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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study involving 1,980 patients aimed at defining the pathological basis of endstage (chronic) renal failure in Nigerians was carried out over a six-year period in Benin City, Nigeria. Using information derived from intravenous pyelography, ultrasonography, renal biopsies and autopsies, it was found that 43% of cases of chronic renal failure were due to hypertensive nephrosclerosis, 33% due to obstructive uropathy and 18% due to chronic glomerulonephritis. Chronic atrophic pyelonephritis was a rare finding. The frequency and severity of essential hypertension in Nigerians and their propensity to go into renal failure are similar to what obtains in American blacks. In a society which cannot afford regular dialysis and transplant facilities, there is need for early detection and adequate treatment of essential hypertension.
West Afr J Med
PMID:The pathological basis of endstage renal disease in Nigerians: experience from Benin City. 227 31

Of 134 girls with demonstrable ureterovesical reflux, 61 (105 ureters) had the reflux surgically corrected with an overall surgical cure rate of 97 percent. In the remaining 73 children (112 ureters), the reflux was treated conservatively with medical management alone. During the follow-up period no significant differences were demonstrated in the overall incidence of urinary tract infection; two years following corrective operation or medical treatment more than 50 percent of both medically and surgically treated children were still experiencing infections. A pronounced decrease, however, occurred in the incidence of clinical pyelonephritis among the surgically treated group. Following correction of reflux, the incidence of pyelonephritis was similar in both medically and surgically treated cases and was approximately the same as that found in a comparable group of children without reflux. In approximately two-thirds of refluxing renal units in which there was evidence of clubbing and scarring before medical or surgical therapy, deterioration progressed during the follow-up period. In most of these cases infection control was felt to be inadequate with episodes of clinical pyelonephritis occurring during the period of medical management, or, in the surgically treated group, occurring just before corrective operation and the scar appearing within two years after operation. The majority of renal units in which calyceal clubbing and parenchymal scarring was present had the most severe grades of reflux.
West J Med 1974 Nov
PMID:Urinary tract infections in children. Part III--Treatment of ureterovesical reflux. 446 Mar 80

Differential antibiotic excretion studies in eight patients with unilateral structural pyelonephritis showed that in all instances there was impairment in antibiotic excretion on the affected side compared with the normal kidney. Both peak and mean urinary concentrations were decreased on the structurally abnormal side. The degree of defect in antibiotic concentration was proportional to the amount of unilateral medullary damage, as measured by differential renal function studies. While the antibiotic concentrations achieved had an inconsistent relationship to cure in three patients with proven unilateral infections, the striking decreases in urinary antibiotic levels may argue against oral penicillin-G treatment of unilateral pyelonephritis in which there is renal parenchymal damage.
West J Med 1974 May
PMID:Differential antibiotic excretion in unilateral structural pyelonephritis. 483 81

Gallium-67 ((67)Ga) citrate was administered intravenously (50 microcuries per kg of body weight) to patients in whom acute and chronic urinary tract infections were suspected. Scanning was done, using both the Anger-type scintillation camera and the rectilinear scanner, 24 to 78 hours after injection of the isotope. The preliminary results imply that (67)Ga renal uptake is present in patients with pyelonephritis whether overt or silent, as well as in patients with uretero-sigmoidostomies. However, (67)Ga renal uptake is not present in patients with radiographic evidence of chronic pyelonephritis without active infection and in patients without renal disease.
West J Med 1974 Aug
PMID:Gallium-67 scans in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. 484 35

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefsulodin (CFS) were made and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetic study Three hundred fifty grams of CFS (20 mg/kg) was administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 7 years old child (17.5 kg in weight). Serum concentrations of CFS at the end of the infusion and 1,1.5,2.5,6.5 hours thereafter were 46.0,44.9,23.0,11.9 mcg/ml and 0.6 mcg/ml respectively. Urinary recovery rate until 6 hours from the start of infusion was 66.2%. 2. Clinical study CFS was administered to the case of bronchitis with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and bronchiectasia (treatment was made 2 times), and each 1 case of pyelonephritis with renal calculus and measles pneumonia with infantile spasm. All infections were caused by P. aeruginosa and administration and dosage of CFS was 47 to 86 mg/kg/day, 2 to 4 times daily by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion for 5 to 11 days. Result was good in 3 infections (2 cases) and fair in 1 case, i.e. measles pneumonia. Effectiveness rate was 75.0%. Side effect as well as abnormal change of laboratory findings were not observed. Thus, CFS is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of pediatric infection caused by P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefsulodin in the pediatric field]. 716 66

Seventy ward referrals for renal disease were prospectively studied at each of two tertiary hospitals: University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Kingston, Jamaica and Nottingham City Hospital (NCH), England. At UHWI, the referral population was significantly younger, 89% being less than 60 years of age compared to 40% at NCH (p < 0.05). The leading cause of acute renal failure (ARF) at UHWI was systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed by acute tubular necrosis (ATN). The leading causes of ARF at NCH were ATN and obstructive uropathy. Primary renal disease and diabetes mellitus were the major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at both centres, followed by SLE and hypertension at UHWI and renovascular disease and chronic pyelonephritis at NCH. Nephrotic syndrome occurred more frequently at UHWI than at NCH but the numbers were small (p < 0.05). Mortality rates were similar among patients with ARF and nephrotic syndrome at both centres, but were higher for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) at UHWI than at NCH (p < 0.05). Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was a frequent mode of renal replacement therapy at NCH (76% v 19% on haemodialysis). At UHWI, CAPD was not available and 45% of patients with ESRD were not offered maintenance dialysis because of inadequate facilities. The major difference in management and outcome between the two centres occurred in cases with CRF, suggesting that survival in patients with CRF in Jamaica could be improved if this therapeutic modality was available.
West Indian Med J 1996 Dec
PMID:A prospective study of ward referrals for renal disease at a Jamaican and a United Kingdom hospital. 903 29

This study examined the prevalence of bacteriuria in early postpartum period after term vaginal delivery in Trinidad, West Indies. Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurred in 58 (34.5%) of 168 patients tested. The prevalence of bacteriuria was significantly higher in non-catheterized patients than in catheterized patients and occurred more commonly in patients who were 20 to 29 years old and who were primigravida rather than multigravida. Forty-four patients had a history of urinary tract infection; 18 (40.9%) of these patients had positive urine cultures. Although 10 patients had a vaginal discharge in the late third trimester, none presented with postpartum bacteriuria. Because of the high prevalence of postpartum bacteriuria and the potential to progress to pyelonephritis and chronic renal disease, quantitative urine cultures for all postnatal patients and curative treatment for all positive cultures are recommend.
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PMID:Postpartum surveillance of bacteriuria in term vaginal deliveries. 954 82

In order to document the incidence, aetiology and outcome of chronic renal failure in Jamaican children, paediatric surgeons and hospital based paediatricians island-wide were contacted, and the nephrology records at the island's paediatric nephrology centres searched for data on children < 12-year-old with chronic renal failure diagnosed for the first time between January 1985 and December 2000. Thirty-four children were identified, 21 were male. The cumulative annual incidence of chronic renal failure was 3.2 per million children aged < 12 years. The incidence is likely underestimated, as some children may have been undiagnosed and/or not referred. Glomerulonephritis was the commonest cause of chronic renal failure (50%) followed by obstructive uropathy, reflux nephropathy, renal dysplasia and chronic pyelonephritis (41.2%). Five children (14.7%) had reflux nephropathy (post obstructive in four). Half the children were already in chronic renal failure at time of presentation. Mortality was 65%. In Jamaica, childhood chronic renal failure is due mainly to potentially treatable diseases. Local physicians should be more aware of potentially progressive renal diseases and their prevention. Earlier referral of difficult cases for nephrological consultation is recommended. A paediatric dialysis/transplant programme is needed.
West Indian Med J 2002 Dec
PMID:Chronic renal failure in Jamaican children. 1263 36

Two West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus spp.) were reported with severe emaciation. One animal was a Florida manatee from the Everglades; the other was an Antillean manatee from Cuba. On necropsy, both animals had nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, and moderate to severe renomegaly. Histopathology revealed multifocal to diffuse pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and nephrocalcinosis. The stones were analyzed and consisted primarily of calcium carbonate. Serum chemistry values for the Florida animal revealed no renal abnormalities. The mechanism of calculus formation remains unclear in manatees. In horses, another hindgut fermenter, the most common urolith is also calcium carbonate. Urinalyses performed on manatees are very similar to those of horses (i.e., alkaline urine, low specific gravity, and calcium carbonate crystals). Formation of uroliths in manatees may have a pathogenesis similar to equine urolithiasis.
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PMID:Nephrolithiasis and pyelonephritis in two West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus spp.). 1868 58

Flank pain with hematuria is a common chief complaint in the emergency department (ED). Patients are often diagnosed with renal calculi or pyelonephritis and discharged with analgesics or antibiotics and follow-up. This case study describes a patient who presented to the ED with a 1 week history of flank pain and hematuria and was subsequently found to have a large renal mass on bedside ultrasound.
West J Emerg Med 2013 Mar
PMID:Ultrasound detection of a renal mass in a patient with flank pain and hematuria. 2359 45


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