Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing in recent years, and its treatment has also become challenging. The diagnosis of renal tuberculosis is often difficult and delayed. Early and correct diagnosis of tuberculosis with different organ system involvement is very important and can be easier with ultrasonography, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Although renal tuberculosis is the result of hematogenous spread more commonly from the lungs, less than 5%, of patients with urinary tract tuberculosis have active pulmonary disease. Renal tuberculosis may show variable radiological findings depending on the stage of the infection. Although an end-stage "autonephrectomized" kidey in tuberculosis is classically defined to be small in size, enlargement may on rare occasions be observed, which is the case in our patient. This form greatly mimics diffuse xanthogronulomatous pyelonephritis. Both diseases show thickening of the perirenal fasciae and spread of inflammation into the adjacent organs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may show some specific features to differentiate these two entities.
 ...
PMID:Renal tuberculosis mimicking xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. 1202 10

This article reviews the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of renal tuberculosis (TB), including TB in transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients. Multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) forms the mainstay of cross-sectional imaging in renal TB. It can easily identify calcification, renal scars, mass lesions, and urothelial thickening. The combination of uneven caliectasis, with urothelial thickening and lack of pelvic dilatation, can also be demonstrated on MDCT. MRI is a sensitive modality for demonstration of features of renal TB, including tissue edema, asymmetric perinephric fat stranding, and thickening of Gerota's fascia, all of which may be clues to focal pyelonephritis of tuberculous origin. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may help in differentiating hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis. ADC values also have the potential to serve as a sensitive non-invasive biomarker of renal fibrosis. Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of renal TB. In transplant patients, renal TB, including tuberculous interstitial nephritis, is an important cause of graft dysfunction. Renal TB in patients with HIV more often shows greater parenchymal affection, with poorly formed granulomas and relatively less frequent findings of caseation and stenosis. Atypical mycobacterial infections are also more common in immunocompromised patients.
...
PMID:Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system-Urinary tract tuberculosis: Renal tuberculosis-Part II. 2398 19