Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the usefulness of histopathology in evaluating invasiveness during acute cystitis and pyelonephritis in a mouse model of urinary tract infection, findings from bladder and kidney sections of mice inoculated transurethrally with Escherichia coli were compared with results of bladder, kidney, spleen, and blood cultures and with changes in peripheral blood leukocyte counts. All of the 14 bladder histopathologic abnormalities evaluated were significantly associated with a positive bladder culture, and 7 were associated with splenic infection. Histopathologic features of cystitis were present in some culture-negative bladders. Eleven of 12 renal histopathologic abnormalities evaluated were significantly associated both with a positive kidney culture and with splenic infection, and two correlated with the development of peripheral leukocytosis. Histopathologic features of pyelitis and nephritis permitted culture-positive kidneys to be categorized as exhibiting colonization only, pyelitis only, or pyelitis plus frank nephritis and demonstrated that some culture-negative kidneys exhibit signs of pyelitis and nephritis. These findings suggest that detailed, semiquantitative histopathologic evaluation can add to quantitative cultures in the assessment of bacterial urovirulence in the mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection.
 ...
PMID:Histopathologic-microbiologic correlates of invasiveness in a mouse model of ascending unobstructed urinary tract infection. 173 Aug 96

Analysis of the data obtained during a comprehensive examination of a great number of nephrologic patients during 1964-1989 permitted the author to draw a conclusion that a considerable part of errors in the diagnosis of diffuse renal lesions (DRL) are primarily made as a result of inadequate choice of examination methods that might contribute to the solving of a diagnostic problem; an insufficiently clear idea of the resolving power of those methods, and violation of the succession of their use. Erroneous interpretation of the patient's complaints and disease history we face sometimes, inadequate competence in the assessment of the clinical symptoms and laboratory data are of no less importance. All these moments are supported by the author's own observations. Special emphasis is laid on the causes of diagnostic errors occurring in the diagnosis of primary chronic pyelonephritis (PCPN), especially of its latent form, renal amyloidosis, focal nephritis, toxic or toxico-infectious kidneys, concomitant diffuse renal lesions, and on the etiology of the nephrotic syndrome (NS). The author substantiates inaccuracy of the concept of a potential development of the NS in patients suffering from PCPN. The author holds that if PCPN patients manifest the NS, it means that PCPN may be coupled with certain DRL complicated by the NS.
 ...
PMID:[Real errors in the diagnosis of well-known diffuse kidney lesions and their causes (critical comments. The author's own observations)]. 194 29

The current status of the pathogenesis of the disease and imaging methods in acute renal infections is reviewed. The spectrum of type of infection includes 1) acute pyelonephritis, 2) acute bacterial nephritis, 3) acute renal abscess, 4) acute pyonephrosis, and 5) infected renal simple cyst. The two most common imaging methods used are ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). Recent experience from the literature suggests that CT offers some advantages over ultrasound particularly in distinguishing degree and type of involvement of the renal parenchyma and in more accurate diagnosis of acute abscess.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal infections. 204 74

Efficiency of ceftriaxone (Rocephin Hoffman Laroche) was assessed in 16 children aged between 3 and 14 years and in 4 adults aged between 17 and 70 years with severe infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts caused by E. coli. S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis or enterococci. Pyelonephritis as a sole pathology was diagnosed in 10 patients whereas in further 8 patients it complicated other diseases (nephrotic syndrome, hepatitis, cholangitis, leukemia). Pneumonia complicated nephritis leukemia or lymphoma in 8 children. Peritonitis was diagnosed in 1 adult patient. Ceftriaxone was given in a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg to all children and 2.0 g to adult patients for 7-10 days. No adverse reactions were noted. Clinical improvement was achieved in all treated patients. Cultures became negative in 17 cases after the treatment. Significant bacteremia caused by P. aeruginosa persisted in 2 patients and by E. coli in 1 patient. No toxic effects on liver, renal, pancreatic and bone marrow functioning were seen. Ceftriaxone may be safely and efficiently used for the treatment of the urinary and respiratory infections.
 ...
PMID:[Use of ceftriaxone in urinary and respiratory tract infections]. 223 13

The authors described the principle and algorithms of the separation of a summary radionephrogram into constituents, reflecting the contribution of a radiopharmaceutical, uptaken by neutrons, and RP in the surrounding tissues. The authors proposed a correct method for estimation (using the first constituent) of the efficacy indicator of RP uptake by the kidneys (Q-parameter) and the indicator of the mean time of transit (t) in the kidneys of RP uptaken by their parenchyma. The results of testing of the proposed methods of Q and t calculation were presented. Values of these parameters were determined in health and in essential hypertension, I and II degree, pyelonephritis, chronic nephritis (latent and hypertensive types), stenosis of the renal artery, obstruction of the upper urinary tracts, and in one kidney. These results indicate the physiological adequacy of the employed mathematical models, proving the diagnostic informative value of the calculated indicators.
 ...
PMID:[The isolation of the contribution of the parenchyma to the radionephrogram and the assessment of kidney purifying function]. 237 81

Recurrent bacterial infection of the kidney was previously thought to be responsible for the renal scarring typical of chronic pyelonephritis until recent studies suggested that recurrent bacteriuria rarely produces chronic pyelonephritis in the absence of obstructive uropathy. In contrast, the association between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and chronic pyelonephritis has been observed frequently in the absence of urinary infection. Although the mechanism by which VUR injures the kidney has not been defined, recent observations have suggested that some component of urine might serve as an antigenic determinant involved in the immunopathogenesis of renal scarring in VUR. Therefore, the present studies investigated the immunopathogenic role of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in (1) a rabbit model of tubulointerstitial nephritis; (2) a swine model of reflux nephropathy; and (3) patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. The antigenic similarities between THP and uropathic bacteria were also studied. Our observations indicate that autoimmune responses to THP may occur after exposure to THP by intravenous challenge in rabbits, by urinary reflux in pigs, and in recurrent nephrolithiasis in man. Also, extracts of uropathic coliforms competitively inhibit the binding of human THP to its antibody. These studies suggest that autoimmune responses to THP may be the pathogenetic mechanism by which these factors, including bacteriuria, contribute to "chronic pyelonephritis."
 ...
PMID:The role of Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy and chronic pyelonephritis. 241 54

The imaging studies done on 62 patients hospitalized for acute renal infections were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-six (58%) had one or more abscesses, 17 (27%) had focal or diffuse acute bacterial nephritis, five (8%) had pyonephrosis, and four (6%) had pyelonephritis. All had prolonged fever (greater than or equal to 72 hours) and leukocytosis. Among 25 patients examined with both ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), US failed to depict three of five (60%) cases of acute bacterial nephritis and seven of 15 (47%) intrarenal and extrarenal abscesses. One renal abscess was misdiagnosed as a tumor at CT. US is not an adequate screening test for detecting lesions that may require invasive therapy. CT is more sensitive for the detection of acute renal inflammatory disease and for defining the extent of disease for planning of radiologic or surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial renal infection: role of CT. 267 65

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is one of the acute renal infections, its entity can be distinguished from other renal infections by the findings of sonography and computed tomography. There is no evidence of liquefaction in focal masses of AFBN in contrast to renal abscess. We present two cases with AFBN. The first case was a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The second case was a 24-year-old woman with bilateral vesico-ureteral refluxes. Although their initial symptoms mimicked those of acute pyelonephritis, the findings of sonography and computed tomography revealed renal masses. They were treated with anti-microbial agents, and showed rapid improvement on both clinical symptoms and renal masses.
 ...
PMID:[Acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia) report of two cases]. 265 59

We present three cases of acute lobar nephronia or acute focal bacterial nephritis on paediatric patients. Both radiological and echographic pictures are described, emphasizing those aspects which, together with a clinical symptomatology, allow a differential diagnose with abscess and neoplasias renally settled. We think that, among those patients suffering from pyelonephritis, an early practice of renal echography followed by further controls, allow an early detection of lobar nephronia cases and assessing a response to the treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Acute lobar nephronia (focal bacterial pyelonephritis). Apropos of 3 cases in children]. 266 12

Epidermoid carcinoma of the kidney is a rare malignant tumor, characterized by high invasiveness, poor prognosis, and the association of renal stone and renal infection. Very little reports about its sonographic appearance were mentioned in the literature. We present a case of epidermoid carcinoma of the kidney. Its ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous renal mass with perirenal and pararenal invasion, destruction of the renal pelvis, and preservation of enlarged reniform outline. Although this tumor should be differentiated with renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, renal metastatic tumor, renal lymphoma, renal infarction, focal bacterial nephritis, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis etc., we think we should put epidermoid carcinoma of kidney into consideration when a renal tumor mass presents with perirenal and pararenal invasion, destruction of the renal pelvis, and preservation of enlarged reniform outline in sonography, and hypovascularity in angiographic study.
 ...
PMID:[Epidermoid carcinoma of the kidney]. 269 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>