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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a retrospective autopsy study of 115 adult patients with haematological or lymphoreticular malignancies or who had undergone transplantation procedures, are presented. The overall incidence of infection was 65%, 123 infections being detected in 75 patients. The bulk of the infections involved the gastro-intestinal and respiratory systems, other systems being considerably less frequently affected. Patients who had received allografts and subsequent immunosuppression had the highest incidence of viral inclusions, especially cytomegalovirus. Candida infections were more common than aspergillosis, and severe fungal infections were most frequent in patients with acute leukaemia who had been treated aggressively. The only other mycosis detected was cryptococcosis. Bacterial pneumonia was the most frequent infection over-all (36%). Tuberculosis, pyelonephritis and Pneumocystis pneumonitis were also encountered.
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PMID:The incidence of infections in compromised patients at Groote Schuur hospital. An autopsy study. 34 75

We present the first reported case of Candida pyelonephritis in a spinal cord injured patient. In addition to multiple courses of empiric antibiotics, the neurogenic bladder and alteration in cell-mediated immunity found in spinal cord injured patients may have increased this patient's susceptibility to fungal disease. A 50-year-old patient with C5 motor functional quadriplegia developed Candid albicans pyelonephritis while undergoing rehabilitation. The patient had several surgical procedures and multiple courses of antibiotic therapy during acute hospitalization. He continued to have a hectic fever curve, leukocytosis with increased band forms, lethargy, and progressive uremia during rehabilitation. Successful investigation of the patient's condition included assessment of serologic tests for Candida precipitin antigen; multiple blood and urine cultures; exclusion of other causes of hectic fever; abdominal computerized tomogram, which revealed a left kidney hypodensity with irregular margins; and a retrograde pyelogram, which demonstrated multiple renal pelvic-filling defects. Cystoscopically placed ureteral stents, which relieved the genitourinary obstruction, drained gross pus from which Candida albicans was cultured; the patient was treated with amphotericin B and showed clinical improvement. Pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Candida pyelonephritis are reviewed.
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PMID:Candida pyelonephritis complicating traumatic C5 quadriplegia: diagnosis and management. 199 62

Primary renal aspergillosis has been reported only five times previously. We report the first case with primary renal aspergillosis where reconstructive and not extirpative surgery was used. Patients who have predisposing factors such as diabetes, malignancies, or immunosuppression represent the primary target for fungal infection. In these patients the clinical picture of nonspecific and fungal pyelonephritis are similar. Therefore fungal infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Primary renal aspergillosis. 267 56

The sonographic findings and differential diagnoses of a wide spectrum of acute and chronic renal inflammatory processes are reviewed. These include focal and diffuse forms of bacterial nephritis, pyonephrosis, intra- and extrarenal abscess, renal tuberculosis and fungal infection, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and renal parenchymal malakoplakia. The role of ultrasound in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with these diseases is discussed.
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PMID:Sonography of renal inflammatory disease. 330 5

In addition to plain films and conventional excretory urography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and radionuclide scanning may contribute to the assessment of a wide spectrum of renal inflammatory diseases. This article discusses the role of contemporary imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of patients with renal inflammatory lesions, including acute focal and diffuse bacterial infections, intra- and extrarenal abscess collections, pyonephrosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, fungal infection, tuberculosis, and malakoplakia of the upper urinary tract.
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PMID:Contemporary imaging of renal inflammatory disease. 333 66

We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis that was proved by histological examination and culture to be caused by Candida albicans. The fungal infection caused ureteral obstruction. Nephrectomy alone resulted in complete recovery.
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PMID:Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida albicans. 371 22

Fifty-two intravenous pyelographic examinations performed in diabetic patients, over a period of ten years, were studied. Certain radiological patterns proved sufficiently specific to be of diagnostic use. The main function of radiology was in follow-up studies and in the detection of complications. A variety of patterns are described: pyelonephritis, renal emphysema, papillary necrosis, perinephric abscess, emphysematous cystitis, fungal infection, neurogenic bladder and calcification in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, uterine artery and branches of the renal artery. The problem of intravenous injection of iodine contrast media in diabetic patients is discussed and risk factors are described. It is concluded that although iodine contrast media can be harmful, complications are usually mild.
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PMID:[Radiological aspects of the urinary tract in diabetic patients]. 630 5

The authors report on a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis occurring in a diabetic patient and caused by Candida albicans. The fungal infection was proved by urine culture and histological examination of the nephrectomy specimen. The patient deceased despite intensive medical therapy and nephrectomy.
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PMID:[Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida albicans. Apropos of a new case]. 783 96

A new, non-invasive technique recently described for the treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis was performed on four dogs. The antimycotic agent used was a 10 per cent enilconazole suspension, with the drug left in situ for a period of one hour. None of the dogs responded to single treatment. One dog died from an acute septic response secondary to pyelonephritis and bacterial endocarditis eight days after a second treatment. A second dog responded completely to a second treatment and remained free of fungal disease for a follow-up period of 11 months. In the remaining two dogs, extensive and profuse fungal growth was seen on rhinoscopic re-examination. Conventional treatment, with tube implantation into the frontal sinuses and nasal irrigation for two weeks, was performed. Successful resolution of infection was obtained. Although the new, non-invasive technique was simple to carry out and well tolerated by the dogs, instillation of 10 per cent enilconazole appears to have poor therapeutic efficacy and exacerbated fungal growth in two of the animals.
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PMID:Treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis with a new non-invasive technique. Failure with enilconazole. 963 56

Fungal infections of the urinary tract, especially those caused by Candida species, are becoming increasingly common. Often the line between Candida colonization and infection is blurred. Diagnosis typically depends on the discovery of pyuria with high colony Candida counts in the urine. To date, there have been few studies to have addressed treatment regimens for patients with candiduria. Fluconazole has become a mainstay of therapy; however, questions regarding when to treat, whom to treat, and how long to treat are still largely unanswered. Asymptomatic nosocomial candiduria does not frequently require treatment intervention, because morbidity is low and ascending infection and candidemia are rare complications. Treatment decisions are driven by an understanding of the anatomic site of infection. For Candida cystitis, the first-line treatment is fluconazole, given orally. Ascending pyelonephritis usually requires the administration of a systemic antifungal agent and often requires correction of the obstruction or surgical drainage. More research is needed to define diagnostic criteria and therapeutic pathways. This review will attempt to summarize the state of the art of diagnosis and management of candiduria.
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PMID:Nosocomial candiduria: a review. 1134 May 32


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