Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many discriminative experimental animal models of infection have been utilized in the evaluation of newer fluoroquinolones. In vivo efficacy of many of the newer agents has been shown in experimental models of meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, abscesses of various types, septic arthritis, gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, sinusitis, prostatitis and burn wound sepsis, among others. This review focuses on recent developments in a few selected areas. Although the limitations of animal model studies are well described, these results provide a rationale for the appropriate clinical usage of the newer fluoroquinolones in humans.
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PMID:Evaluation of quinolones in experimental animal models of infections. 186 88

Recent literature was reviewed to identify elements of antenatal care which are of proven benefit in preventing or ameliorating adverse outcomes in the mother such as bleeding, anemia, pre-eclampsia, sepsis and genitourinary infection, and obstructed labor. Recent trials indicate that while fewer routine visits for low-risk women do not jeopardize a positive pregnancy outcome, patients may be less satisfied. None of the many factors which can cause bleeding during pregnancy can be eliminated through antenatal care, although risk factors can be identified through history-taking. Counseling on what to do is the best option. Routine iron supplementation against anemia is not necessary in well-nourished populations, but circumstantial evidence suggests that iron and folate should be provided for every pregnant woman in areas of high anemia prevalence. Hemoglobin determination as a routine test is more important near week 30 of term rather than early in pregnancy. Recent trials do not support routine aspirin to prevent pre-eclampsia among low-risk women, nor is there evidence that anti-hypertensive treatment of mild pre-eclampsia will prevent more serious disease. Improved detection and care may, however, lead to better outcomes. Urine culture and dipstick for leucocyte esterase and nitrite with subsequent treatment of positive cases will reduce the risk of pyelonephritis and appear to be cost-effective. Serological screening and treatment of syphilis is inexpensive and cost-effective, while obstructed labor can be anticipated in multiparas based upon obstetrical history; hospital delivery should be secured.
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PMID:Scientific basis for the content of routine antenatal care. I. Philosophy, recent studies, and power to eliminate or alleviate adverse maternal outcomes. 903 38