Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A.S.O. titers were determined in 93 children with various kidney diseases. In addition, 52 children without renal disorders were investigated as controls. In the children with renal disease, 38 suffered from the "idiopathic", "primary" nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Thirteen had acute, post-infectious glomerulonephritis, 16 had "primary" chronic glomerulonephritis, 3 had pyelonephritis, and 1 had disseminated lupus nephritis. In acute glomerulonephritis, with or without N.S., the titers were higher than in the controls, which is known and consistent with the frequency of preceding streptococcal infections. Children with chronic glomerulonephritis, with and without associated N.S., did not show a similar tendency to increased values. All patients but one with "primary", , "idiopathic" N.S. of childhood had titers of less than 100. They were between 50 and 12 Todd units. These titers were observed early during the course of the disease and persisted for years in spite of remissions. They were not related to concomitant antimicrobial therapy, nor to corticosteroid administration. In "idiopathic" nephrotic syndrome of childhood a titer of less than 100 does not, in itself, lead to the diagnosis of a N.S. of childhood. However, a greater than 100 titer speaks against it and may well serve as a valid indication for a renal biopsy, in order to differentiate this disease from acute glomerulonephritis, and also from R.P.G.N. whenever they are associated with a N.S. The low titers are only of value in differentiating the "primary" form of the N.S. from the "secondary" forms which are preceded by chronic renal disease or which are due to another underlying, systemic disease. In nephrotic children less than 6 years of age, the less than 100 A.S.O. titers may also be due to their age.
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PMID:Value of antistreptolysin "O" titers for differential diagnosis of renal diseases. 734 28

Lysozymuria was studied in 70 patients with chronic pyelonephritis with preserved renal function and two groups of 18 patients each with pyelonephritis, with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and glomerulonephritis without CRI. Elevated value of lysozyme in urine was obtained in 40% of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis with preserved renal function and in 66.6% of those with chronic pyelonephritis in the stage of a chronic renal insufficiency. Lysozyme level in urine is in a correlation dependence on serum creatinine level. Lysozymuria is more frequent among patients with pyelonephritis with significant bacteriuria as well as among patients not treated with uroantiseptics. Lysozymuris is present in two patients with nephrotic syndrome from the patient group with glomerulonephritis and in two with probable not complicated chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of lysozymuria in chronic pyelonephritis]. 738 2

An 18-month-old Friesian heifer, which was admitted in November with a history of weight loss, diarrhoea and submandibular oedema, was found to have an enlarged left kidney and a massive proteinuria. Laboratory investigations revealed that there was a marked hypoalbuminaemia and that the range and the proportions of the individual proteins in the urine were almost identical to those in the serum. Consequently, the nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed. On gross and histopathological examination of the kidneys, there was evidence of pyelonephritis. However, immunofluorescence studies revealed a striking diffuse deposition of immunoglobulin in a predominantly linear pattern along the glomerular basement membranes. Abnormalities of the basement membranes. Abnormalities of the basement membranes were seen on ultrastructural examination and evidence of a flomerular protein leak was detected but changes typical of immune-complex deposition were absent. The immunofluorescence findings suggested a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis mediated by antiglomerular basement membrane antibody.
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PMID:The nephrotic syndrome in a heifer due to glomerulonephritis. 741 86

Over the last 22 years, we have encountered 34 examples of a highly aggressive neoplasm with a microscopic morphology that is highly predictive of finding sickled erythrocytes in the tissue. With the exception of one patient, all are believed to have had sickle cell trait or, in one case, hemoglobin SC disease. These 33 patients are the subject of this report and, where their race was known, they were all blacks between the ages of 11 and 39 years. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, males predominated by 3 to 1. Beyond age 24, however, the tumors occurred equally in men and women. The dominant tumor mass was in the medulla and ranged from 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Mean size was 7 cm; median, 6 cm. Peripheral satellites in the renal cortex and pelvic soft tissues, as well as venous and lymphatic invasion, were usually present. The lesions exhibited a reticular, yolk sac-like, or adenoid cystic appearance, often with poorly differentiated areas in a highly desmoplastic stroma admixed with neutrophils and usually marginated by lymphocytes. The tumors had usually metastasized when first discovered, and none was confined to the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. The mean duration of life after surgery was 15 weeks. These tumors probably arise in the calyceal epithelium in or near the renal papillae, the same site that produces the more familiar picture of unilateral hematuria in patients with sickle cell trait. We have concluded that renal medullary carcinoma represents another example of renal disease associated with sickle cell disorders. The other six are unilateral hematuria, papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome, renal infarction, inability to concentrate urine, and pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Renal medullary carcinoma. The seventh sickle cell nephropathy. 752 70

During the past decade, experimental and clinical evidence has indicated an important role for the renin-angiotensin system in the progressive destruction of nephrons in a wide variety of chronic renal diseases. Studies have indicated that in the subtotally nephrectomized rat model of progressive glomerulosclerosis, in experimental diabetes mellitus, in the chronic phase of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome and in Heymann's nephritis, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors dramatically preserve both nephron structure and function. Clinical studies have similarly noted that chronic administration of ACE inhibitors inhibits progression of renal failure in type I diabetes and type II diabetes as well as primary glomerulopathies, sickle cell nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosis, chronic pyelonephritis and adult polycystic kidney disease. Current evidence suggests that the beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors is primarily due to inhibition of angiotensin II production, and there is strong suggestive evidence for increases in local intrarenal activation of the renin-angiotensin system in these conditions. In obstructive uropathy, activation of the renin-angiotensin system has also been shown to be an important aspect of the early functional changes and may be of importance in the subsequent generation of interstitial fibrosis. In the obstructed kidney, renin and angiotensinogen production increase and type I angiotensin receptors decrease. Inhibitors of angiotensin II production and angiotensin II action partially reverse the vasoconstriction and the reduced renal blood flow, and abolish the changes in expression of AT1 MRNA induced by obstruction. Studies suggest that the angiotensin-mediated increases in tubulointerstitial fibrosis may be mediated by increased production of transforming growth factor-beta.
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PMID:Angiotensin II-mediated renal injury. 756 81

A total of 142 children aged 2-15 years with different nephropathies, among them 94 children with glomerulonephritis (GN), 26 children with pyelonephritis and 22 children with oxalate nephropathy, were examined. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 36 children. Mesangial proliferative GN was detected in 22 patients and membrane proliferative GN, in 14 children. The presence of the markers of HBV infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc total immunoglobulins, anti-HBc IgM) was detected in the sera of all patients by the enzyme immunoassay. As the result of this examination, essential changes in the distribution of different markers of HBV infection in children with nephropathies were detected. The combination of HBsAg with anti-HBc IgM proved to be the most characteristic feature of patients with the nephrotic syndrome; this was indicative of active HBV infection, and in patients with the mixed form of GN this combination occurred twice as frequently. The established correlation between the activity of HBV infection and the severity of the course of GN made it possible to suggest the participation of HBV in the pathogenesis of GN. This suggestion was indirectly confirmed by a higher detection rate of HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM in patients with the membrane proliferative form of GN.
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PMID:[HB viral infection in kidney diseases in children]. 806 5

Seventy ward referrals for renal disease were prospectively studied at each of two tertiary hospitals: University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Kingston, Jamaica and Nottingham City Hospital (NCH), England. At UHWI, the referral population was significantly younger, 89% being less than 60 years of age compared to 40% at NCH (p < 0.05). The leading cause of acute renal failure (ARF) at UHWI was systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed by acute tubular necrosis (ATN). The leading causes of ARF at NCH were ATN and obstructive uropathy. Primary renal disease and diabetes mellitus were the major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at both centres, followed by SLE and hypertension at UHWI and renovascular disease and chronic pyelonephritis at NCH. Nephrotic syndrome occurred more frequently at UHWI than at NCH but the numbers were small (p < 0.05). Mortality rates were similar among patients with ARF and nephrotic syndrome at both centres, but were higher for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) at UHWI than at NCH (p < 0.05). Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was a frequent mode of renal replacement therapy at NCH (76% v 19% on haemodialysis). At UHWI, CAPD was not available and 45% of patients with ESRD were not offered maintenance dialysis because of inadequate facilities. The major difference in management and outcome between the two centres occurred in cases with CRF, suggesting that survival in patients with CRF in Jamaica could be improved if this therapeutic modality was available.
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PMID:A prospective study of ward referrals for renal disease at a Jamaican and a United Kingdom hospital. 903 29

The association of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) and systemic amyloidosis is extremely rare. This association has been described in only six cases. We present a 4-year-old male admitted with a history of anuria and abdominal pain. Investigations revealed multiple calculi in both kidneys. A right pyelolithotomy and left nephrectomy were performed. Histological examination demonstrated XPN and amyloidosis. At discharge serum creatinine had dropped to 1.1 mg/dl but after being lost to follow up for 9 years, the child was readmitted because of edema. Laboratory examination revealed a nephrotic syndrome and serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dl. Rectal biopsy showed the presence of amyloid. A treatment by colchicine was unsuccessful. Fifteen months later, at the age of 15 years, the patient developed terminal renal failure (serum creatinine 14 mg/dl).
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PMID:Chronic nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure by amyloidosis secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 949 Dec 90

In kidney allografts, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has been described as recurrent, de novo, or a histological variant of chronic transplant glomerulopathy. We describe a unique case of de novo FSGS in a renal transplant not accompanied by any feature of rejection in a patient who had not been immunosuppressed for several years. A 58-year-old woman received a histoidentical living-related kidney transplant for end-stage renal disease due to chronic pyelonephritis. Twenty-four years after the transplant she voluntarily discontinued all immunosuppressive medication. Seven years later she presented with nephrotic syndrome, mild renal failure, and positive serology for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. The kidney transplant biopsy disclosed de novo FSGS. Features of acute or chronic rejection, including chronic transplant glomerulopathy, were not seen. The pathogenesis of this lesion is probably related to sustained and prolonged glomerular hyperfiltration; alternatively, HCV infection may have triggered or accelerated the appearance of FSGS.
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PMID:Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a 32-year-old kidney allograft after 7 years without immunosuppression. 1039

From November 1998 to March 2000, two hundred patients over the age of 60 years (Elderly) with clinical renal disease were studied. 144 patients were between ages of 60-69 years, 46 between 70-79 years and 10 were above 80 years. The elderly patients (Male 165; Female 35) with renal disease constituted 11% (200/1816) of the total nephrology consultation during the study period. The clinical presentation included chronic renal failure (42.5%); acute renal failure (28%); nephrotic syndrome (14.5%); acute glomerulonephritis (7.5%); renal vascular disease (5%) and renal cystic disease (2.5%). Diabetic nephropathy, obstructive uropathy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis were the major causes of CRF, accounting for 80% of total CRF in the elderly. Chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were less common and etiology of CRF was uncertain in 5.9% of cases. However, diabetic nephropathy was the commonest (49.4%) cause of chronic renal failure. We did not see a single case of ischemic nephropathy causing CRF in the present study. Prerenal ARF, obstructive uropathy and sepsis were contributing factors for ARF in 82% of the cases. Volume depletion due to gastrointestinal fluid loss and urinary tract obstruction on account of enlarged prostate were the leading causes of ARF in 20 (35.7%) and 8 (14.3%) cases respectively. Sepsis with or without multiorgan failure was the major (46.7%) cause of mortality in patients with ARF and overall mortality was 26.8%. The commonest (31%) cause of nephrotic syndrome was the idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy related to type-2 diabetes mellitus was the second most common (24.1%) cause of nephrotic syndrome. Diffuse endocapillary proliferative GN of post infectious etiology was the commonest (73.3%) type of acute GN in our elderly patients. Renal cystic diseases were noted in 5 (ADPKD 3; Simple cyst-2) patients. Thus, overall spectrum of renal disease in our elderly patients is similar to that of developed nations except in two ways: (i) Endocapillary proliferative GN of post infectious origin was the commonest type of acute GN and (ii) Rarity or absence of ischemic nephropathy and atherosclerotic renal artery occlusive disease.
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PMID:Spectrum of renal diseases in the elderly: single center experience from a developing country. 1209 35


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