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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retrograde pyelonephritis was induced in inbred Fischer rat kidneys with Proteus mirabilis (1 X 10(8) organisms/ml). Sera from pyelonephritic animals sacrificed at 4 and 6 weeks contained cytotoxic antibodies to cultured syngeneic 51Cr-labeled kidney tubular cells (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05, respectively) which could be absorbed with plasma membranes. Immune sera from 4- and 6-week pyelonephritic animals also displayed a granular fluorescent pattern along the surface of cultured kidney tubular cells. Quick-frozen syngeneic rat kidney sections stained positively with fluorescent antibody on the intraluminal side of kidney tubular cells. The results suggest that during chronic phases of pyelonephritis, auto-antibodies to kidney tubular cells are induced.
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PMID:Auto-antibody to kidney tubular cells during retrograde chronic pyelonephritis in rats. 388 65

All 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 Escherichia coli, two Enterobacter cloacae, two Citrobacter freundii, three Proteus mirabilis and one Proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary chemotaxis assay. This observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their ascension to the kidney(s). However, the incidence of motile isolates and their activity in urine taxis assays were similar for fecal E. coli isolates, for isolates from patients with recurrent cystitis and from patients with presumed pyelonephritis (E. coli blood isolates with concomitant E. coli bacteriuria). Thus, the present study of E. coli did not support the hypothesis that bacterial motility is a virulence factor in urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. 388 54

A group of 27 female and 2 male urological patients, aged 19 to 80 years (mean 44 years), were treated with intravenous temocillin 500 mg twice daily for 5 to 7 days. The diagnoses were acute pyelonephritis (n = 20), acute cystitis (n = 6), and acute cystitis and pyelonephritis combined (3). The causative organisms were Escherichia coli (n = 20). Proteus species (n = 9). Klebsiella species (n = 4). Streptococcus faecalis (n = 2). Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 1), and Providencia stuartii (n = 1). 27 of the 29 patients (93%) were clinically and bacteriologically cured; bacteriuria persisted in 2 patients with prolonged obstructive uropathy. In acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis, the urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin rapidly decreased, documenting a prompt renal tubular restitution during therapy. The drug was well tolerated and proved very safe with regard to haematological, hepatic and renal parameters. Also, Candida haemagglutination titres did not increase significantly during therapy. Temocillin therapy should preferably be commenced after the results of the urine culture are available.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of temocillin in urinary tract infections. 389 36

Cefmenoxime, a new cephalosporin, was given to fifty patients (28 male and 22 female) aged 15 to 86 years with infection of the urinary tract or prostate. Urinary tract infections, i.e. cystitis in 20 cases and pyelonephritis in 21, were usually chronic and associated with urologic anomalies. Nine patients had infection of the prostate. Pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 E. coli, 8 Klebsiella, 16 Serratia, 5 Proteus mirabilis or indole-positive Proteus, 1 Providencia, and 4 Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefmenoxime ranged from 0.015 to 64 micrograms/ml (mean MIC: 0.12 micrograms/ml). Cefmenoxime was given as single drug therapy in all patients but one, in a daily dosage of 2 g divided into two intramuscular injections, for 3 to 28 days (average 22 days). Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was four weeks. Therapeutic results were as follows: 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 cystitis patients, 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 interpretable cases of pyelonephritis, and 4 successes and 5 failures by relapse for the 9 patients with prostate infection. Local tolerance was excellent. Skin rash in 2 patients and diarrhea in 1 required withdrawal of the drug. Three other patients with diarrhea were able to continue treatment. Intolerance to ingestion of alcoholic beverages was reported by 10 patients. Hypereosinophilia was recorded in 2 cases and a transient mononucleosic reaction in one. No renal of hepatic side effects were documented.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in urinary tract and prostatic infections]. 389 62

Thirty-one moderately or severely ill hospitalized patients with proved (25 patients) or suspected (six) bacterial infections were randomly allocated to receive imipenem/cilastatin (16) or cefotaxime (15). The median age, sex, duration of therapy, underlying disease, and types of infection were similar in both groups. Nineteen patients with pneumonia, eight with soft tissue infection, and four with acute pyelonephritis were included. The pathogens isolated included Escherichia coli (six), Streptococcus pneumoniae (five), Streptococcus pyogenes (five), Haemophilus species (four), Proteus species (three), Staphylococcus aureus (three), and Serratia marcescens (two). In the imipenem/cilastatin group, 13 patients were cured of their infections and three showed improvement. In the cefotaxime group, nine were cured, three showed improvement, and three showed no improvement. Nine patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin developed phlebitis, as compared with eight treated with cefotaxime. One patient treated with cefotaxime developed diarrhea. During therapy, potential pathogens were isolated from four patients in the imipenem/cilastatin group (Candida species [two] and Pseudomonas maltophilia [two]), as compared with eight in the cefotaxime group (enterococci [two], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [two], Candida species [two], Acinetobacter anitratus [one], and Pseudomonas fluorescens [one]). There were no recognized superinfections.
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PMID:Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem/cilastatin and cefotaxime for treatment of lung, soft tissue, and renal infections. 390 Dec 7

To clarify the relationship between urinary tract infections and stone formation, infected renal calculi removed surgically from 19 patients were investigated. First, the stones were studied using a scanning electron microscope and bacteriological method. Most of the stone cores consisted of calcium phosphate and organic materials containing bacteria, fibrin, erythrocytes, leukocytes and so on. Second, in experimental ascending pyelonephritis in rats which received the intravesical instillation of Proteus mirabilis, the incidence of renal stone formation was increased with the grade of the pyelonephritis and necrotic papillae played an important role as stone nuclei. Third, urinary materials, which may initiate and accelerate stone formation, were investigated using the urine of stone formers associated with renal infections, nucleopore filters and stitches, from the standpoint of crystal aggregation and adhesion effects. The bacteria tended to aggregate crystalline and organic matters in the urine and to adhere them to the stitches before the crystals. The results obtained suggest that the bacteria and organic matters in the urine of stone formers participate actively in stone genesis and growth as an adhesive agent.
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PMID:[Renal infections and implicated urinary stone formation]. 390 92

The authors studied the etiological spectrum of 226 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, with 926 microbic strains isolated from the urocultures. The most frequent microbic causative agents were E. coli (40,82%), Proteus (a total of 17,82%), Enterobacter (8,86%), Klebsiella (8,64%), Pseudomonas (6,16%), Enterococcus (5,94%). The drug susceptibility of the majority of the isolated gram-negative microorganisms versus ampicillin and chloramphenicol, widely used in out-patient department practice, is relatively low. An important condition for the effectiveness of the treatment is the consideration given to the susceptibility of the microbic strains, isolated from the uroculture.
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PMID:[Microbial spectrum in chronic pyelonephritis and the drug sensitivity of the microorganisms]. 402 20

Homozygous and heterozygous female Gunn rats show increased susceptibility to experimental urinary infection. The strain develops pyelonephritis after intravesical inoculation of Proteus mirabilis in numbers which fail to induce the lesion in albino rats, and severe pyelonephritis is frequently complicated by papillary necrosis. The basis for this enhanced susceptibility has not been defined, but the occurrence of the phenomenon in both homozygous and heterozygous rats indicates that it is not caused primarily by high plasma levels of unconjugated bilirubin or by the deposition of bilirubin in the tip of the renal papilla. The increased susceptibility of the homozygous Gunn rat to ascending urinary tract infection provides supporting evidence for the suggestion that infection may complicate the natural history of experimental analgesic nephropathy in this strain and is relevant to the clinical association of analgesic nephropathy and urinary infection.
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PMID:Experimental pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis in the Gunn rat. 406 58

The antimicrobial activity of cinoxacin, 1-ethyl-4(1H)-oxo-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]cinnoline-3-carboxylic acid, previously reported as compound 64716, was determined and compared with other antimicrobial agents at a dosage of 12 mg/kg once daily in a descending pyelonephritis rat model with Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis as infecting organisms. Cinoxacin was considerably more effective than either nalidixic acid or oxolinic acid when all three were administered orally at 3 mg/kg four times daily. The presence of demonstrable serum activity with a high recovery in urine indicates cinoxacin possesses highly desirable properties of an effective oral chemotherapeutic agent for urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Cinoxacin: effectiveness against experimental pyelonephritis in rats. 415 40

A strain of Proteus vulgaris isolated from the urinary tract of a patient with postoperative pyelonephritis and resistant to sulfonamide, streptomycin, tetracycline, and kanamycin (KM) was found to transfer only KM resistance by cell-to-cell conjugation. The genetic determinant controlling the transferable KM resistance was considered to be an R factor and was designated R (KM). Successive transfer of KM resistance was demonstrated also from Escherichia coli 20S0, which received the R (KM) factor, to other substrains of E. coli K-12 or Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. The transfer of the R (KM) factor was strongly affected by the temperature at which the mating culture was kept. The transfer frequency of R (KM) at 25 C was about 10(5) times higher than at 37 C. The R (KM) factor was spontaneously eliminated from the host bacterial cells when P. vulgaris was cultured at 42 C, but no elimination occurred at 25 C. This elimination of the R (KM) factor at elevated temperature was also observed when the R (KM) factor infected E. coli and S. typhimurium. On the other hand, a normal R factor could not be eliminated from the same E. coli host strain by cultivation at the higher temperature. We consider the thermosensitive transfer and the spontaneous elimination of the R (KM) factor at higher temperature to depend upon thermosensitive replication of the R (KM) factor.
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PMID:Thermosensitive replication of a kanamycin resistance factor. 416 54


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