Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Azthreonam, the first monobactam, was given to 40 patients with urinary tract infection. Patients included 27 females, aged 17 to 77 years. UTI was complicated cystitis in 10 patients, pyelonephritis in 11, and prostatitis in 19. The following bacteria were recovered from urine: 12 E. coli, 1 Levinea , 3 Proteus mirabilis, 7 Klebsiella, 14 Serratia and 14 Pseudomonas. MICs of azthreonam ranged from 0.0035 to 16 micrograms/ml (mean 0.12 microgram/ml). Azthreonam was given intramuscularly, as monotherapy, in a daily dosage of 2 g, in two divided doses, for 10 to 29 days (mean: 28 days). Follow-up was at least 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Therapeutic results were as follows: 8 cures and 2 failures by relapse in 10 cystitis , 6 cures and 5 failures by relapse in 11 pyelonephritis , and 12 cures and 7 failures by relapse in 19 prostatitis . General and local tolerance were excellent. There were no hematologic or renal side effects. Transaminases SGOT and especially SGPT increased transiently in 7 patients and returned to normal after treatment was discontinued; premature withdrawal was needed in only one case.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of azthreonam in severe urinary tract infections]. 637 8

More attention should be directed to upper urinary tract infections as they cause renal parenchymal damage. Recently, many reports on antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in urological diseases have been made. We performed ACB tests in 68 cases of urological infectious diseases. The tests were made according to Thomas' method. Anti-human immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM rabbit sera were used. The results were compared using the chi-square analysis. ACB-positive were 0 approximately 15% of the cases of acute cystitis, 33 approximately 67% of the cases of chronic cystitis, 30 approximately 60% of the cases of prostatitis and urethritis, and 60 approximately 90% of the cases of pyelonephritis. The percentage was higher in the patients who had indwelling catheters than in those who did not. The ACB test was suggested to be helpful in diagnosing upper urinary tract infection in the female patients who did not have indwelling catheters. But there was the danger of making an incorrect diagnosis with this test on male patients who had indwelling catheters, and those with prostatitis or urethritis, and on female patients with indwelling catheters.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infection : clinical significance of antibody-coated bacteria]. 638 63

A statistical study was performed on new outpatients. The total number of new outpatients in 1983 was 5,901 (male: 3,712, female: 2,189) and the male to versus female ratio was 1.7: 1. They had urogenital diseases definitely diagnosed (4,773), indefinitely diagnosed (445), normal (272), and diseases other than urogenital (411). The outpatients who were referred to by other sources accounted for 30% of the total number. The number of operation in new outpatients was 300, circumcision and vasectomy were representative. In our experience, manual operations without surgery gave good results in the outpatients who visited our hospital at an early stage of torsion of testis. The age, range had a peak in the thirties for males and in the 20s in females. A statistical study was made on new outpatients according to the international diseases classification. The number of the malignant (urogenital) tumors was 101 (1.9%). The major diseases of the new outpatients were cystitis (acute or chronic: 22.4%), prostatitis (16.7%), benign prostatic hypertrophy (10.4%), upper urinary tract stone (10.2%). In male the major diseases were prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, upper urinary tract stone, balanoposthitis, and in female they were cystitis, upper urinary tract stone, pyelonephritis, renalptosis. From these results, we may conclude that our hospital playing its role as a private urological hospital.
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PMID:[Clinical statistics on outpatients at the Urological Clinic of East Sapporo Sanjukai Hospital in 1983]. 652 49

Clinical efficacy of Cefmetazole was evaluated at four university hospitals and their related hospitals in Nagoya. For the treatment of urinary tract infections with or without complications, 177 patients were administered Cefmetazole. Of these patients, 69 had chronic complicated urinary tract infection defined in the UTI manual and 20 had simple acute pyelonephritis. The other urological infections for which Cefmetazole was administered included prostatitis, epididymitis, urosepsis and wound infections. Fifty four patients were given Cefmetazole intravenously after urological operation to prevent wound and urinary tract infections. The overall clinical efficacy of Cefmetazole for UTI was 76.8%; 84.4% for group 1, 85.7% for group 3, 75% for group 4, 44.4% for group 5 and 66.6% for group 6. In acute pyelonephritis due to E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, S. aureus, alpha-Streptococcus and S. epidermidis all patients were cured by Cefmetazole administration. Clinical efficacy of Cefmetazole was assessed to be excellent in 6 cases of prostatitis and 6 cases of acute epididymitis. E. Coli, Serratia and some organisms disappeared from blood after the administration of Cefmetazole but Pseudomonas persisted even after treatment. Postoperative administration of Cefmetazole was effective for eradication of bacteria from the urine in 26 out of 30 patients and in prevention of infection in 24 cases. After the administration of Cefmetazole skin eruption was observed in one patient and nausea in another. Slight elevation of GOT, GPT and total bilirubin was noted in 3 of the 177 patients after medication.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmetazole in urological infections]. 658 64

Cinoxacin, a synthetic organic acid antibacterial agent, related structurally to nalidixic and oxolinic acid, has been approved for the treatment of initial and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible gram-negative microorganisms. The role of cinoxacin in the treatment of UTIs, compared with the usual first-line agents, is uncertain at this time. The efficacy of cinoxacin in the treatment of pyelonephritis, compared with these proven agents, has been examined in only small numbers of patients, and cinoxacin is more expensive than these agents. Cinoxacin may prove valuable in the treatment of prostatitis and in the prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs; further study in these areas is warranted. In the routine treatment of acute UTIs, cinoxacin perhaps should be reserved only for those patients with organisms resistant to usual first-line agents or those who fail to respond to therapy with these agents. In this respect, cinoxacin may, in the future, replace nalidixic acid.
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PMID:Cinoxacin (Cinobac, Eli Lilly & Co.). 675 90

Recently, a new antibiotic of cephamycins, cefmetazole (CMZ) has been developed. In our clinic, CMZ was used to examine its clinical effect and adverse reactions, and the results were herein reported. The CMZ was administered to 8 patients for the prevention of postoperative infections, 7 with genitourinary infections and 1 with maxillitis complicated with uremia. For these patients, a daily dose of 1 to 6 g of CMZ was intravenously given for a period of 4 to 12 days. Among the 8 patients who received CMZ for the prevention of postoperative infections, there were 1 case with urinary tract infection, 1 with wound infection and 2 with fever of over 38 degrees C, but they had no serious infections. In the clinical observations on 3 cases with pyelonephritis, the CMZ showed marked effectiveness in 2 cases and effectiveness in 1 case. It must be noted that CMZ was proved to be markedly effective for pyelonephritis caused by Serratia marcescens. In the cases with acute epididymitis and prostatitis, a good effect of CMZ was obtained. Similarly in the case with maxillitis complicated with uremia, the maxillitis was improved by the effect of CMZ and hemodialysis. No cases with hepatic or renal dysfunction were observed after using CMZ. It is concluded that satisfactory effect of CMZ was obtained clinically.
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PMID:[Experience with cefmetazole in the urological fields]. 696 Dec 41

In 100 patients with urinary tract infections the new benzyl-pyrimidine/sulphonamide combination Co-tetroxazin (Sterinor) was tested concerning its in vitro and in vivo action. In spite of the heterogenous cases (pyelonephritis 16%, obstructions 15%, prostatitis respectively urethritis 12% and cystitis 53%) and the relatively high average age (about 40% above the age of 60) a high therapeutic success was achieved. The clinical symptomatology improved up to 96% (respectively 83% without anymore pathological findings). This in vivo action correlated very well with the in vitro action in the agar diffusion test: fully sensitive 79%, moderately sensitive 15% and resistant only 6%. It is worth mentioning that the in vivo results with Sterinor were obtained with only 1/3 of the usual substance load (dosis) of the other benzylpyrimidine/sulphonamide combinations. This is due to the more favourable pharmacokinetic properties. Particularly in chronic patients, multi-morbidity and in elder patients this is clinically relevant. With this proven comparable clinical effect Co-tetroxazin is to be specified therefore to be more effective pharmacologically.
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PMID:[Antibacterial treatment of urinary tract infections with co-tetroxazin (sterinor)]. 701 96

Acute urethral syndrome is effectively treated with a standard course of an appropriate oral antibiotic. Cystitis can be treated similarly but, because it is regarded as benign in normal hosts, may be better treated symptomatically. Acute pyelonephritis requires a parenteral antibiotic because of its frequent association with bacteremia. In chronic pyelonephritis, an oral antibiotic is chosen for long-term use on the basis of its ability to penetrate damaged renal tissue. When urinary tract infection recurs, reinfection must be differentiated from relapse. Reinfection usually requires long-term antimicrobial therapy, but relapse often has a potentially reversible underlying cause and merits extensive diagnostic workup. Chronic prostatitis constitutes a greater therapeutic problem than acute prostatitis because of difficulty with antibiotic penetration.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections. 2. Therapeutic approach. 703 28

Such wide-spread urological diseases as nephrolithiasis and prostatic adenoma requiring surgical management are often associated with chronic infection or inflammation (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, adenomitis). Relevant antiinflammatory treatment as a rule is conducted after the patient hospitalization which may induce unwanted emotional stress, occasional hospital infection, additional material expenditures. The authors have the experience of bactericidal and antiinflammatory treatment of the kidneys (143 patients with nephrolithiasis) and prostate (287 patients with adenoma) in the outpatient setting. Three-stage system of the patients' care is recommended: district outpatient clinic-consultative outpatient department of the Research Urological Center-Hospital of the above Center. Such an approach noticeably improved the treatment outcomes: the frequency of inflammatory postoperative complications reduced 2-fold, no more lethal outcomes occurred, the duration of the hospital stay decreased two-fold. The authors suggest to introduce the above three-stage system of pre- and posthospital outpatient antiinfectious and antiinflammatory treatment of nephrolithiasis-affected kidney and prostate in adenoma into the practice of all national, regional and local urological centers.
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PMID:[The preoperative anti-inflammatory and postoperative therapy of patients with calculous pyelonephritis and prostatic adenoma with chronic prostatitis under outpatient polyclinic conditions]. 753 81

A new antibiotic from fluoroquinolone series maxaquine (lomefloxacin) made in USA (Searle [correction of Surl]) has been tried in the treatment of urogenital infection (chronic cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, acute epididymitis, chlamydial urethroprostatitis) as well as to warrant antibacterial preparation before extracorporeal lithotripsy. The duration of the treatment course (3-28 days) was oriented to nosological form. The 24-h dose ranged from 400 to 800 mg. Side effects manifested with dyspepsia in 4 patients, worsening of memory in 2 patients. Photosensitization did not occur. Maxaquine clinical efficacy is similar to aminoglycosides and is superior to cephalosporins of the third generation. As for fluoroquinolone antibiotics, maxaquine can be compared to cyprofloxacine. The drug proved effective against urethroprostatitis and urethrocystitis of chlamydial origin. The responses to maxaquine favour its application in hospitals as second-line drug, whereas outpatiently it can be used for short-term empiric therapy.
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PMID:[Lomefloxacin in the treatment and prevention of urogenital infection]. 761 21


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