Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six patients, 20 to 77 years of age, were treated with netilmicin, mean dose 2 mg/kg every 8 h intramuscularly or in a 20-min intravenous infusion. The mean serum half-lives in patients with creatinine clearances of >/=90 ml/min and 60 to 90 ml/min were 3.2 and 3.4 h, respectively. In patients with serum creatinines of </=1.4 mg/100 ml and creatinine clearances of >/=60 ml/min, mean serum levels were 9.0 and 1.2 mug/ml, respectively, 5 to 15 min and 7.5 h post-intravenous infusion, and 7.1 and 1.7 mug/ml, respectively, 1 and 8 h post-intramuscular injection. Twenty-five patients had acute pyelonephritis; 7 of the 25 had bacteremia. The infecting bacteria were Escherichia coli (15), Proteus mirabilis (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), Enterobacter hafniae (1), and both Proteus rettgeri and Proteus morganii (1). All were inhibited by 6.3 mug of netilmicin per ml, except for the P. rettgeri, which required 25 mug/ml for inhibition. Of 23 patients who could be evaluated, 19 were bacteriologically and clinically cured at follow-up. Of the remaining four, one relapsed, two became reinfected, and one was lost to follow-up. Five patients developed nephrotoxicity; two of the five had previous renal insufficiency. Three patients, one with abnormal renal function, developed ototoxicity detected only with audiograms. These studies suggest that netilmicin is effective in serious gram-negative bacillary infections, but is nephrotoxic and ototoxic in humans.
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PMID:Pharmacology and efficacy of netilmicin. 66 3

SQ 14,359 is a new cephamycin-type (7alpha-OCH3) antibiotic belonging to a series containing a 7alpha-ureidoacetyl substituent. The compound is the most potent extended spectrum derivative of this type yet reported, surpassing CS-1170 and cefoxitin by a wide margin. This activity in vitro which extends throughout the Enterobacteriaceae is particularly prominent against Gram-negative organisms that are producers of "cephalosporinase-type" beta-lactamases such as Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter and indole-positive Proteus species. Superior activity also is demonstrated in vitro against streptococci, beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and many Gram-negative pathogens resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Experimental chemotherapeutic studies have confirmed these observations in wound and selected systemic infections in mice as well as acute pyelonephritis and meningitis in rats. The pharmacokinetics for each drug including antibiotic bound to serum was similar in both mice and rats. The pharmacokinetic profile in blood and cerebrospinal fluid favored SQ 14,359.
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PMID:Cephamycin derivatives: comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of SQ 14,359, CS-1170, and cefoxitin. 71 11

A number of different bacterial strains were analyzed for the presence of common antigens using immunodiffusion techniques. Most of the studied E. coli strains had many common antigens. Especially one antigen was found in all investigated E. coli as well as Proteus and Pseudomonas strains and antibodies to this antigen were also recognized in antimeningococcal antiserum. The antigen was found possibly to be at least partly a protein with low carbohydrate content located in the inner part of the cell wall and specific antiserum to it was produced by immunizing rabbits. Antiserum to the common antigen did not protect against intraperitoneal infection in mice, or against hematogenous pyelonephritis in rabbits. Irregularly in a few patients with pyelonephritis, a very low antibody response was indicated using indirect hemagglutination technique. A possible significance of the antigen for the future quantitation of antibodies to gram-negative bacteria is discussed, as well as of the specific antiserum for the diagnosis of gram-negative bacterial strains using immunodiffusion techniques.
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PMID:Immunological studies of an antigen common to many gram-negative bacteria with special reference to E. coli. Characterization and biological significance. 80 31

Twenty-five patients with severe urinary tract infections were treated with 3 mg of tobramycin/kg per day (given in two doses). Susceptible organisms were Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and enterococcus. Clincal conditions in which treatment produced excellent bacteriological results included a wide range of urological disorders; the most common were pyelonephritis, cystitis, and epididymo-orchitis, Three patients had septicemia, and 12 had an infection that was the result of urinary tract obstruction requiring surgery.
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PMID:Evaluation of tobramycin in severe urinary tract infection. 97 85

The antimicrobial activity of flumequine (R-802) was characterized by in vitro and in vivo procedures. Assay of the minimal inhibitory concentrations for 321 recent clinical isolates revealed that 88% of the gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by an R-802 concentration of 6.2 mug/ml or less. Cross-resistance in laboratory-derived mutants of Proteus vulgaris was essentially complete for R-802, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid, although quantitative differences were evident. R-802 was more effective than either of these quinolone antibacterials in preventing the development of experimental murine pyelonephritis (P. vulgaris). R-802 and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1:5) were equally effective in resolving a P. mirabilis-induced prostatitis of rats.
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PMID:Bioevaluation of the antibacterial flumequine for urinary tract use. 98 53

Based on the proportion of resistant, moderately sensitive, and sensitive strains, the descending order of activity of amikacin against clinical isolates of urinary pathogens was Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter, Proteus species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, amikacin was the most active of the antibiotics tested (including gentamicin and tobramycin) against 100 strains of P. aeruginosa. The calculated half-life of amikacin was substantially longer in patients with compromised renal function than in normal subjects. Immaturity of renal function, characteristic of the newborn, similarly slowed the rate of excretion of amikacin. The cure rate (complete clinical remission and eradication of the pathogen) was 91% in 22 patients with urinary tract infection (including 16 with chronic pyelonephritis) treated with 500 mg of amikacin every 8 or 12 hr for eight to 17 days. After single injections of 7.5 mg/kg 2-3 hr before delivery, appreciable amounts of the drug were recovered from the cord blood. No local or systemic intolerance or laboratory abnormalities were observed in a total of 42 patients (including eight infants) treated for a maximum of two weeks. No ototoxicity was demonstrable in any of the 12 patients subjected to audiometry; nystagmography revealed slight vestibular dysfunction in two elderly patients.
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PMID:Amikacin in obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal infections: laboratory and clinical studies. 99 29

The data presented are evident of the fact that the causative agents of pyelonephritis in pregnant women and puerpera are mostly Ecsherichia. Ilebsiella, Enterococcus and Ps. aeruginosa were isolated not so often. Strains with multiple antibiotic resistance were mainly isolated from the urine. It should be noted that 64 per cent of the Klebsiella strains and 90 per cent of the Proteus strains were sensitive to ampicillin. It should be taken into account in development of rational therapy of pyelonephritis in pregnant women and puerpera.
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PMID:[Antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of pyelonephritis in pregnant and puerperal women]. 99 46

A clinical and roentgenographic analysis of 13 patients with pathologically proved xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (X-P) has demonstrated that many previously accepted truisms associated with this disease may not be valid. As a result of this study it is suggested that X-P: 1. Does have a prominant female distribution. 2. May arise relatively acutely. 3. Can be associated with a well-functioning kidney. 4. May destroy the kidney and collecting system. 5. Does not demonstrate neovascularity. 6. Can be distinguished angiographically from hypernephroma. 7. May be associated with diabetes. Other important facts were again observed: 1. X-P is still often associated with staghorn calculi and urinary tract obstruction. 2. Proteus mirabilis is the main offending organism.
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PMID:New thoughts concerning xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (X-P). 120 Feb 8

Bacteriological analysis of urine of 150 patients with chronic pyelonephritis was performed. As a result mycoplasma was isolated from urine of 25 patients. Mycoplasma and Coli bacteria or Proteus were isolated simultaneously from urine of 10 patients. Biochemical properties and sensitivity to antibiotics of 9 isolates were studied. The data provided recommendation of the urine analysis for the presence of mycoplasma.
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PMID:[Isolation of Mycoplasma from the urine of patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. 122 68

The antibacterial activity of levofloxacin was compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and other antibiotics. In general, levofloxacin was equally active or up to fourfold more active than ofloxacin against all 801 organisms tested. Levofloxacin was twofold [corrected] more active than ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and 2- to 4-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Bacteroides fragilis. Levofloxacin was two- to eightfold more active than ciprofloxacin against coagulase-negative staphylococci and Acinetobacter spp., although these improvements in potency may not be clinically relevant. Levofloxacin inhibited 90% of streptococci when it was used at concentrations of 1 to 2 micrograms/ml. Levofloxacin was two- to fourfold less active than ciprofloxacin against most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Citrobacter, Proteus, Providencia, Salmonella, and Yersinia spp.; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both compounds were equally active against Pseudomonas cepacia. The in vitro DNA gyrase inhibitory activity of levofloxacin was as potent as that of ciprofloxacin, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.65 micrograms/ml against an E. coli enzyme. In vivo, oral treatment with levofloxacin was as efficacious or more efficacious than that with ciprofloxacin in systemic as well as pyelonephritis infections in mice. Levofloxacin achieved higher concentrations in the serum and tissue of mice than did ciprofloxacin. This study presents some potential advantages of the pure L isomer of ofloxacin over ciprofloxacin and other quinolones.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of levofloxacin (l-ofloxacin), an optically active ofloxacin. 150 49


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