Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the clinical efficiency and safety of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, for the treatment of various documented bacterial infections in 26 patients (10 females, 16 males) aged 17 to 84 years. Ofloxacin monotherapy was given orally in a dose of 200 mg twice (25) or three times (1) a day. Antibiotic levels and serum bactericidal activity were measured using a microbiological method on the second and sixth days, before and 2 and 6 hours after a single dose. The infectious episode treated was enterocolitis in 7 cases (5 Shigella, 2 Salmonella), Salmonella septicemia in 9 (7 typhoid fevers and 2 Salmonella minor infections), chronic osteoarthritis in 3 (1 E. coli, 2 S. aureus + P. aeruginosa), a soft tissue infection in 3 (2 S. aureus, 1 E. coli), acute pleuropneumonia in 2 (2 Klebsiella pneumoniae), pyelonephritis with bacteremia in 1 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and pneumococcal pneumonia with septicemia in 1. Mean duration of therapy was ten days for 23 patients (range 7 to 30 days). The three patients with osteoarthritis were treated for 35, 95 and 270 days respectively. 24 patients recovered free of sequelae or germ carriage. Treatment failed in 1 case of chronic osteitis (S. aureus + P. aeruginosa) and in 1 staphylococcal soft tissue infection. No adverse reactions were observed except a slight increase in transaminases in 3 patients. Peak and through serum ofloxacin levels were 3.70 micrograms/ml and 0.95 micrograms/ml respectively on the second day and 3.25 micrograms/ml and 0.80 microgram/ml respectively on the sixth day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of the use of ofloxacin in the treatment of various infections]. 353 24

Blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro by 7 different microbial preparations, and thymidine incorporation was investigated in 7 groups of persons sensitized to the microorganisms and in 7 groups of controls. The sensitized persons were: 18 BCG-vaccinated, 13 with previous Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, 22 who had serum antibodies to Herpes simplex virus, 14 with previous typhoid fever, 13 with previous acute pyelonephritis caused by Eschrerichia coli, 6 with previous Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and 15 tetanus-vaccinated persons. Employing microbial preparations corresponding to the type of sensitization, higher responses were obtained with PPD, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Herpes simplex virus, Salmonella typhi and tetanus toxoid in sensitized than in controls, but the responses to E. coli and H. influenzae were similar. In each experiment a dose titration of the microbial preparation was carried out. The best separation between sensitized and non-sensitized persons was obtained at low concentrations, giving submaximal stimulation. It is concluded that lymphocyte responses to many microbial preparations are combined of antigen-specific components and of responses to cross-reacting or polyclonally activating moieties, and that the antigen-specific response is best investigated at low concentrations of these preparations.
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PMID:Specificity of lymphocyte stimulation in vitro by microbial preparations: importance of antigen concentration. 617 67

A retrospective study of 410 renal transplant recipients showed that 1.96% (8/410) of patients had developed severe non-typhoid salmonella infections. The clinical features seen were fever, leucopenia, pneumonia, diarrhoea, abscesses, pyelonephritis, venous thrombosis and pleural effusion. Neither uraemia nor repeated high doses of steroids seemed to be major precipitating events. All isolates were strains of Salmonella enteritidis. All 8 patients were cured and none became permanent carriers. Salmonella infections cause severe, life-threatening infections in renal transplant patients and require vigorous treatment often with a long-term low-dose regimen. Patients seemed to respond best to chloramphenicol, but ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were useful in some. Bilateral nephrectomy should be performed before the transplantation if the organism is grown from the urine.
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PMID:Non-typhoid salmonella infections after renal transplantation. A serious clinical problem. 637 4

A survey is given on infection-conditioned bacterial diseases in internal medicine. Important for practice is the classification of the infectious diseases in such with high and slight contagiousness as well as in infection-conditioned diseases with special affection of organs, the symptoms of which coin the further course. Furthermore is referred to the differentiation of specific infectious diseases with clear reference to a definite causative organism and of unspecific infectious diseases which in the majority represent themselves as polyetiologic syndromes with uniform clinical pictures. More discussed are the infectious hospitalism, the salmonellial enteritis, the yersinioses, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacterial dysentery, scarlet fever, diphtheria, meningitis, brucelloses, leptospiroses, listerioses, pneumonias, bronchitis, obstructive diseases of the respiratory tract as well as pyelonephritis and bacterial carditis.
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PMID:[Bacterial diseases in internal medicine caused by infection]. 740 99

The fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent fleroxacin has a broad spectrum of in vitro activity which encompasses most Gram-negative species (particularly Enterobacteriaceae) and a number of Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-sensitive staphylococci. It is available as oral and intravenous formulations. In clinical trials, fleroxacin has been evaluated in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (single or multiple once-daily oral doses of 200 or 400mg), gonorrhoea and chancroid (single oral doses of 200 or 400mg), complicated urinary tract, nonpneumococcal lower respiratory tract and skin and soft tissue infections and typhoid fever (multiple once-daily oral or intravenous regimens, usually 400 mg/day), bacterial enteritis, and traveller's diarrhoea (single or multiple once-daily oral doses of 400mg). Bacteriological cure rates were generally around 90% or higher in complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections, uncomplicated gonorrhoea (approximately 100%), pyelonephritis, bacterial enteritis and typhoid fever, and exceeded 80% in lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue infections and chancroid. These cure rates were similar to, or better than, those achieved with standard comparator antibacterial agents such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, or other quinolones. Fleroxacin 400mg once daily also achieved bacteriological cure in approximately 80% of patients with bone and joint infections in preliminary studies. In Japanese studies using a lower dosage of 200 or 300 mg/day, fleroxacin was reported to be bacteriologically effective in a range of infections, including urinary tract and upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Fleroxacin has a relatively long elimination half-life, which allows once-daily administration, and it appears to have less propensity for interactions with other medications in comparison to many other fluoroquinolones. Its tolerability profile is typical of this class of compound, with adverse events mostly relating to the gastrointestinal tract, CNS, and skin and appendages (including phototoxicity). Recent pooled tolerability data from worldwide clinical trials indicate that adverse events are reported by approximately 27% of patients receiving 200 mg/day orally or 400 mg/day orally or intravenously, and 17% of those receiving a single oral dose of 400mg. These exceed incidences reported for established fluoroquinolones, possibly indicating recent trends towards increased rates of reported adverse effects with these agents. However, in direct comparative studies with twice-daily fluoroquinolones, fleroxacin 400mg once daily produced a similar incidence of adverse effects to ofloxacin 800 mg/day and a slightly higher incidence than ciprofloxacin 1000 mg/day, while fleroxacin 200mg once daily produced a similar incidence to norfloxacin 800 mg/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Fleroxacin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in various infections. 760 Oct 15

Headache, nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig's sign, and even convulsions may be observed during severe bacterial infections such as pneumonia, pyelonephritis, typhoid fever, and bacillary dysentery. In such cases, meningitis can be excluded only by documentation of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The authors describe four children with lobar pneumonia in whom the clinical signs of meningeal irritation were associated with a mild increase in the white blood cell count in the CSF (pleocytosis) although there was no other evidence of meningeal infection.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in children with pneumonia but lacking evidence of meningitis. 834 51

Episodes of extraintestinal salmonellosis treated at a general hospital (1,522 beds) over a 6-year period (1991 to 1996) were characterized by the analysis of phenotypic and genotypic traits of Salmonella organisms and clinical data from medical reports. Extraintestinal salmonellosis accounted for 8% of all salmonellosis episodes. Fifty-two medical reports, dealing with 6 cases of typhoid fever, 32 cases of bacteremia, and 14 focal infections, were reviewed. All cases of typhoid fever except 1, 7 cases of bacteremia, and 5 focal infections were not related to any underlying disease or predisposing factors, while 25 cases of bacteremia and 9 focal infections were associated with some of these risk factors. All typhoid isolates and 65.4% of the nontyphoid isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials. Fifty-one nontyphoid strains were analyzed and assigned to 21 genomic groups, which were defined by serotype, combined ribotype, and combined randomly amplified polymorphic DNA type (each genomic group could include organisms differing in some phenotypic traits). The relationships between genomic groups and clinical presentations were traced. Organisms causing 22 episodes (17 episodes of bacteremia, 2 of pneumonia, 1 of peritonitis, 1 of pyelonephritis, and 1 of cystitis) belonged to a prevalent Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis genomic group, which included organisms assigned to four phage types, five biotypes, and four resistance patterns, causing infections in patients with and without risk factors. Seven other genomic groups, 4 Enteritidis groups (associated with both bacteremia and focal infections), 2 Typhimurium groups (one associated with bacteremia and the other with focal infections) and 1 Brandenburg group (associated with bacteremia) included two or more strains, and the remaining 13 genomic groups consisted of only one strain each.
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PMID:Extraintestinal salmonellosis in a general hospital (1991 to 1996): relationships between Salmonella genomic groups and clinical presentations. 977 81

Enteric fever is a common infectious disease of the tropical world, about 80% of these cases occur in Asian countries. Enteric fever presenting with isolated cerebellar ataxia or nephritis is rare. We report three cases of enteric fever that presented with these complications. Isolated cerebellar ataxia usually occurs in the second week, whereas in our cases it presented within first four days of fever. The common complications of enteric fever related to the urinary tract are cystitis, pyelitis, and pyelonephritis. Glomerulonephritis is uncommon. Most patients with enteric glomerulonephritis present with acute renal failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, or nephritic syndrome. In comparison, our case had milder manifestations. All three patients were treated with parenteral ceftriaxone and showed a prompt recovery.
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PMID:Nephritis and cerebellar ataxia: rare presenting features of enteric fever. 1129 67

We report a case of typhoid fever in an 8 years old boy. The child was initially admitted to a local hospital where pneumonia, myocarditis with heart failure, pyelonephritis, liver and pancreatic failure as well as cholelithiasis were suspected. Zinaceff and Amikin were administered and after 8 days the child was referred to the cardiology department of a regional reference hospital due to heart failure symptoms. There the diagnosis of sepsis was established, and the antibiotics changed to Pipril and Amikin. The child however did not improve and after two days he was transferred to an intensive care unit. The previous anti-microbial therapy was continued for another 7 days until the results of stool culture revealing Salmonella sp. were available. Subsequently the boy was admitted to our clinic. Based on the clinical course, Widal test and isolating of the Salmonella typhi from the stool samples typhoid fever was diagnosed.
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PMID:[Typhoid fever in a child--a case report]. 1521 62

Author presents and analyses informations of non-medical texts of Byzantine historians and chroniclers concerning diseases of Byzantine emperors, concluding that diseases were implicated in certain political and military difficulties. Only one third of the emperors died due to natural causes (i.e. illnesses). Some historians, such as Anna Comnena and Michael Psellos had studied medicine, both of them had excellent knowledge of medical theories of their times. Some diseases in Byzantium were widespread and had high morbidity. This material gives an indication that arthritis (resembling gout) tyrannised a great number of emperors. Contemporary historians maintain that the main causes of gout were overconsumption of alcoholic drinks and food. Other very serious conditions were acute and chronic pyelonephritis and urolithiasis. Relatively frequent conditions of the emperors included pestilential diseases (dysentery, typhoid fever, etc.), psychiatric disorders, epilepsy and arteriosclerosis.
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PMID:[Ill-conditioned rules on the throne of Byzantium]. 1571 71


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