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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Followup renal scintiscans using two radiopharmaceuticals were performed in a patient with renal emphysema. This allowed us to more accurately determine whether the emphysematous pyelonephritis was responding to antibiotic therapy or whether surgical intervention was indicated. Both Ga-67 citrate and a cortical agent (Tc-99m dimethylsuccinate) were used. A reciprocal relationship in the renal uptake of these two agents indicates the response of therapy and the degree of improvement of renal cortical function.
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PMID:The monitoring of renal dysfunction in renal emphysema by dual radiopharmaceutical scintiscanning. 62 67

Renal emphysema is a rare and severe infection, that constitutes two clinical entities: emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelitis. We report a case in which the gas is localized both in the collecting system and in the parenchyma of the kidney. In our experience the percutaneous renal drainage has revealed to be able to dominate the infection but not to preserve renal function.
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PMID:[Percutaneous drainage in renal emphysema. Clinical case]. 150 67

Pyelonephritis emphysematous (PE) is a life threatening renal infection which is observed practically exclusively as a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. 95% of the 73 cases which have been reviewed were found in diabetic patients. The symptomatology resembles that of severe acute pyelonephritis but the disease differs from this in that, in PE, emphysema develops in the actual renal parenchyma and/or in the perirenal tissues. The most important single factor in the etiology appears to be ischaemia of the tissues which are employed as growth media for the microorganisms involved. Infections with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aerobacter and Proteus are the most commonly found. Isolated cases with Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans have been observed. The mortality in untreated cases of PE is 100%. With medical treatment alone, the mortality decreases to 73% while, when combined medical and surgical intervention is employed, the mortality can be reduced to 30%.
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PMID:[Emphysematous pyelonephritis. A serious complication of diabetes mellitus]. 163 68

We report three cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis, all of them associated with perinephric emphysema, and one case of emphysematous pyelitis to demonstrate the value of computerized tomography (CT) in both diagnosis and patient management. The differentiation between air in the collecting system (emphysematous pyelitis), air within the parenchyma (emphysematous pyelonephritis), and air in the perinephric space (perinephric emphysema) may have significant prognostic (survival) and therapeutic (medical vs surgical) implications. Computerized tomography is currently the best method for demonstrating intrarenal air and for characterizing the location of that air (intracalyceal, intraparenchymal, perinephric, or pararenal).
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PMID:Emphysematous pyelitis and emphysematous pyelonephritis characterized by computerized tomography. 150 32

This article reviewed some of the fundamental concepts in renal inflammatory disease. The difficulties in present terminology were reviewed and our approach discussed. The pathological underpinning of the acute-subacute infections were contrasted with those seen in the granulomatous diseases. The importance of CT in separating emphysematous pyelonephritis from emphysematous pyelitis and perinephric emphysema was stressed. Although ultrasound has been used in the past and is still of value in select situations, we prefer CT for assessment of renal infection. CT examinations show whether the disease is focal or diffuse, whether air is present, whether there is perinephric or pararenal extension, whether an abscess is present, and when the ideal time is for intervention. In severe renal infection in the adult, CT has shown the development of renal scars, perinephric extension, and the spontaneous drainage of Staphylococcus abscesses into nearby calyces.
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PMID:Upper urinary tract infection: the current role of CT, ultrasound, and MRI. 189 94

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare but interesting disease. A case is reported of cystitis emphysema with acute pyelonephritis and uncontrolled diabetes. The patient was a 54-year-old woman complaining of gross hematuria and fever. A submucosa emphysema in bladder was found by cystoscopy . Radiography showed the gas around the bladder. The patient was administered antibiotics, then symptoms was improved. We reviewed 12 cases of emphysematous cystitis reported in Japan and summarized the pathophysiologic features of this entity.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous cystitis]. 223 99

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis histologically, is reported. A 49-year-old female patient was referred to our department from the department of internal medicine because abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated left renal swelling with gas echo. Computed tomographic scan showed much emphysema in the left kidney. Although aggressive treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and immunoglobulin had been performed, subfever and left lumbago continued. Thereafter, she underwent left nephrectomy, and histological findings revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. In the Japanese literature 27 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis have been reported. Many cases are in middle-aged females and 85% of these cases complicated with diabetes mellitus. E. coli and Klebsiella was the main causative organism. The mortality of this disease was 26%. This report is the first case combined with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in Japan. We recommend adequate chemotherapy and timely surgical treatment for good results.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis combined with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. 273 41

Renal emphysema is an important clinical entity that is not addressed frequently in the medical literature. The affected patients may have gas within the renal parenchyma, emphysematous pyelonephritis, or confined to the collecting system, emphysematous pyelitis. Two patients that illustrate the spectrum of this entity are described. The literature has been reviewed to determine the clinical features of each disorder and to provide a schema for diagnosis and management. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is seen primarily in diabetic patients, whereas emphysematous pyelitis is recognized most often in association with urinary tract obstruction. The diagnosis is made radiographically by demonstrating renal gas on plain abdominal roentgenography or intravenous pyelography. Location and extent of renal gas are best evaluated by computed tomographic scanning. Intraparenchymal gas usually requires nephrectomy, whereas successful therapy of gas limited to the collecting system involves medical management, with a drainage procedure when obstruction coexists.
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PMID:Spectrum of gas within the kidney. Emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelitis. 330 Mar 21

Emphysematous renal infection is a severe, rare complication of urinary tract infection associated with gas production, which frequently causes renal destruction and has a high mortality rate. It is termed emphysematous pyelitis when gas is confined to the collecting system, or emphysematous pyelonephritis if it also involves the parenchyma with or without the perirenal space. Only 7 cases of perirenal emphysema have been described previously; all were in diabetics. Here we present a rare case of gas-producing renal infection in the collecting system and perirenal tissues, in a nondiabetic patient, and discuss the management of the various types of emphysematous renal infections.
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PMID:Emphysematous renal and perirenal infection in nondiabetic patient. 403 53

Fifty-two intravenous pyelographic examinations performed in diabetic patients, over a period of ten years, were studied. Certain radiological patterns proved sufficiently specific to be of diagnostic use. The main function of radiology was in follow-up studies and in the detection of complications. A variety of patterns are described: pyelonephritis, renal emphysema, papillary necrosis, perinephric abscess, emphysematous cystitis, fungal infection, neurogenic bladder and calcification in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, uterine artery and branches of the renal artery. The problem of intravenous injection of iodine contrast media in diabetic patients is discussed and risk factors are described. It is concluded that although iodine contrast media can be harmful, complications are usually mild.
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PMID:[Radiological aspects of the urinary tract in diabetic patients]. 630 5


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