Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The symptoms and clinical course of chronic hypokalemic nephropathy are described in 21 patients with longstanding potassium deficiency. In 14 patients (group A) the potassium depletion was caused by malnutrition and/or abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics. 7 patients (group B) suffered from primary (6 cases) or secondary (1 case) aldosteronism. The average duration of potassium depletion was 8.8 years in group A and 3.4 years in group B. Depending on the duration of potassium depletion, chronic renal disease develops which may end in terminal renal failure. Urinalysis is non-specific or negative. The clearance of creatinine slowly decreases. Metabolic alkalosis is a constant finding and in group A occurs with a tendency to hyponatremia and hypochloremia, with the development of metabolic acidosis only in advanced renal insufficiency. In contrast to patients of group B, patients of group A have normal or low blood pressures converting to hypertension, if at all only in the late phase. The cases of group A had secondary aldosteronism (and, correspondingly, a hyperplastic juxtaglomerular apparatus). Although urinary tract infection is a regular finding in advanced stages, the clinical, radiological and histological evidence suggests that bacterial pyelonephritis, if occurring at all, is rather a complication than the cause of the disease. In 5 patients 7 instances of acute renal failure of unknown origin were observed which was lethal in one case. Another patient died from terminal renal failure, a third from an intercurrent pneumonia. Renal histology obtained from 13 patients showed the picture of diffuse chronic abacterial interstitial nephritis.
 ...
PMID:Symptoms and course of chronic hypokalemic nephropathy in man. 87 Feb 67

A metabolic study was performed in 28 patients with bilateral recurrent calcium-containing renal staghorn calculi and chronic pyelonephritis ("obstructive nephropathy"). Fourteen had normal GFR and 14 mild renal insufficiency. Ten normal subjects were used as controls. Under basal conditions, polyuria and negative sodium balance were commonly observed in patients with obstructive nephropathy and normal renal function. After an acute acid load (NH4Cl) an acidifying defect, i.e. high values for urine pH and reduced excretion of titratable acid and ammonium, was observed in 64% of patients with normal GFR and in 71.4% of those with renal insufficiency. During intravenous infusion with neutral sodium phosphate, the urine pH changed little but the rate of excretion of titratable acid increased in direct proportion to that of urinary phosphate in both groups of patients. These results, associated with the finding of normal blood pH in almost all patients, lead to the conclusion that an incomplete Type 1 or "distal" renal tubular acidosis is a frequent complication of obstructive nephropathy secondary to bilateral nephrolithiasis. The anatomical abnormalities of renal tubules and collecting ducts and the superimposed interstitial nephritis might be the pathogenetic factors responsible for the acidifying defect and for the impairment in sodium and water conservation.
 ...
PMID:Renal tubular defects in recurring bilateral nephrolithiasis. 95 42

The effect of radioactive lipid A, obtained from Escherichia coli, on the kidney of adult dogs and puppies was investigated. Injection of lipid A into the temporarily occluded renal pelvis of adult dogs caused abacterial interstitial nephritis in all animals tested. The intensity and duration of the kidney response coorelated well with the lipid A dose administered. Lipid A was demonstrated autoradiographically in the renal cortex, extra- and intracellularly. Radioactivity was still present after 10 weeks in 16 of 20 examined dogs. In the remaining four dogs the interstitial nephritis had subsided. Thirteen of 14 puppies in which the immunologic defense mechanisms had not yet developed showed no histologic reaction in the kidney after the same procedure as in the adult dogs. Lipid A appeared in the renal parenchyma through the blood stream rather than through the retrograde route. Lipid A antibody titers could be detected only in adult dogs, never in puppies. Lipid A apparently provoked an immunologic process in the kidney damaged by the operative manipulations, thus resulting in an abacterial interstitial nephritis. The possibility that chronic abacterial pyelonephritis can be induced clinically through lipid A and thus may have a pathogenesis similar to abacterial interstitial nephritis is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Experimental lipid A-induced nephritis in the dog. 108 11

Because of epidemiological, clinical, pathomorphological, and etiological criteria the Balkan-nephropathy is suggested to be a particular form of chronic interstitial nephritis with super-imposed pyelonephritis in about 30 p.c. of the patients. A basic scheme illustrates the origin and the development of the endemia as well as etiology and clinical course of the disease. Another scheme shows pathogenesis and pathomorphogenesis of the nephritis. This analysis about the characteristics of the endemic Balkan-nephropathy allows for the clarification of the triad: endemic occurrance, familial susceptibility, and mosaik like morbidity. The following important aspects of the disease are given: rarely occuring hypertension, facultative leukuria, and bacteriuria, smooth nephrocirrhosis. Prophylactic and therapeutic prospects are given.
 ...
PMID:[Balkan-nephropathy, a particular form of interstitial nephritis (author's transl)]. 109 38

Whether chronic interstitial nephritis (pyelonephritis) mainly results from kidney infection is widely debated. We studies 101 patients with interstitial nephritis, selected from 320 patients with newly diagnosed chronic renal disease, for frequency of etiological factors. Eleven had no etiologic factor(s) identified; 89 had clearcut factor(s): anatomic abnormalities 31, analgesic abuse 20, hyperuricemia 11, nephrosclerosis 10, stones 9, sickle cell disease1, tuberculosis 1, multiple causes7. Bacterial infection (present in 27%) was found only with another preceding primary cause of renal damage. Analgesic abusers frequently denied drug ingestion; 15% had urinary tract infection and 20% classical papillary necrosis. Two had family histories of analgesic abuse with nephropathy. We conclude that interstitial nephritis is a common form of chronic renal disease, is seldom idiopathic, rarely results from bacterial infection alone in adults, and frequently results from analgesic abuse in the United States.
 ...
PMID:Chronic interstitial nephritis: etiologic factors. 111 62

With the purpose of establishing the clinicopathologic correlation in pyelonephritis and to discard other interstitial nephrites, with present day morphologic criteria we analysed 63 casos that had been diagnosed as pyelonephritis, following Weiss and Parker's histologic criterion. The clinicopathologic diagnosis of pyelonephritis was confirmed in 12 cases; all of them showed obstructive uropathy and in most of them, there was chronic renal failure. Interstitial nephritis was established in 27 cases, all of them showing septicemia and almost half of the cases showed acute renal failure. Other 20 cases showed tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to different types of glomerulopathies, fetal glomerulosclerosis, dysplasias, nephrophthisis, radiation nephritis and renal infarct. In 4 cases, the study of sections finer than the original, showed absence of histopathologic lesions. The results of the present study point out the main causes of confusion with the pathological diagnosis of pyelonephritis, the necessity to investigate predisposing uropathy in patients with urinary infection and stresses the importance to establish correlation with clinical and laboratory findings in cases with tubulointerstitial lesions.
 ...
PMID:[Pyelonephritis and bacterial tubulointerstitial nephritis]. 125 17

The authors describe the results of the follow-up of children of the early age (n-68) and senior age (n-42) with different allergic diseases and 77 children with metabolic nephropathies (oxalate nephropathy, pyelonephritis associated with metabolic disorders, interstitial nephritis). In both age groups, an interrelationship was established between renal pathology in the form of metabolic nephropathies and allergo-pathology. Children with different allergies manifested the high incidence of metabolic disorders, with crystalluria and erythrocyturia being mostly encountered in respiratory allergies whereas leukocyturia largely occurred in skin allergies. At the same time the high incidence of allergic reactions was revealed in children with metabolic nephropathies. A relationship was established between the signs of atopy with graver varieties of nephropathies. The presence of the common pathogenetic components in the development of allergic and renal pathology requires the inclusion of immunologic and nephrologic methods into the complex of those patients' examination and the consideration of those factors in the treatment policy.
 ...
PMID:[Allergies in children with metabolic nephropathies]. 151 47

Seven Holstein-Friesian cows showing chronic nephropathy were studied by renal microangiography and its correlated histopathology. In cases of pyelonephritis associated with severe pathological lesions such as thickening of arterial walls, narrowing of the arterial and arteriolar lumen, and interstitial inflammation and abscess formation, patchy loss of the peritubular capillary plexus from the cortex to the medulla was clearly demonstrated by microangiography. Interlobular arteries were tortuous and attenuated or truncated. Opacification in the vasa rectae and interstitial capillaries was increased. Extensive non-perfused regions could be detected in the cortex. In cases of mild interstitial nephritis and moderate pyelonephritis, microangiography showed focal changes in the renal vasculature. Microangiography is thus shown to clearly demonstrate changes in the renal vasculature corresponding to the severity of the histopathological lesions.
 ...
PMID:Renal microangiography and correlated histopathological observation of cows with nephropathy. 155 72

An abnormality of blood vessels was noted in a biopsy of a renal transplant. This took the form of apparent development of a new artery inside and concentric with the old, with elastic laminae and a muscular media, separated from the old internal elastic lamina by poorly cellular tissue. In a systematic study of material from another 119 renal transplants, 13 nephrectomy specimens for chronic pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis, 28 renal biopsies showing interstitial nephritis, and 18 renal biopsies showing small vessel vasculopathy of accelerated hypertensive type, similar arterial changes were seen in another 10 renal transplants that showed chronic vascular rejection, 1 case of chronic interstitial nephritis, and 3 cases of vasculopathy, 2 with accelerated hypertension and 1 with systemic sclerosis. One renal transplant also showed apparent development of new muscular veins inside old veins. Immunohistological study for smooth muscle actin confirmed that the apparently new arterial and venous structures contained smooth muscle cells. The arterial abnormality may be called arterialisation of intrarenal arteries. This change appears to be not rare, is distinctive, and has scarcely been previously recognised or reported as a response of intrarenal blood vessels to damage.
 ...
PMID:Arteries and veins formed within renal vessels: a previously neglected observation. 156 60

The term "renal osteodystrophy" is used to include skeletal disorders of patients with chronic renal failure: osteitis fibrosa, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis and the frequently associated extraskeletal calcifications. It is the chronic glomerular disease with phosphate retention and resultant hyperphosphatemia on one hand and deficient 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and resultant hypocalcemia on the other to induce secondary hyperparathyroidism. The three most common causes of chronic renal failure in our patients are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy in decreasing frequency, polycystic renal disease occurs in five patients. Other miscellaneous causes include nephrotic syndrome, chronic pyelonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, interstitial nephritis and renal stones. The bone changes are similar in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism and the incidence of brown tumor is about 3% in the former and 1.5 to 1.7% in the latter. We present one among the 94 dialyzed patients who has long-standing severe chronic renal failure from polycystic kidney disease and develops brown tumor in the mid ulna after 7 years on maintenance hemodialysis. The incidence of brown tumor in our series is about 1.1%. Because of increased longevity of the dialyzed patients, brown tumor from secondary hyperparathyroidism is now more commonly observed. Hyperphosphatemia with serum calcium-phosphate products exceeding plasma solubility of 60 to 75 mg/dl may induce soft tissue and vascular calcification. This explains the much higher incidence of soft tissue calcification in secondary than primary hyperparathyroidism; two of our patients with generalized Monckeberg's type arterial calcification and multiple periarticular calcifications in five patients have been observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Renal osteodystrophy. 164 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>