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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize both exogenous microbial components and endogenous molecules to promote immune activation. Both immune and nonimmune renal cells express TLRs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of kidney diseases, including pyelonephritis, Leptospira nephritis, immune-complex glomerulonephritis, ischemic/reperfusion injury, and rejection of kidney transplant.
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PMID:Expression of Toll-like receptors in the kidney: their potential role beyond infection. 1643 59

As a cause of graft dysfunction, tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) seems to be the third most common pathology after rejection and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Among 540 needle biopsies obtained from 280 renal transplant patients between 1996 and 1999, acute TIN was detected in 23 patients (8%). The cause of acute TIN was secondary to bacterial infection in 17 patients and secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in three patients. The remaining three cases showed granulomatous pyelonephritis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 2) and Candida albicans (n = 1). During follow-up, 13 of 23 patients (56.5%) showed at least one acute rejection episode. The average number of urinary tract infection (UTI) episodes in the 23 patients was 1.4 +/- 07. We observed that the number of UTI episodes showed a significant association with the development of chronic allograft nephropathy (P = .03) and graft loss (P < .01). Twelve patients (52.2%) lost their grafts during 5 years posttransplantation. Only 6 of 17 patients with bacterial TIN lost their graft at a mean time of 52.5 +/- 14 months. But all patients with CMV TIN or granulomatous TIN lost their grafts at a mean time of 31 +/- 3.1 months and 39 +/- 3 months, respectively (P < .05). In conclusion, these results support the pathological role of tubulointerstitial nephritis as a pathway of graft rejection or renal allograft deterioration among recipients after transplantation.
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PMID:Posttransplant tubulointerstitial nephritis: clinicopathological correlation. 1654 49

Acute focal bacterial nephritis or acute lobar nephronia is an acute localized non-liquefactive bacterial kidney infection. Clinically, it may develop as an abscess and present as acute pyelonephritis but is distinguishable by the presence of a focal mass on imaging studies. The authors report the case of an 8-year-old girl with fever up to 39 degrees C and left flank pain of 6 days duration. On physical examination, she had nothing remarkable except tenderness and knocking pain over the left costovertebral angle. Post-contrast abdominal computed tomography revealed several wedge-shaped hypodense lesions in the left kidney. Urine culture grew Escherichia coli. Acute focal bacterial nephritis was diagnosed. The patient was treated with antibiotics and discharged on the 12th day of hospitalization.
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PMID:Acute focal bacterial nephritis in an 8-year-old . 1675 38

In the Chilandar monastery (Mount Athos, Greece) library, a collection of medical texts written in the Old Serbian Slavonic language was discovered in 1952. Because of its size and comprehensiveness, this manuscript was named the Chilandar Medical Codex. The Collection contains several manuscripts, which according to modern medical terminology, the manuscripts can be classified as texts on Internal Medicine, Infectious diseases, Toxicology, Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Surgery, belonging to different time periods. The oldest part, Text on uroscopy, is considered to have been written in 13th or 14th century and consists of 35 text pages divided into 62 paragraphs. Following the popular uroscopy methodology of macroscopic examination of urine, this text contains detailed descriptions of urine characteristics (color, consistency, sediment, odor), as well as a convincing Hippocratic description of urine formation from the filtration of metabolic and waste materials (involving the four humors) rather than blood and fumes (toxic metabolites) according to the theory of Theophilus Protospatharius and Isaac Israeli. Precise descriptions of normal and pathological urine characteristics are provided. Although kidney anatomy and function is unclear, the urinary bladder is very undoubtedly described as an organ for urine collection. In the Chilandar Medical Codex, there are about one hundred descriptions of kidney and urinary tract diseases and disorders. Many symptoms and syndromes such as hematuria, dysuria, pyuria, renal colic, anuria, polyuria, edema and dropsy, urine retention and fever, are incorporated in the broader clinical pictures of lithiasis of the kidney and/or bladder, pyelonephritis, cystitis, necrotic renal disease indicative of renal tuberculosis and tumors, acute and chronic nephritis, renal failure, and gout. Specific pharmacological prescriptions, mostly simple or compound herbal medicines, are given for each of those renal ailments.
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PMID:Kidney disease in medieval Serbian manuscripts from the Chilandar monastery (Mount Athos, Greece). 1687 11

For 20-year period surgery on the kidneys in purulent pyelonephritis was conducted in more than 130 pregnant women. Pyelonephritis was represented by apostematous nephritis and carbuncules with purulent parenchymal fusion. Long-term results (2 to 13 years) were studied in 75 women. Depending on the disease severity, nephrostomy or nephrectomy was performed (61 and 14 cases, respectively). Treatment results were assessed by excretory urography, ultrasound and radionuclide investigations of the kidneys, results of urine bacterial test. The treatment efficacy criterion was the absence of bacteriuria, recurrence of cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in the operated or contralateral kidney. Pathology was not detected in 30 of 55 females after nephrostomy. The rest 25 females had bacteriuria (n = 10), cystitis exacerbations (n = 4), repeated attacks of pyelonephritis (n = 11). Patients with urinary infection activity as shown on urograms and echoscopy had caliceal deformation, atonic dilation of the pelvis and ureter of the operated kidneys. These findings in combination with clinical manifestations of the disease indicate torpid course of pyelonephritis which developed after purulent renal inflammation in pregnant women. Women with a single kidney after nephrectomy had no symptoms of urinary infections, disturbed nitrogen excreting and concentration function. Recurrent pyelonephritis causing disability was observed in cases when by severity of pyoinflammatory process nephrectomy should have been made.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of purulent gestational pyelonephritis long-term results]. 1864 71

The great majority of renal masses are found incidentally as a result of the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If ultrasonography is not diagnostic CT or MRI should be initiated to differentiate lesions of the kidney that need surgical intervention from those that do not and from those that need follow-up examinations. Cystic renal masses are characterized by using the Bosniak classification, including category IIF. In solid Lesions of the kidney first non-surgical lesions as well as lymphoma, renal infarction and nephritis should be excluded. Identifying fatty components in renal lesions is very important because in angiomyolipoma they are almost always present. CT and MRI are exellent for tumor detection. Careful evaluation of imaging finding combined with the patient's history should assist the radiologist in making the proper diagnosis or recommending the appropriate treatment in most cases. This article provides a review about renal masses, the imaging methods for their evaluation and their characteristic features at CT and MR imaging. Different lesions are demonstrated like xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, renal infarction, lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, renal oncocytoma, cystic lesion and polycystic disease the kidney, echinococcosis, renal cystadenoma, metastases, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and multiple bilateral RCC in patients with Hippel-Lindau-Syndrome. This article should help to differentiate complex cystic lesions of the kidney by using the Bosniak-classification, especially Bosniak Category IIF. Solid masses should be characterized and the major question to be answered is whether the mass represents a surgical or nonsurgical lesion or if follow-up studies are necessary.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of focal lesions of the kidney in CT and MRT]. 1929 68

Thyroidization (thyroid-like appearance) in renal tissue which is made up of a colloid-like hyaline cast formation of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is a common finding in chronic pyelonephritis and obstructive nephropathy. This type of pathological change is sometimes observed in renal allograft specimens. We examined allograft specimens for thyroidization and other pathological findings related to thyroidization to characterize the conditions causing such changes. One-hundred three patients who underwent renal transplantation between January 2006 and April 2008 at Gifu University Hospital (251 renal allograft biopsy specimens) were enrolled in this study. Sixteen patients had thyroidization (11 mild, 4 moderate, and 1 severe). In four patients, THP reflux on Bowman's capsule was found, and in three patients interstitial THP deposits were observed. In four patients, tubulointerstitial nephritis was diagnosed. Fifteen of 16 patients were examined for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with voiding cystourethrography. Three of 15 patients had VUR. In the past medical histories of the 16 patients with thyroidization, three had low capacity bladders, two had prostate diseases, and six had previous urinary tract infections. In cases of thyroidization with additional findings, including THP reflux into Bowman's space and interstitial THP deposits, we need to examine the patients for the presence of urinary tract diseases. In cases of thyroidization and tubulointerstitial nephritis urinary tract infections were suspected. Such subclinical urological diseases in the grafts might affect the prognosis of renal function. Therefore, appropriate management of urinary tract diseases is required.
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PMID:Thyroidization in renal allografts. 1959 88

Ultrasonography is a helpful diagnostic tool in cattle with urinary tract disorders. It can be used to diagnose pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, renal cysts, renal tumors, amyloidosis, cystitis, bladder paralysis, bladder rupture, bladder neoplasms, and, occasionally, nephrosis, glomerulonephritis, and embolic nephritis. This article describes the anatomy, scanning technique, indications, limitations, normal and pathologic sonographic appearance of the bovine urinary tract. References from horses and humans are included, especially when the sonographic findings in these species may complement the understanding of similar diseases reported in cattle.
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PMID:Ultrasonography of bovine urinary tract disorders. 1982 38

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the most common form of postinfectious nephritis worldwide. The relationship between inflammation and arterial stiffness has been described elsewhere, but there have been no studies that have analyzed the association between arterial compliance and APSGN. The aim of this study is to assess brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in pediatric patients with APSGN, and the value of baPWV in predicting the outcome. We evaluated 16 children diagnosed with APSGN, 11 children with acute pyelonephritis (APN), and 25 healthy individuals in our hospital. The baPWV of all candidates was measured. In addition, follow-up of the APSGN group was conducted for baPWV, blood pressure and biochemical parameters. Significantly increased baPWV was observed in the APSGN group at initial diagnosis (P<0.001), in comparison with the APN group and healthy controls. Of these, 13 patients received sequential measurement of baPWV. Overwhelmingly, baPWV was rapidly normalized in 11 patients, whereas 2 boys presented with persistently higher baPWV. During the follow-up period of 2-3 years, both had consistency of proteinuria, and consequently, they progressed to either chronic renal insufficiency or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that APSGN involves not only the kidney, but also the arteries outside the kidney. Acute arterial stiffness might persist in patients who do not recover, but develop chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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PMID:Acute reversible changes of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 2159 44

To comprehensively evaluate the occurrence of renal lesions in a variety of nondomestic felids, necropsy cases from 1978 to 2008 were reviewed from a municipal zoo and a large cat sanctuary for those in which the kidneys were examined histologically. Seventy exotic felids were identified (25 tigers, 18 lions, 6 cougars, 5 leopards, 3 snow leopards, 3 clouded leopards, 3 Canadian lynx, 2 ocelots, 2 bobcats, 2 cheetahs, 1 jaguar), and their histologic renal lesions were evaluated and compared. The most common lesion was tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN); 36 of 70 (51%) cats were affected to some degree. Lymphocytic interstitial nephritis was the most common lesion in the tigers (9 of 25, 36%) and was rarely seen in other species. Although the renal pelvis was not available for all cats, 28 of 47 (60%) had some degree of lymphocytic pyelitis. There was no significant association between the presence of pyelitis and that of TIN. Only 1 cat had pyelonephritis. Renal papillary necrosis was present in 13 of 70 (19%) cats and was significantly associated with historical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment (odds ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 26.8). Only 1 cat (lion) had amyloid accumulation, and it was restricted to the corticomedullary junction. Primary glomerular lesions were absent in all cats. Intraepithelial pigment was identified in many of the cats but was not correlated with severity of TIN. Despite several previous reports describing primary glomerular disease or renal amyloidosis in exotic felids, these lesions were rare to absent in this population.
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PMID:Renal lesions of nondomestic felids. 2087 11


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