Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was administered to 34 full-term and premature infants aged 0-27 days with various bacterial infections in a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, and plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates in these subjects during recovery periods were studied. Because of the small number of the cases recruited, neonates were not divided into the full-term and the premature group, but into 3 groups based on day-age: 0-3 days, 4-7 days, and 8 days or older. Concentrations and rates of transfer of CAZ into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in 2 cases, and biliary concentrations in another case. A clinical evaluation of CAZ was performed in 12 male and 6 female infants aged 1 day to 4 months and 19 days, including 2 each with purulent meningitis, pneumonia and pyelonephritis, 3 with septicemia, 1 each with septicemia suspected, cholangitis, osteomyelitis, bronchopneumonia, staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome, and acute enterocolitis and 3 for prophylactic use. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CAZ The intravenous bolus injection at 10 mg/kg. Peak plasma concentrations of CAZ were obtained at the first collection (30 minutes) of blood samples or 1 hour in all 3 groups, ranging from 23.3 to 26.9 micrograms/ml with no significant variations, plasma concentrations then slowly decreased, and were still 6.04-9.88 micrograms/ml even at 6 hours after the administration. The half-lives of CAZ in plasma tended to be shorter in older day-age neonates, with mean half-lives being 3.59, 2.50 and 2.50 hours for the youngest. The intravenous bolus injection at 20 mg/kg. Peak concentrations were obtained at the first collection of blood samples in all 3 groups (0-3 days: 15 minutes, the others: 30 minutes), being 54.8, 39.9 and 43.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, then slowly decreased and were still 10.4-15.7 micrograms/ml even at 6 hours after the administration. Inter-age differences in half-lives were marked, i.e., 3.6 hours in 0-3-day group, 3.48 hours in 4-7-day group and 2.75 hours in 8-day or older group. Urinary recovery rates were about 40-60% without reference to day-age neonates. CSF concentrations About 50 mg/kg of CAZ was given to each of 2 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in neonates and premature infants]. 354 Mar 45

Evaluations of ceftazidime (CAZ) in a few different categories were carried out in neonates. Single doses of 20 mg/kg of CAZ were administered to 8 neonates (day-age range: 1-26) and 3 infants (day-age range: 45-119) by bolus intravenous injection. Mean serum concentrations of CAZ at 15, 30 min., 1, 2, 4 hours and 6 hours were 51.6 +/- 9.2, 48.1 +/- 8.7, 47.9 +/- 7.8, 38.2 +/- 6.5, 20.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml, and 15.3 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the neonates, and 51.1 +/- 10.3, 44.7 +/- 6.8, 35.5 +/- 4.1, 21.4 +/- 2.0, 8.6 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml and 3.5 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the infants. Mean half-lives of CAZ in serum were 2.87 +/- 0.77 hours in the neonates and 1.39 +/- 0.10 hours in the infants, and mean urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours were 60.5 +/- 16.0%, and 76.8 +/- 39.6% in the neonates and the infants, respectively. When individual differences are taken into consideration, no significant difference exists among 30-minute serum concentrations of neonates of different day-ages, and these concentrations were not significantly different from those in infants and older children. Half-lives of CAZ in sera decreased rapidly with the advances of the day-ages of the neonates, and the half-life at an age of 1-month should be similar to that in older children. The CAZ was administered to 2 cases of suspected sepsis, 7 of acute pneumonia, 1 of acute pyelonephritis, 1 of cellulitis, and 2 of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and clinical efficacies were excellent in all the cases except for 2 cases excluded from the assessment. S. pyogenes (1), E. coli (1) and S. aureus (1) suspected as causative organisms were eradicated by the treatment with CAZ. Neither clinical adverse effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in any case. From the above results, CAZ is considered to be an antibiotic with high efficacy and safety in the treatment of neonates.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftazidime in neonates]. 354 Mar 46

Renal allografts were transplanted into 20 dogs (12 beagles, eight mongrels) following a prescribed protocol for pre-transplantation blood transfusions and kidney exchange. Immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine and prednisone) was modified as needed for each dog. Seven of the beagle dogs survived for 1 year and were then euthanized; all other dogs died or were euthanized prior to 1 year post-transplantation. Graft rejection and renal failure were the greatest causes of mortality. Renal lesions which contributed to the death of some animals included renal vein thrombosis, nephrosis, and pyelonephritis. Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleuritis) was a contributory cause of death in some dogs. Cystitis and ureteritis occurred in almost half of the dogs. Prostatitis was seen in six of the 16 male dogs. Adrenal cortical atrophy, parathyroid gland hyperplasia, and bone marrow hypocellularity were seen in a majority of the dogs which survived 1 year.
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PMID:Lesions in dogs following renal transplantation and immunosuppression. 355 16

Antimicrobial effect of lysozyme in combination with a wide set of antimicrobial drugs (38) was studied with respect to 74 bacterial cultures. It was shown that synergism of the antimicrobial effect in the presence of lysozyme was variable for drugs differing in the mechanism of their action and depended on the pathogen species. The most pronounced synergistic effect was observed with respect to grampositive bacteria with the use of many drugs such as benzylpenicillin, ampiox, morphocycline, erythromycin and others. The potentiation effect of lysozyme was less pronounced with respect to Coli bacteria and Pseudomonas. Combination of lysozyme with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin resulted in increasing antimicrobial effect with respect to practically all the microbial cultures tested. The clinical trials of the efficient combinations of the antibiotics and lysozyme studied experimentally proved their high efficacy in combined therapy of patients with pneumonia and pyelonephritis of bacterial genesis. Thus, in children with acute pneumonia (92 observations) it resulted in more rapid elimination of the temperature reaction, toxic and cardiorespiratiry syndromes, cough and physical signs of the disease. In treatment of 83 children with pyelonephritis complete clinico-laboratory remission was observed in 81 per cent of the cases against 56.4 per cent in the patients treated with the antibiotics without lysozyme.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical study of the use of lysozyme in combination with chemotherapeutic agents]. 356 22

The efficacy and safety of intravenous and sequential intravenous-oral clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin therapy was evaluated in 71 hospitalized paediatric patients, one month to 16 years of age. The infections treated included peritonsillar abscess (2 patients), purulent tracheitis (1), acute epiglottitis (24), pneumonia (31), pansinusitis (4), mastoiditis (1), cellulitis (4), lymphadenitis (2) and pyelonephritis (2). The severity of disease was rated as moderate in 31 patients (44%), and as severe in 40 (56%). Bacterial pathogens could be cultured in 26 cases (37%). The response to therapy was prompt and followed by clinical cure in each patient. Adverse drug effects included phlebitis (in 6%), mild gastrointestinal complaints (6%), rash (4%) and transient neutropenia and elevation of transaminases (one case each). It is concluded that amoxycillin/clavulanate is effective and safe treatment for bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin or soft tissues in children.
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PMID:Sequential intravenous-oral amoxycillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) therapy in paediatric hospital practice. 357 Oct 53

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 children with bacterial infections (Table 1). The results obtained are summarized below. MICs of CZON to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to all 14 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. The MIC to 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was 0.39 microgram/ml and that to another was 0.78 microgram/ml. Two strains of Escherichia coli showed MICs of less than 0.05 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC to 1 strain of Enterococcus faecalis was 6.25 micrograms/ml. The CZON was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 58.5 to 85.7 mg/kg by 30-minute drip infusion or intravenous injection to 22 patients (9 cases of pneumonia, 9 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 1 case each of suppurative parotitis and acute pyelonephritis) and the following clinical results were obtained; excellent: 12 cases; good: 7 cases; fair: 3 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 86% (Table 4). Diarrhea was observed in four patients, and was resolved with or without discontinuation of the medication within a week. Anemia was noted in 2 cases. Leucopenia and neutropenia was observed in 1 case. There were a moderate rises in S-GOT and S-GPT activities in 1 patient (Table 4), and they necessitated the cessation of the CZON therapy. The S-GOT and S-GPT activities became normal after the drug treatment was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in children]. 359 88

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were conducted to evaluate cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem type antibiotic, in the pediatric field. A total of 9 pediatric patients (2-14 years) was treated with intravenous injection of CZON: 4 cases with one shot of 20 mg/kg, 2 cases with one shot of 40 mg/kg and 3 cases with drip infusion over 1 hour of 40 mg/kg. CZON concentrations in serum and the excretion in urine were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 49.0, 22.7, 9.03, 2.13, 0.37, and 0.09 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg one shot intravenous injections, mean serum concentrations were 117.5, 68.0, 26.2, 8.80, 0.63 and 0.19 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg intravenous drip infusions over 1 hour, mean concentrations were 57.1, 78.8, 12.9, 1.12 and 0.23 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Mean half-lives were 0.69 hour for 20 mg/kg one shot injections, 0.44 hour for 40 mg/kg one shot injections, and 0.58 hour for 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusions. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hour after administration were 70.8% (mean) for the 20 mg/kg one shot injection, 44.1% (1 case) for the 40 mg/kg one shot injection, and 60.0% (mean) for the 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusion. CZON was administered in 26 cases of pediatric infections, and the clinical efficacy, antibacterial activity, and side effects were evaluated. Of the 26 cases 2 were excluded for the reason of not having bacterial infection, and the remaining 24 cases were assessed. Included in the 24 cases were 16 cases of acute pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent otitis media, acute apical periodontitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), acute pyelonephritis, and acute enteritis. Clinical efficacy evaluation showed 19 excellent cases and 5 good cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, beta-Streptococcus 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 10 strains, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1 strain, Proteus mirabilis 1 strain, and Campylobacter jejuni 1 strain were determined or assumed as pathogens, but all of them were eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 361 84

Twenty-four children, ten of whom had an infection due to ticarcillin-resistant, Timentin-sensitive bacteria, were treated with Timentin. A full clinical success was obtained in sixteen cases (13 pyelonephritis, nine of them due to ticarcillin-resistant, Timentin-sensitive Escherichia coli, two neonatal infections and one pneumonia). Four children were improved (1 bronchiectasis, 3 leukaemias), three were unassessable and one failure occurred with a staphylococcal urinary tract infection. A pharmacokinetic study was performed in three newborns (under three months) and ten children (mean age 3 years). Timentin was administered as four daily 30-min iv infusions. The mean dosage used in patients under three months was 225 mg/kg/d ticarcillin and 9 mg/kg/d clavulanic acid. In infants older than three months of age the mean dosage was 250 mg/kg/d ticarcillin and 16 mg/kg/d clavulanic acid. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated similar serum concentrations of ticarcillin to those in earlier studies, and serum concentrations of clavulanic acid of 3.1 +/- 0.63 mg/l and 2.18 +/- 0.17 mg/l at 1 h and 2 h respectively after infusion in newborns. For children, at the same times, the serum levels were respectively 2.3 +/- 0.9 mg/l and 1.4 +/- 0.9 mg/l. The peak serum concentrations of clavulanic acid were the same in the two groups of dosages (4.7 mg/l), but the half-lives of clavulanic acid were 1.1 h in children older than three months and 1.8 h in infants younger than 3 months. The tolerance was good. Timentin may be useful as a first line antibiotic in infections in hospitalized children in the dosage described, as three or four injections daily, according to the age and the severity of the disease.
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PMID:Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Timentin in paediatric infections. 363 39

Fifty-nine children were enrolled in an open trial of aztreonam, a monocyclic beta-lactam, therapy for serious gram-negative infections. Thirty-six infections were microbiologically evaluable and received five or more days of therapy. Patients' ages ranged from 3 days to 12 years, and diagnoses included pyelonephritis or cystitis (20), deep soft tissue or joint infection (seven), septicemia (four), pneumonia (three), peritonitis, and epiglottitis. Causative bacteria included Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae. The standard regimen was 30 mg/kg every six or eight hours intravenously. All isolates were aztreonam-susceptible and were eradicated during therapy. Two patients had microbiologic relapses: a patient with Salmonella choleraesuis meningitis who was initially treated for only ten days and a patient with E coli pyelonephritis. Clinical cure was achieved in 31 of 36 children. Pharmacokinetic studies performed in six children demonstrated no difference in serum concentrations or pharmacokinetic variables between day 1 and day 7 of therapy. Although several patients had transient eosinophilia (eight), elevated levels of aminotransferase (seven), or thrombocytosis (ten), no clinically significant adverse effects were noted. In this initial, uncontrolled study, aztreonam was effective and safe in the treatment of a variety of serious gram-negative infections in children.
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PMID:Aztreonam therapy for serious gram-negative infections in children. 376 90

A 37-year-old female patient reported marked weight loss, prolonged alopecia, recurrent infections and watery diarrhoea. Examination revealed Salmonella infection, candidiasis and immunological signs of previous toxoplasmosis. Between 1978 and 1981, the patient had had close sexual relations to a patient with haemophilia A. Due to this fact, AIDS was suspected. Serological tests for HIV were not available at the time. The findings in DNA image cytometry (nuclear DNA inclusion bodies, polyploid lymphocyte nuclei and binuclear lymphocytes) suggested a viral infection of the lymphoid cells. Electron microscopy revealed in hepatocytes and cerebral cells intranuclear inclusion bodies whose size and contents were not compatible with an infection caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes virus or Epstein-Barr virus. In autopsy, infections of various organ systems such as pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, urocystitis, pyelonephritis, Candida oesophagitis and enteritis were found.
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PMID:[AIDS in a woman having had sexual relations with a patient with hemophilia A. Characteristic findings in DNA image cytometry]. 379 20


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