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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Diaphane-program instituted under the authority of the French Society of Nephrology has been steadily expanding since 1972. By December 1977, about 1500 patients treated in 30 public and private Dialysis Centres were followed up by this system. Full coverage of expenses is provided by the participating Centres. The statistical work presented in this report involves 1572 adult patients treated between June 1972 and December 1976 in 24 dialysis centres. The amount of collected data and the duration of the observation period permit to build up evolutive profiles of the population of patients treated in France by maintenance hemodialysis, of the various techniques and strategies used and of the main complications recorded in the patients. 1. Mean age of patients at start of dialysis is steadily increasing, from 40.1 years in 1972 to 48.2 years in 1976. 2. The predominance of male patients, constant over each year, may be explained by an increased proportion in man of chronic glomerulonephritis and renal vascular diseases. The sex-ratio in patients with chronic pyelonephritis is close to the one recorded in the French population. 3. The regular decrease of the mean plasma creatinine level at time of first dialysis recorded since 1972, is probably related to an earlier start of treatment. However, 10.6 per cent of the patients taken on treatment in 1975-1976 still had a plasma creatinine greater than or equal to 200 mg/100ml. 18.7 per cent had a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg, and exsudative lesions at eye fundi examination were found in 33.5 per cent. The delay in initiating dialysis treatment may account for the frequency of early acute cardiopulmonary complications such as pulmonary oedema and pericarditis and also for the increase in the mortality rate recorded during the first year of treatment: 12.1 per cent instead of 6.2 per cent during the second year. This particularly relevant for the younger age group of patients. 4. There seems to be some social disparity concerning the detection of renal disease and the conditions under which dialysis treatment is started: chronic renal disease is detected at an earlier stage and dialysis treatment initiated for lower values of plasma creatinine and of diastolic blood pressure in patients belonging to the "higher income" group of population. 5. The percentage of patients dialysed twice a week is steadily increasing, whereas the average weekly dialysis time decreases, being about 15 hours in 1976. Day and evening dialysis replace overnight dialysis. Disposable flat-plate dialysers are used increasingly. 6. Episodes of hypotension and cramps are the incidents most frequently recorded during the dialysis sessions. Risk factors evidenced in the occurrence of hypotensive accidents are: the female sex, age greater than or equal to 55 years in males, orthostatic blood pressure drop at the end of previous dialysis, weight loss of more than 4 per cent of total body weight during dialysis...
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PMID:[Dialysis-computer program. IV. Summary report. Epidemiology of complications]. 60 11

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has involved the pediatric age group and is especially prevalent in babies born of mothers who are intravenous drug abusers or prostitutes. Approximately 30% of children born to mothers who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will develop HIV infection. There are several important differences in children and adults with AIDS. The incubation period of the disease is shorter, and initial clinical manifestations occur earlier in children. In addition, certain infections are more common in children, and the different types of malignancy, especially Kaposi's sarcoma, are unusual in the pediatric age group. The altered immune system involves both T cells and humoral immunity and increases susceptibility to a variety of infections, particularly opportunistic organisms. In this publication the complications of pediatric AIDS involving the lungs, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, and neurological system are described. The most common pulmonary complications in our experience are Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia. The spectrum of cardiovascular involvement in pediatric AIDS includes myocarditis, pericarditis, and infectious endocarditis. Gastrointestinal tract involvement is usually due to opportunistic organisms that produce esophagitis, gastritis, and colitis. Abdominal lymphadenopathy is a common finding either due to disseminating Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection or nonspecific lymphadenopathy. Although cholangitis is more commonly seen in adults, it may occur in children with AIDS and, in most cases, is due to related opportunistic infections. Genitourinary infections may be the first evidence of HIV disease. Cystitis, pyelonephritis, renal abscesses, and nephropathy with renal insufficiency are complications of pediatric AIDS. A variety of neurological abnormalities may occur in pediatric AIDS. The most common cause of neurological dysfunction in children with AIDS is HIV neuropathy. We present the many complications of AIDS in children demonstrated by a variety of imaging modalities, emphasizing the importance of diagnostic imaging in children with this disease.
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PMID:Radiology of AIDS in the pediatric patient. 157 31

Over the last 16 years, 214 autopsies were done at the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Slavonski Brod Medical Centre, on people from an area recognized as endemic for Balkan nephropathy in the county. Balkan endemic nephropathy was diagnosed pathoanatomically and histopathologically in 94 of these cases, and in none of 1040 autopsies on people from a nonendemic area. The most striking pathological finding in all advanced cases of the disease was a marked reduction in kidney size and weight; in one extreme case, the organ weighed only 20 g. The process is invariably bilateral, but there are considerable differences in the degree of involvement in each pair. Although the pathoanatomical changes, including lung oedema and haemorrhage and fibrinous pericarditis, are seen in the majority of cases, they are not considered to be specific for Balkan endemic nephropathy, since they are well recognized signs of long-standing primary uraemia. The relevance of the peculiar finding of sulfurous yellow discoloration and hardened subcutaneous adipose tissue, seen frequently post mortem, is unknown and should be investigated in more detail. Histopathologically, fibrosis and atrophy of kidney cortex, with tubular degeneration, are the most consistent findings. Lesions characteristic of pyelonephritis were superimposed over the picture of 'pure' Balkan endemic nephropathy in a considerable number of cases.
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PMID:Some pathomorphological features of Balkan endemic nephropathy in Croatia. 182 Mar 51

Plasma concentrations of middle molecule (MM) fractions were quantitatively assessed by use of combined gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography in 82 non-dialyzed azotemic patients. "Sick" patients exhibiting uremic symptoms were compared with symptom-free azotemic patients with regard to plasma levels of individual MM fractions. The patients with edema, pericarditis and intercurrent infections had significantly higher plasma concentration of MM fraction 7c than symptom-free controls. The results confirm our earlier anecdotic observations that high plasma concentration of fraction 7c often associated with uremic symptoms. In the symptom-free group, the patients with polycystic kidney disease showed a significantly lower concentration of fraction 7b in plasma than those with pyelonephritis; the patients on protein restricted diet had higher plasma concentrations of fractions 7b and 7c than those on diets with daily protein intake of 60 g or more. Slight correlations between some biochemical parameters and MM fractions in plasma were found in the total patient material; the highest correlation between albumin and fractions 7c (r = -0.36), and 7d (r = 0.36), respectively. Statistical analysis of this survey has shown that the accumulation of MM fractions, especially fraction 7c, is associated with uremic "sickness", i.e. edema, pericarditis and intercurrent infection.
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PMID:Uremic middle molecules in non-dialyzed azotemic patients: relation to symptoms and clinical biochemistries. 706 71