Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral ciprofloxacin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of infections due to gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods. The efficacy and safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin was compared with that of intravenous ceftazidime in the treatment of 59 patients with well-documented serious infections in a prospective, controlled, randomized study with a third-party blinding. Thirty-three patients were treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin (200 mg every 12 hours, plus a daily extra placebo dose); 26 patients were treated with ceftazidime (1 g every eight hours). The severity of the infections, underlying diseases, and demographic features were comparable in both groups, although there were more men in the ciprofloxacin group. For ciprofloxacin/ceftazidime treatments, respectively, the evaluated infections were: pyelonephritis (16 patients/nine patients), pneumonia (three/five), soft-tissue infections (four/zero), spontaneous peritonitis (five/two), primary bacteremia (three/eight), and other (two/two). Isolated pathogens included: Escherichia coli (22/12), Klebsiella sp. (five/four), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two/three), Haemophilus influenzae (one/one), Proteus mirabilis (two/zero), Proteus vulgaris (one/zero), Salmonella sp. (zero/two), Plesiomonas shigelloides (one/zero), and others (one/four). The clinical responses were cure or improvement in 31 ciprofloxacin cases/21 ceftazidime cases; failure, zero/four; and indeterminate, two/one. The bacteriologic responses were eradication in 28 ciprofloxacin cases/22 ceftazidime cases; persistence, one/three; and indeterminate, four/one. Mild intolerance occurred in three ciprofloxacin cases and two ceftazidime cases. A mild increase in serum hepatic enzymes was observed in two patients in each group. Superinfections occurred in five patients: enterococcal septicemia (zero/two) and urinary tract infections (one/two). The results presented suggest that intravenous ciprofloxacin is an effective and safe antimicrobial agent for the treatment of serious infections, with an efficacy comparable with that of ceftazidime, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin. An additional advantage seems to be a lower rate of superinfections.
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PMID:Intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime in serious infections. A prospective, controlled clinical trial with third-party blinding. 268 25

Ceftazidime, a new beta-lactamase resistant aminothiazo-oyl cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, was evaluated clinically for efficacy and safety at 3 dosage levels in patients with acute genitourinary tract infection. Sixty patients with infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, epididymitis and prostatitis, were assigned randomly to 1 of the 3 dosage regimens: 250, 500 or 1,000 mg. administered intramuscularly every 12 hours. Patients were evaluated bacteriologically and clinically during the course of treatment and after treatment. All patients became asymptomatic and showed clinical improvement or cure within 48 to 72 hours regardless of dosage. Bacteriological success, namely eradication of the pathogen during therapy with no recurrence of superinfection during followup, was attained in 95 per cent of the patients with uncomplicated infections and in 61 per cent of those with complicated infections. Superinfections accounted for most of the noncures, particularly with the 250 mg. regimen. The difference in success rates between the 250 mg. dosage, and the 500 mg. and 1 gm. dosages in patients with complicated infections was statistically significant. Injections were well tolerated without significant side effects. No clinically important variations in laboratory tests were observed. The results indicate that ceftazidime is a useful third generation cephalosporin for complicated and uncomplicated genitourinary infections but it is recommended that the 250 mg. dosage not be used in patients with complicated infections.
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PMID:Ceftazidime, an open randomized comparison of 3 dosages for genitourinary infections. 635 Jun 16