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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The evaluation of renal masses has become an increasingly important topic because of the increasing incidence of kidney cancer, the improved cure rate of renal carcinoma with the proper preoperative diagnosis, and the proliferation in renal mass diagnostic methodology. 2. A variety of benign entities can produce an abnormal renal mass with attendant difficulties in being distinguished from malignant neoplasms. Among these benign lesions are: simple renal cysts, polycystic kidneys, congenital variations in renal size and shape, segmental renal hypertrophy, renal infarcts, intrarenal hematomas, renal hamartomas, renal leiomyomas, renal adenomas, renal angiomas, renal fibrolipomatosis, hydronephrosis of a duplicated collecting system, renal abscesses, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 3. Nephrotomography, nephrosonography (ultrasound), adrenalin renal arteriography, selective magnification renal arteriography, renal venography and cavography, lymphangiography, renal scintillation scanning, abnormal levels of enzymes in blood and urine, immunologic studies (circulating antibodies and tumor-associated antigens), percutaneous needle aspirations, and retrograde renal brushing have all increased the diagnostic accuracy of determining the etiology of renal masses. None of these diagnostic procedures is infallible. A judicious combination of procedures gives the most reliable diagnostic results. 4. A search continues for (a) chemical agent(s) or a chemical profile in the blood or urine which is (are) specific for renal carcinoma, but as yet this is an investigational area and not a practical clinical reality.
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PMID:Evaluation of renal masses including retrograde renal brushing. 125 Dec 98

We have presented the case history of a patient with unilateral pyelonephritis and elevated peripheral venous renin, an obvious cause of renal hypertension. However, a complete evaluation revealed pheochromocytoma as the primary cause of the hypertension. It is assumed that the increase in renin is secondary to catecholamine stimulation. Since surgery or diagnostic procedures may be disastrous in a patient with unsuspected pheochromocytoma, we urge all physicians to make a special effort to detect the presence of a tumor in the hypertensive patient.
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PMID:The unexpected pheochromocytoma. 125 35

The effect of vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis A on the urothelial carcinogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formanmide (FANFT) was determined in female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder and high incidences of cystitis, ureteritis, and pyelonephritis. Administration of FANFT to vitamin A-deficient rats appeared to accelerate the carcinogenic process, with earlier appearance of urinary bladder tumors and the development of ureteral and renal pelvic carcinomas. Most of these tumors were squamous cell, occasionally with transitional cell foci. Hypervitaminosis A prevented the appearance of squamous metaplasia and squamous cell neoplasia in rats fed FANFT, but it did not inhibit the formation of transitional cell hyperplasia or neoplasia in comparison to rats receiving normal levels of vitamin A and FANFT.
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PMID:Effect of avitaminosis A and hypervitaminosis A on urinary bladder carcinogenicity of N-(4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formamide. 127 39

A man presented with recurrent renal cell carcinoma, complicated with acute pyelonephritis, 3 months status post partial nephrectomy. He underwent cystourethroscopy and a bilateral retrograde pyelogram, then was referred for a Tc-99m DTPA renal study; the images showed an initial photon-deficient area of the right kidney being gradually filled-in by radiotracer with further extension laterally, indicating urinary extravasation. 16 days later this area was aspirated, yielding 5 ml of yellowish fluid with clots consistent with necrotic tumor and pus.
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PMID:Urinary extravasation from the kidney of recurrent renal cell carcinoma. 129 73

The authors report 2 cases of localized xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) in which computed tomography (CT) permitted to raise a motivated clinical suspicion of inflammatory disease: the surgical exploration documented absence of neoplasm and allowed a conservative therapy implying only the removal of the mass. A literature review confirms that some CT signs in XGP permit differentiation from carcinoma. If they are present, in unifocal cases of disease, the authors suggest a limited surgical approach and a therapeutic strategy as conservative as possible.
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PMID:Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. 141 14

A case of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) with an associated renal cell carcinoma is presented. The tumor was discovered incidentally during a general surgical procedure. Subsequent evaluation showed a 3 cm mass in the lower pole of an otherwise normal kidney with no evidence of calculus or infection. Radical nephrectomy revealed classic findings of focal XGP with coexistent clear cell carcinoma. The literature describing the rare association between these conditions is reviewed.
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PMID:Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with renal cell carcinoma. 154 25

The clinical course of 138 children who underwent unilateral nephrectomy and had a normal contralateral kidney at the time of nephrectomy was reviewed. The diagnosis leading to nephrectomy included obstructive uropathy in 46% of the cases, reflux or pyelonephritis in 30%, Wilms tumor in 15%, hypertension in 4%, dysplastic kidney in 2% and trauma in 2%. Mean age at nephrectomy was 7.3 years and median followup was 24.7 years. Of the 138 patients 121 (88%) are well and 17 died, including 14 secondary to metastatic Wilms tumor and 1 of renal failure. Survival of nonWilms tumor patients was similar to that of an age-matched control group. In 30 patients 24-hour creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary protein excretion were measured. Proteinuria (greater than 150 mg./24 hours) was found in 8 of the 30 patients (27%) (p less than 0.001), renal insufficiency developed in 9 (30%) (p less than 0.0001) and hypertension occurred in 10% (p greater than 0.10). Children with an acquired solitary kidney are at increased risk for proteinuria and renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Prognosis of children with solitary kidney after unilateral nephrectomy. 164 May 59

The term "renal osteodystrophy" is used to include skeletal disorders of patients with chronic renal failure: osteitis fibrosa, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis and the frequently associated extraskeletal calcifications. It is the chronic glomerular disease with phosphate retention and resultant hyperphosphatemia on one hand and deficient 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and resultant hypocalcemia on the other to induce secondary hyperparathyroidism. The three most common causes of chronic renal failure in our patients are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy in decreasing frequency, polycystic renal disease occurs in five patients. Other miscellaneous causes include nephrotic syndrome, chronic pyelonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, interstitial nephritis and renal stones. The bone changes are similar in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism and the incidence of brown tumor is about 3% in the former and 1.5 to 1.7% in the latter. We present one among the 94 dialyzed patients who has long-standing severe chronic renal failure from polycystic kidney disease and develops brown tumor in the mid ulna after 7 years on maintenance hemodialysis. The incidence of brown tumor in our series is about 1.1%. Because of increased longevity of the dialyzed patients, brown tumor from secondary hyperparathyroidism is now more commonly observed. Hyperphosphatemia with serum calcium-phosphate products exceeding plasma solubility of 60 to 75 mg/dl may induce soft tissue and vascular calcification. This explains the much higher incidence of soft tissue calcification in secondary than primary hyperparathyroidism; two of our patients with generalized Monckeberg's type arterial calcification and multiple periarticular calcifications in five patients have been observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal osteodystrophy. 164 77

In order to determine the pathogenic responsibility of Escherichia coli adhesins (ADHs) in urinary infections (UI), 2,000 different patients suffering different clinical urinary and male sexual gland infections were monitored. The ADHs were determined by agglutination techniques with human and guinea-pig red blood cells, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and latex sensitized with GAL-GAL. In uncomplicated UIs, the possession of ADH is the main invasion mechanism for E. coli. The rate of E. coli ADH strains is very high (89%) in acute cases (727 of 818 cases: 310 of 362 cystitis; 104 of 113 recidivant cystitis; 120 of 126 pyelonephritis; 158 of 173 prostatitis, and 34 of 43 orchiepididymitis) and rare (10%) in asymptomatic or chronic cases (24 of 235 cases: 14 of 148 bacteriurias; 8 of 74 prostatitis, and 2 of 13 orchiepididymitis). A close relation is established between the presence of ADH and clinical symptoms. 90% (218 of 242) of acute cases with systemic symptoms are due to MR-type ADH strains, especially the P subtype. 71% (409 of 576) of acute cases with local symptoms are due to MS-type ADH strains. In complicated UIs the expression of ADH is not an essential condition for the invasion of the urinary apparatus. It has been strongly suggested that males are significantly more resistant to UI, both in the tract and parenchyma, than women. It can be deduced that the underlying disease is more liable to UI the lower the adherence level shown by isolated strains. Thus catheters, reflux and neurogenic bladder are, by far, more aggressive alterations than the prostatic adenoma, vesical tumor or lithiasis.
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PMID:Frequency and distribution of uropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesins: a clinical correlation over 2,000 cases. 168 Jun 92

One thousand five hundred strains obtained from patients suffering from different clinical forms of urinary infections (UI) and dependent glands have been studied with the aim of establishing the pathogenic responsibility of E. coli adhesion protein (ADH) in urinary infections (UI). ADH were determined using agglutination techniques with guinea pig and human red cells, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae spores and GAL-GAL sensitized latex. In non complicated UI, the presence of ADH is the main invasion mechanism for E. coli. The frequency of adherent strains is very high (569/648) in acute cases (207/247 cystitis + 69/98 recurrent cystitis + 108/114 pyelonephritis + 140/154 prostatitis + 28/35 orchyepidimitis and scarce (14/184) in asymptomatic or chronic cases (6/107 bacteriurias + 7/67 prostatitis + 1/10 orchyepidimitis). A close relationship is established between the presence of ADH and clinical symptoms. The acute cases with general symptoms are caused in 85% of cases (188/216) by strains with ADH type MR specially subtype P. The acute cases with local symptoms (only urinary syndrome) are caused in 77% of cases (297/387) by strains with ADH type Ms. In complicated UI the expression of adhesion proteins does not constitute and essential requisite in order to invade the urinary tract. It is suggested that males are significantly more resistant the females to UI both parenchymal and urinary tract. It is deduced that underlying factors are more predisposing to UI the smaller the adherence rate of isolated strains is. Thus, reflux and neurogenic bladder probes are by far more aggressive alterations than prostatic adenoma, bladder tumor and lithiasis.
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PMID:[The role of E. coli adhesins in the pathogenesis of urinary infection]. 168 74


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