features; history of previous infection within the past three weeks; duration of symptoms of more than seven days; recent hospitalization or catheterization; pregnancy; diabetes. To maximize the sensitivity and specificity of the urine culture in acutely symptomatic women, it is necessary to request the laboratory to report 10(2) to 10(4) CFU/mL.
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PMID:Protocol for diagnosis of urinary tract infection: reconsidering the criterion for significant bacteriuria. 304 81

In caring for women with acute dysuria, clinicians traditionally have relied on clinical findings to distinguish between acute pyelonephritis and "cystitis"; they have ordered urinalysis and urine culture regularly for patients with suspected acute pyelonephritis and ordered these tests inconsistently for patients with suspected "cystitis." Recent evidence indicates that "cystitis" may actually be any of six different clinical conditions, each of which is managed differently; subclinical pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract bacterial infection, chlamydial urethritis, other forms of urethritis, vaginitis, or dysuria without any urinary tract or vaginal infection. The distinction between these entities is made primarily from clinical findings. Urinalysis is also of great value in symptomatic patients; the presence of pyuria (and possibly indirect quantitation of pyuria by the leukocyte esterase test) is a reliable indicator of treatable infection, and its absence indicates infection is not present. In contrast, urine culture is of clear value only in patients with acute pyelonephritis or subclinical pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Urinalysis and urine culture in women with dysuria. 351 13

Diabetic patients are said to be prone to infections. Several studies of different host defense mechanisms report defects in individual granulocyte functions and cell mediated immunity, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Diabetic females have an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections. This high susceptibility is probably due to local risk factors such as diabetic cystopathy and vaginitis, the latter being frequently associated with glucosuria. Urinary tract infections in diabetic individuals often have a complicated course which may be explained by the aforementioned compromised host defense mechanisms. Diabetics have an increased risk not only of lower, but also of upper urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections such as emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis, as well as papillary necrosis as a complication of pyelonephritis, are not uncommon in diabetic patients. Rapid recognition and management of such complicated urinary tract infections is important.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infection in the diabetic patient]. 637 86

Six months after an attack of pyelonephritis, adnexitis and candida colpitis an 18-year-old girl developed some clouding of consciousness. On neurological examination she showed organic behavioural changes, discrete anisocoria and possible meningism. Computed tomography revealed hydrocephalus and signs of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. CSF contained 2336/3 cells, while total protein was raised to 7.0 g/l and lactate concentration to 6.85 mmol/l. Glucose concentration in CSF was 51 mg/dl and 75 mg/dl in serum. As tuberculous meningitis was suspected, treatment was started with four tuberculostatic drugs, but there was no improvement. Five weeks later microscopic CSF examination showed fungal spores and nonbranching hyphae. The maximal candida haemagglutination titre in CSF was 1:2048. CSF culture grew Candida albicans. The further course was complicated by side effects to the antimycotic drugs (amphotericin B between 4.5 and 45 mg daily; flucytosine 1.7 g four times daily) and recurrent obstruction in the ventricular system requiring repeated neurosurgical interventions. However, full cure was achieved after seven months' hospital treatment.
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PMID:[Unusual course of candidiasis of the central nervous system]. 828 77

Bacterial cystitis is the most common bacterial infection occurring in women. Thirty percent of women will experience at least one episode of cystitis during their lifetime. About one third of patients presenting with symptoms of cystitis have upper urinary tract infection. A careful history to identify risk factors for subclinical pyelonephritis is important. Symptoms of chronic cystitis accompanied by sterile urine without pyuria may represent interstitial cystitis. Dysuria may also be the principal complaint of women with vaginitis (infectious, atrophic or chemical) or urethritis. A stepwise diagnostic approach, accompanied by inexpensive office laboratory testing, is usually sufficient to determine the cause of dysuria.
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PMID:The women with dysuria. 960 6


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