Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possibility that infection can cause premature labor is appealing. If true, antibiotics treat the cause, in contrast to tocolytic agents, which treat symptoms. There is strong evidence that infection is a factor in premature labor. Historical data from the preantibiotic era in patients with pyelonephritis and pneumonia support this. Vaginal bacterial colonization studies and amniotic fluid studies indicate that a portion of women with preterm labor have an identifiable microbiologic profile. Preliminary reports on antibiotic intervention in asymptomatic women and women in premature labor are encouraging. This may be the dawn of a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of preterm labor.
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PMID:Infection and premature labor. 271 21

From 1980 to 1988 235 koalas were necropsied and 67 were found to have urinary tract disease. Six affected koalas out of 48 were derived from wildlife parks around Sydney while 61 of 187 were derived from free living populations on the central and north coasts of New South Wales. Sixteen had cystitis alone, 5 had cystitis and associated renal disease only, 16 females had cystitis with genital disease, 23 had urinary disease in combination with other systemic disease and 7 had renal disease only. Overall 49 animals had cystitis (30 females and 19 males; 47 being free living) with 12 of these having renal extension (all free living). Cystitis tended to be active but chronic while associated renal disease was mainly designated as hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. Other forms of renal disease included lymphosarcoma, oxalate nephrosis, acute and chronic nephritis, and microabscessation related to septicaemia. Female genital disease associated with cystitis was commonly vaginitis and metritis. Paraovarian cysts were detected with and without metritis. Other diseases occurring with urinary tract disease included conjunctivitis, dermatitis/stomatitis, pneumonia and hepatic disease. The higher prevalence of urinary tract disease in free living koalas, especially cystitis, is in contrast to captive koalas and may reflect the interaction between disease cause and habitat.
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PMID:A survey of urinary tract disease in New South Wales koalas. 273 Apr 73

In a review of 37,012 autopsies over the last 20 years 202 deceased adults who had had a splenectomy were investigated. The incidence of infections and thromboembolic complications related to death in these patients was compared with that of a matched deceased population (n = 403) who had not undergone splenectomy. Death-related pneumonia was diagnosed frequently in the splenectomy group and to a lesser extent in the control group (57.9 versus 24.1 per cent, P less than 0.001). Lethal sepsis with multiple organ failure occurred in 6.9 per cent of the splenectomy group and in 1.5 per cent of the controls (P less than 0.001). Purulent pyelonephritis was observed in 7.9 per cent of the splenectomy group and was significantly more frequent than in the control group with its rate of 2.2 per cent (P less than 0.001). Finally, pulmonary embolism was the major or a contributory cause of death more often in the splenectomy group than in the control group (35.6 versus 9.7 per cent, P less than 0.001). We conclude that splenectomy generates a considerable life-long risk of severe infection and of thromboembolism.
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PMID:Incidence of septic and thromboembolic-related deaths after splenectomy in adults. 273 68

The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) were evaluated in 21 children with a variety of infections. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 4 children, each receiving a single dose of 60 mg/kg, were evaluated. The average half-life of SBT was 1.03 hours and that of ABPC was 0.83 hour. 2. In vitro antimicrobiol activity (MIC) of SBT/ABPC in which SBT and ABPC are combined at a ratio of 1:2 was stronger than ABPC alone and was quite effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, but activity against Escherichia coli was relatively low. Antimicrobial activity of SBT/ABPC against S. aureus was almost equal to those of piperacillin (PIPC), cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ), but against H. influenzae was stronger than those of CEZ and CMZ. Activity against E. coli was lower than those of PIPC, CEZ and CMZ. 3. A total of 21 patients including 3 with pharyngitis, 10 with bronchitis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute enteritis, pyelonephritis and suspected sepsis were treated with SBT/ABPC. The clinical efficacy rate for these patients was 95.2% (20/21). The bacteriological eradication rate was 80% (8/10). 4. There were 4 instances of side effects, 1 case each of eruption, diarrhea, thrombocytosis and eosinophilia, but all symptoms were transient.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in pediatrics]. 274 54

The clinical effectiveness of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) granule, a new oral cephalosporin, was studied in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. CFTM-PI was given orally to 17 children in daily doses of 9.5 to 31.8 mg/kg in 3 to 4 divided portions for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 14 patients. Clinical effects of CFTM-PI were excellent in 4, good in 5 of 9 patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, excellent in all cases of 2 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient with scarlet fever and 1 patient with pyelonephritis, and fair in 1 patient with purulent cervical lymphadenitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 8, good in 5, and fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 92.9%. 2. No side effects were observed in any of the 17 patients. Hematological tests showed a slight elevation of blood platelet counts in 1 patient. 3. The taste and odor of CFTM-PI granule were well accepted by the children. 4. CFTM-PI is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.
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PMID:[A clinical study on cefteram pivoxil granule in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 61

Serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alpha-amylase clearance were determined in a total group of 90 patients of whom 60 with renal diseases and 30 with extrarenal diseases. The renal patients were distributed, according to diagnosis in the following groups: acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and manifest chronic renal failure. The 30 controls were hospitalized for different extrarenal diseases such as: pneumonia, gastroduodenal ulcer, arterial hypertension stage I and angina pectoris. Serum GGTP assay was performed in 60 patients (40 renal patients and 20 controls) using Boehringer monotest kits and in 30 patients (20 renal patients and 10 controls) using Romanian kits (I.C.C.F.). No changes suggesting a particular type of nephropathy were observed. The results obtained by using the two types of kits for the serum GGTP assay have proved to be very close. Alpha-amylase clearance was determined in all the patients with Spofa (R.S.C.) tablets concomitantly with the urea and creatinine clearance. Important decreases of alpha-amylase clearance in concordance with decreases of urea and creatinine clearances were observed in all the patients with severe renal failure. More moderate decreases of alpha-amylase clearance were observed in the patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. The utility of this clearance as a test of glomerular filtration and sometimes as a prognostic test, is discussed.
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PMID:Preliminary clinical and methodologic observations on the determination of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and of the alpha-amylase clearance in nephropathies. 286 37

Twenty nine patients of an intensive care unit (9 women and 20 men), aged 63.9 +/- 15.8 years, with a mean body weight of 62.5 +/- 11.8 kg were treated during 9.4 +/- 2.1 days by aztreonam (2 x 1 g/24 h) administered by short infusion (30 min) for a severe infection due to a Gram-negative bacilli. The primary (n = 25) or nosocomial (n = 4) infection sites were a peritonitis (14), a septicaemia (6), a cholecystitis (6), a pyelonephritis (5), a cholangitis (2), a subphrenic abscess (1) or a pneumonia (2). The isolated Gram-negative bacilli were all susceptible to aztreonam, their MIC being less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml, except for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 4 micrograms/ml). Aztreonam was administered as a single therapy to 7 patients and in association with metronidazole (18) and/or penicillin G (14) to 22 patients; in fact, anaerobes were isolated in ten patients. The mean serum concentrations of aztreonam, as measured by HPLC, before and after the 7th administration respectively were 83.2 +/- 17.5 and 6.1 +/- 5.5 micrograms/ml for peak and through levels. The treatment of the 29 infections was a success in all the cases. No complication occurred due to the presence of Gram positive cocci (n = 4) in the first bacteriological sample, or due to the emergence (n = 12) of Gram positive cocci, except for one case of sepsis of the abdominal wall by Staphylococcus aureus. Aztreonam (2 x 1 g/24 h) may be a suitable alternative for the treatment of severe infections of intensive care units, mostly due to Gram-negative bacilli.
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PMID:[Aztreonam treatment of severe infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli]. 304 52

The therapeutic effects produced by ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid were compared with those of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid separately against infections in the mouse caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. The infections studied included a pneumonia model, a local tissue infection and pyelonephritis. The distribution of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in infected animals was evaluated by measurement of the concentrations of the substances present at sites of infection. The results showed that both ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were well-distributed in the mouse and at the doses employed were present at the sites of infection at concentrations of the same order as those obtained in man after administration of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid formulations (Timentin). The protection of ticarcillin by clavulanic acid from inactivation by the beta-lactamases produced in vivo by Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was demonstrated by the pronounced bactericidal effects produced by the ticarcillin/clavulanic acid combination against the ticarcillin-refractory infections studied.
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PMID:Antibacterial effects of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in animal models of infection. 308 34

Infectious complications increase the risk of postoperative thromboembolism. In order to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in acute infections not associated with surgery, 36 patients with acute pneumonia or pyelonephritis were evaluated regarding development of DVT with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test with confirmative phlebography. 1/15 patients with pyelonephritis and 1/21 patients with pneumonia developed DVT. No fatal pulmonary embolism was seen. The frequency of DVT was thus 6%. This low figure may be due to early mobilization of the patients and does not motivate routine anticoagulant prophylaxis against thromboembolic complications in patients with acute infections.
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PMID:Frequency of thromboembolic complications in patients with acute pneumonia and pyelonephritis. 319 14

The therapeutic activities of orally administered FK482 were compared with those of reference antibiotics against systemic and local infections with a variety of bacteria in mice and rabbits. In systemic infections in mice, oral FK482 was almost as effective as oral cefaclor (CCL) and more effective than oral cephalexin (CEX) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis infections. However, FK482 afforded superior protective activity when given subcutaneously against E. coli infection in mice, and this activity was more potent than that of subcutaneously given CCL. In comparison with CCL, the reason that the in vivo activity of orally given FK482 against mouse systemic infections was weaker than had been anticipated from its potent in vitro activity was due to its poor oral absorption in mice. In local infections in rabbits, a species in which FK482 was better absorbed than in mice, FK482 was more effective than CCL, CEX or amoxicillin (AMPC). Against pneumonia induced by S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, FK482 was as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the lungs of infected rabbits. In the oral treatment of experimental ascending pyelonephritis in rabbits, FK482 was superior to CCL and AMPC against methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL against Enterococcus faecalis infection, and as effective as cefixime (CFIX) and more effective than CCL and AMPC against E. coli infection in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the kidneys and urine.
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PMID:In vivo antibacterial activity of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin. 320 80


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