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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contrast-enhanced CT is not routinely indicated in uncomplicated urinary infections, but it may be necessary in patients with specific risk factors (i.e., diabetes, immunocompromised patients, history of stones, or prior renal surgery) or in patients not responding to antibiotics and in detecting complications of pyelonephritis. CT is the gold standard for imaging assessment of pyelonephritis severity. Imaging appearance of acute pyelonephritis, including focal (i.e., wedge-shaped zones of decreased attenuation or hypodense mass) and diffuse (i.e., global enlargement, poor parenchymal enhancement, lack of excretion of contrast, fat stranding) forms, needs to be differentiated from renal infarction, renal lymphoma, and interstitial nephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis-which appears as focal polar scars with underlying calyceal distortion, global atrophy, and hypertrophy of residual tissue-may mimic at imaging lobar infarcts. This pictorial essay reviews the CT imaging appearance of acute and chronic pyelonephritis, their uncommon subtypes, and their complications, with key features for early diagnosis. Their knowledge is crucial for emergency and abdominal radiologists to avoid misdiagnosis with malignancy and to guide the clinician towards the appropriate medical or surgical treatment.
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PMID:CT imaging of acute and chronic pyelonephritis: a practical guide for emergency radiologists. 3244 22

Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis in the world. It can affect several organs or systems, of which the genitourinary is the second most common after the musculoskeletal. Renal involvement in brucellosis takes the form of IgA nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinemia and kidney failure. While the agent can be isolated in urine, renal involvement is rare (<1%). We describe a case of a 58-year-old man presenting with oedema and proteinuria. Brucellosis is considered an aetiological factor in patients presenting with glomerulonephritis in endemic regions. Brucellosis serology may assist with the early diagnosis of this rare complication.
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PMID:A case of glomerulonephritis caused by brucellosis. 3250 59

This study aimed to determine the differences in antibiotic usage patterns in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis according to hospital type and region in Korea.The claims database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea was used to select patients with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code N10 (acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis) or N12 (tubulo-interstitial nephritis, neither acute nor chronic) as the primary discharge diagnosis in 2010-2014. Usage of each class of antibiotics was expressed as the defined daily dose (DDD)/event.The average antibiotic usage per inpatient event was 11.3 DDD. The average antibiotic usage was the highest among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals (13.8 DDD), followed by those admitted to secondary hospitals (11.5 DDD), clinics (10.0 DDD), and primary hospitals (9.8 DDD). According to the geographic analyses, third-generation cephalosporins were highly prescribed in some southern regions; fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were highly prescribed in some centrally located regions of the Korean peninsula. The hotspots for carbapenem usage included Seoul and Gyeonggi province cluster and Busan cluster: these regions include the capital city and the second biggest city in Korea, respectively.In conclusion, the antibiotic usage patterns for acute pyelonephritis in Korea differ according to the hospital type and region.
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PMID:Differences in antibiotic usage patterns for acute pyelonephritis according to hospital type and region in the Republic of Korea: A population-based study. 3292 24

This review article is written to describe the results of ultrasonography of the kidneys in healthy camels as well as camels with some renal disorders. In the dromedary camel, the physiology of the kidney is of interest in view of the specialization of the camel to hot dry deserts and to prolonged periods without water. It plays an important role in water conservation through the production of highly concentrated urine that may predispose animal to varieties of renal disorders. Examples of kidney affections in dromedary camels are renal capsular pigmentation, medullary hyperemia, subcapsular calcification, cortical and medullar discoloration, hemorrhage in renal pelvis, nephrolithiasis, and hydatidosis. Congestion, hemorrhage, hydronephrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, subacute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, diffuse interstitial nephritis, focal interstitial nephritis, renal cyst, hyaline degeneration, renal amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis, pyelonephritis, hemosiderosis, and renal toxicity. When the kidney is examined by ultrasonography, the clinician can get sufficient information about the size, position, and echo patterns of the renal cortex and medulla and renal pelvis and outlines of the renal blood vessels. In recent years, ultrasonography has been used in camels for scanning of the healthy status as well as evaluation and determining the diagnosis and prognosis of diseased cases. Examples of diseases evaluated by ultrasonography are paratuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, pneumonia, pleurisy, gastrointestinal neoplasms, chronic peritonitis, splenic abscessation, and hepatic disorders. Of the renal disorders assessed by ultrasonography are nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal abscessation, and renal neoplasms. Ultrasound guidance in biopsy of renal specimens has also been reported in dromedary camels.
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PMID:Ultrasonography of the Kidneys in Healthy and Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius). 3314 34


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