Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

R-R variations in the ECG were studied as a sign of autonomic dysfunction in 44 non-diabetic patients with terminal uraemia treated with intermittent haemodialysis. A severe impairment of this parasympathetic vagal reflex was found though there were only mild signs of diffuse polyneuropathy. No acute effect was associated with haemodialysis. There was no correlation between either the R-R variations and the polyneuropathy-index or the total dialysis time. Patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and polycystic kidney disease were equally affected.
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PMID:Autonomic dysfunction in non-diabetic terminal uraemia. 400 36

On the assumption that increased urinary lysozyme concentration (;lysozymuria') indicates tubular proteinuria and therefore impaired tubular function, urinary lysozyme has been estimated in acute disorders where transient disturbances of renal function might be expected, in cases diagnosed clinically as extrarenal uraemia, and in a few examples of acute renal disease. Reversible lysozymuria occurred with hypokalaemia, postoperative ;collapse', electrolyte depletion, severe extrarenal infection, acute pyelonephritis, the nephrotic syndrome, after a few apparently uncomplicated surgical operations, and very transiently after ventricular fibrillation abolished by DC shock. There was no lysozymuria with severe uraemic heart failure, aspirin and paracetamol poisoning, or severe jaundice, nor in two cases of acute glomerulonephritis. Although lysozymuria may occasionally be useful in the clinical diagnosis of acutely disordered renal function, the results suggest that its value is limited; on the other hand, they have provided information on renal pathophysiology in acute disease.
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PMID:Lysozymuria and acute disorders of renal function. 470 97

Glucose titration studies were performed in rats with unilateral chronic pyelonephritis before and after removal of the contralateral control kidneys. Identical studies were performed in animals with unilateral partial renal infarction in which the experimental kidneys had a marked reduction in nephron population but no anatomic deformation in the surviving nephrons. In the initial studies, both groups of animals were free of clinical and chemical abnormalities of uremia. In the follow-up studies uremic abnormalities were present. Minimal splay was observed in the titration curves in the initial studies; marked splay was present in the group data from the same kidneys in the subsequent studies. Thus a marked reduction in the nephron population was associated with the evolution of splay in both groups of animals. In association with the increase in splay, the mean values for maximal glucose transport increased; thus a defect in glucose transport can be excluded as the basis of the splay. Glomerular filtration rate increased proportionately more than the maximal transport of glucose; hence the ratios of glomerular filtration rate to maximal glucose transport increased consistently. The possibility of asymmetric hypertrophy of glomerular and tubular functions among the nephron population imposed by scar tissue or other anatomic deformities was considered, but the results in the animals with partially infarcted kidneys militate against this explanation. The splay also could reflect an asymmetric alteration in the distribution of glomerulotubular balance among the residual units initiated by functional adaptations. Finally, the splay could relate to an alteration in the kinetics of glucose transport without any change in the level of functional homogeneity. The possible nature of these has been considered in the text.
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PMID:On the mechanism of the splay in the glucose titration curve in advanced experimental renal disease in the rat. 601 56

Autopsies of all uraemic patients in Leningrad for three years, and materials of the City Nephrological Service have demonstrated that the structures of nephrological diseases in their early and terminal stages were different. Chronic glomerulonephritis has been noted in patients with normal renal function just as often as chronic pyelonephritis but the former prevails considerably among the causes of uraemia. The proportion of polycystic kidney disease, amyloidosis, and diabetic nephropathy increases in patients with chronic renal failure. Due to these changes and the difference in the death age of patients with various diseases the majority of patients suitable for treatment with long-term dialysis suffer from chronic glomerulonephritis and only 14.89-20.5% from chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Epidemiology of chronic renal diseases. 622 4

Renal processing of insulin was studied over plasma insulin levels of 5-80 mU/l by renal vein catheterization in 14 patients. Kidneys of patients with a normal GFR removed around 30% of the insulin from arterial plasma. In 6 patients having unilateral renal artery stenosis but only moderately impaired renal blood flow and unchanged PAH-extraction, a higher or unchanged fractional insulin extraction was seen in all but one, compared with the contralateral kidney. Due to the high fractional extraction of insulin by the kidneys with renal artery stenosis, a preserved total insulin uptake by these kidneys was seen. In 4 patients with renal hypoplasia (2 of them had renal artery stenosis) low values for insulin extraction and insulin uptake were seen on the affected side. One patient with chronic pyelonephritis and uremia had an extremely low renal insulin extraction and uptake. The results suggest that estimation of renal insulin extraction may be an important renal functional test in renovascular patients.
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PMID:Renal degradation of insulin in patients with renal hypertension. 634 75

A retrospective study of 410 renal transplant recipients showed that 1.96% (8/410) of patients had developed severe non-typhoid salmonella infections. The clinical features seen were fever, leucopenia, pneumonia, diarrhoea, abscesses, pyelonephritis, venous thrombosis and pleural effusion. Neither uraemia nor repeated high doses of steroids seemed to be major precipitating events. All isolates were strains of Salmonella enteritidis. All 8 patients were cured and none became permanent carriers. Salmonella infections cause severe, life-threatening infections in renal transplant patients and require vigorous treatment often with a long-term low-dose regimen. Patients seemed to respond best to chloramphenicol, but ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were useful in some. Bilateral nephrectomy should be performed before the transplantation if the organism is grown from the urine.
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PMID:Non-typhoid salmonella infections after renal transplantation. A serious clinical problem. 637 4

Although the role of bacterial infection as the major determinant in the development of acute pyelonephritis has been well documented for years, the nature of the renal scarring typical of chronic "atrophic" pyelonephritis has been a matter of controversy for at least three decades. In the past, recurrent bacterial infection of the kidney was thought to be responsible for the pathologic entity of "chronic pyelonephritis." However, more recent studies suggest that recurrent bacteriuria, in the absence of some form of obstructive uropathy, rarely produces chronic pyelonephritis. The close association between vesicoureteral reflex and chronic pyelonephritis has also been firmly established and has been observed to occur frequently in the absence of urinary tract infection. However, the mechanism by which vesicoureteral reflux injures the kidney has not been firmly established. A number of observations have suggested that some normal component of urine, particularly Tamm-Horsfall protein, might serve as an antigenic determinant involved in the immunopathogenesis of renal scarring in vesicoureteral reflux. The present studies were designed to investigate the immunopathogenic role of Tamm-Horsfall protein in a rabbit model of tubulointerstitial nephritis, and in a swine model of reflux nephropathy. The immune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis were also examined, as were the antigenic similarities between Tamm-Horsfall protein and protein-containing components of uropathic bacteria. The results of these studies indicate that autoimmune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein may occur after exposure to Tamm-Horsfall protein by intravenous challenge in rabbits, and by urinary reflux in pigs, as well as in recurrent nephrolithiasis in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uremia Invest
PMID:Autoimmune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis. 654 94

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is responsible for 105 (1.16%) of all 9015 necropcies in a multi-specialized hospital but it occupies the third place after chronic pyelonephritis and diabetic glomerulosclerosis 9.20 per cent. In 91.4 per cent of the deceased of CGN arterial hypertension (AH) had been concomitant, with an average duration, according to anamnestic data, 6.28 years with a mainly light and moderate hypertrophy of left ventricle. Those that died of CGN without AH lived 9.20 years, on the average, wore than those with hypertension. In about 30 per cent of CGN with AH, the hypertension contributed to the lethal end prior to the terminal uremia--from cardiac insufficiency--25 per cent and cerebrovascular stroke 4.16 per cent. The significantly poorer atherogenesis in aorta and coronary and cerebral arteries is worth mentioning in case of CGN with hypertension as compared with the essential hypertension. (The deceased examined were not dialyzed). That atherogenesis is even poorer than hypertension of chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Incidence of chronic glomerulonephritis and its hypertonic terminal-stage syndrome and the severity of the cardiovascular changes among 9015 autopsied patients over 14]. 663 5

The problems and interactions of urolithiasis and monorenality are presented in a survey covering four essential parameters: --Urolithiasis as an indication for nephrectomy: One nephrectomy in four is performed because of urolithiasis. This rate of nephrectomy has not changed in the last 50 years. --Recidive urolithiasis in the residual kidney: Around 37% of all monorenal persons have a diseased single or residual kidney. On average one in four cases of residual kidney disease is caused by urolithiasis. This recidive calculus quota has also not significantly changed in recent decades. --Lethality of operations on the residual kidney: Urolithiasis is becoming almost the only indication for operating on a residual kidney; due to postrenal anuria, uraemia and urosepsis a large percentage of such operations are emergency operations under extremely unfavourable initial conditions. Despite the use of modern methods of medical treatment the lethality rate is for this reason still relatively high (7-15%). --Life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis: The life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis is clearly limited due to further complications (chronic pyelonephritis, hypertonia, urinary stasis and uraemia). It is therefore absolutely necessary for monorenal persons with urolithiasis to have intensive observation and urological treatment.
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PMID:[Urinary calculi and the single kidney]. 663 73

The case records of 327 patients who underwent bone biopsy in late or terminal renal failure, before any form of dialysis or transplantation, were examined for clues to the aetiology of renal osteomalacia and its manifestations. Fifty four per cent of the biopsies showed pure osteitis fibrosa, 34 per cent osteomalacia with osteitis fibrosa and 12 per cent showed neither abnormality. Osteomalacia was strongly associated with chronic pyelonephritis and obstructive uropathy as primary renal disease. In two matched groups of 100 each, and within the major primary diseases, it was associated with acidosis, hypocalcaemia and normophosphataemia (as opposed to hyperphosphataemia). There was no association with known length or uraemia and only a weak and inconsistent relationship with severity of uraemia. In the few patients studied, there was no relationship between osteomalacia and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level. In contrast to the state of patients treated by haemodialysis, osteomalacia in this undialysed group was manifested by a higher level of serum alkaline phosphatase than pure osteitis fibrosa, serum iPTH did not differ between the groups, there was no predominance of symptoms in one group, other than proximal myopathy which had a weak association with osteomalacia, and Looser zones were more common than complete fractures. Our study shows that osteomalacia has different manifestations, and probably different causes, before and after the start of haemodialysis. These two stages of renal failure should be clearly distinguished in reports of renal bone disease.
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PMID:Osteomalacia in patients with chronic renal failure before dialysis or transplantation. 664 48


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