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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease in childhood. Because the symptoms and signs are chronic and non-specific, preoperative diagnosis is usually difficult. We report an 8-year-old boy who had an abdominal mass and anemia for more than 6 months. Fever and dyspnea occurred 4 days prior to admission. Ultrasonography revealed an enlarged right kidney with multiple parenchymal hypoechogenic areas, absence of normal parenchymal structures, and perinephric thickening with multiple calcifications. An abdominal computed tomogram demonstrated an irregular, enlarged right kidney with multiple low-density round areas consistent with hydronephrosis and calculi. Diminished excretion of contrast media and a severe perinephric inflammatory reaction were present. Poor right kidney function was demonstrated by Tc99m-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid split renal function examination. We diagnosed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis preoperatively based on the clinical and radiological features. The child first had drainage of an extrarenal abscess and antibiotic therapy, followed by definitive nephrectomy. The hospital course was complicated with pleural effusion, peritonitis, pelvic abscess, and sepsis. A two-stage nephrectomy requiring less radical resection and decreasing the surgical complications would have been preferable.
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PMID:Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child with severe complications. 1537 22

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual variant of chronic pyelonephritis. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is associated with urinary calculi, urinary tract obstruction, and invasion of the renal parenchyma. Pathologically, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis consists of a yellow (xantho) colored infiltrate in renal tissue with granulomatous formation. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis may be distinguished from chronic pyelonephritis by renal size. Typically, the kidneys are enlarged in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and are small/shrunken with chronic pyelonephritis. The diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is made by abdominal computed tomography scanning showing the characteristic "bear paw" sign, or findings typical for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, eg, multiple hypo dense areas with ring-enhancing lesions. The definitive treatment for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is antimicrobial therapy and nephrectomy. We present a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis complicated by psoas abscess.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis complicated by psoas abscess. 1545 14

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis. With the review of the literature, we reported two cases of XPN with psoas muscle abscesses caused by Staphylococci aereus in one of the patient and Serratia mascerentes in the other. Both of the patients had renal calculus. We performed nephrectomy with psoas abscess drainage and started appropriate antibiotics, but one of the patients died of septic shock. Other patient is free of symptoms at the end of 5 years follow-up.
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PMID:Xanthogranulamatous pyelonephritis with psoas abscess: 2 cases and review of the literature. 1578 22

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), a morphological and clinical variant of chronic pyelonephritis, is an uncommon disease in children. It is characterized by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and replacement by granulomatous tissue containing foamy lipid-laden macrophages and is classified into diffuse and focal XGP. We present a case of diffuse XGP in a child with myotonic dystrophy complicated by cerebral palsy and discuss the importance of correct diagnosis and preoperative management to reduce inflammation and improve malnutrition associated with the disease.
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PMID:Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a patient with myotonic dystrophy and cerebral palsy. 1594 52

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon chronic inflammatory renal disorder. Most cases have been described in middle aged women and it is extremely rare in children. We report a case of a 4 year old girl who suffered from recurrent urinary tract infection and antibiotic therapy resistance. She had low growth-rate and palpable left renal mass on examination and was confirmed by radiological findings. We performed left kidney partial resection and then histological examination showed focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The focal form of the disease may respond to antibiotic treatment although usually an enucleation or partial resection must be performed. In conclusion xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass and recurrent urinary tract infection in childhood.
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PMID:[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. A case report]. 1609 85

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease of the kidney; renal parenchyma is replaced by lesions radiologically simulating clear cell carcinoma. We present a case of a 62-year-old diabetic woman observed at our institution for the appearance of back pain and dysuria. A CT scan revealed a large lesion of left kidney with psoas muscle infiltration and the patient undrwent a nephrectomy. Histology surprisingly showed a xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Though recent reports demonstrated the feasibility of conservative management of XGP with antibiotics, the use of pre-operative biopsy is still limited by the risk of seeding and the high false-negative results. How to distinguish xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis from renal cancer?
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PMID:[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal carcinoma. Report of a clinical case and review of the literature]. 1643 94

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare condition in children. A 7-year-old boy developed right flank pain and tenderness 1 month after an appendectomy. Abdominal computed tomography scan documented a right renal mass. A right nephrectomy was performed. The pathological report documents xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. He experienced an uneventful recovery. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be included in the differential diagnosis of children with fever, weight loss, flank tenderness, and a renal mass.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 1648 Dec 31

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare entity characterized by the formation of inflammatory renal masses rich in macrophages loaded with lipids. It is usually secondary to repeated urinary infections and urinary obstruction due to stones, which produce slow destruction of the renal parenchyma, requiring nephrectomy. It may sometimes be associated to secondary amyloidosis that leads to the appearance of a nephrotic syndrome. We have conducted a search in the Medline database between the years 1967 and 2003 and we only found 6 cases in adults and 3 cases in pediatric patients with amyloidosis secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. During this same period, there are more than 570 citations that include more than 1,000 patients with isolated XGP, so that we estimate that amyloidosis that complicates a XGP should be less than 1% of all the XGP cases. We present a case of XGP in a 51 year old female patient associated to amyloidosis that initiated with nephrotic syndrome, analyzing the clinical characteristics of the 9 previous cases. We compared their clinical characteristics with those of 51 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis without amyloidosis of a large classical series in order to characterize this clinical picture better.
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PMID:[Amyloidosis secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report and review of the literature]. 1730 60

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting with nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare condition, and its treatment of choice is nephrectomy. Laparoscopic management has been proved to be challenging in these inflammatory renal conditions. However, there was no previous report in the literature regarding laparoscopic treatment of nephrocutaneous fistula especially after previous operation. In this communication, we report the first case of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with nephrocutaneous fistula after previous failed flank exploration.
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PMID:Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with nephrocutaneous fistula after failed flank exploration. 1692 10

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis, which is usually caused by calculous obstructive uropathy. We present a previously healthy 45-year-old housewife, who was admitted to The Dammam Central Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia with left loin pain and increased frequency of micturition of four days duration. She also had icterus and features of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen was suggestive of XPN. She responded well to treatment with antibiotics and nephrectomy. Histology of the resected kidney confirmed a diagnosis of XPN. Our case suggests that the diagnosis of XPN should be kept in mind when a middle-aged female patient presents with unilateral non-functioning hydronephrotic kidney, which is totally distorted, and has enhancing as well as non-enhancing regions on computed tomography.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report. 1723 98


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