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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical usage of aztreonam (AZT), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to monobactam, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 patients aged from 1 month-old to 13 year-5 month-old with bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. AZT was administered to 4 patients with pyelonephritis and 10 patients with tonsillitis at a daily dosage of 40.4-120.9 mg/kg and to 5 patients with clinical sepsis associated with agranulocytosis caused by intensive antileukemic therapy at a daily dosage of 142.4-171.4 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 19 evaluable patients were as follows: excellent; 10 cases, good; 5 cases, fair; 2 cases, poor; 2 cases. The over all efficacy rate was 78.9% and that of pyelonephritis and tonsillitis was 100.0%. No clinical side effects were observed in any 23 patients, including a patient who proved to be suffering from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and no abnormal laboratory findings caused by AZT was noticed. The MICs of AZT against 9 strains isolated from patients with pyelonephritis and those with tonsillitis were as follows: MICs against all of 3 strains of K. pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 out of 4 strains of H. influenzae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 2 strains were 0.10 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. aureus was 1.56 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. epidermidis was more than 100 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in children]. 409 60

Blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro by 7 different microbial preparations, and thymidine incorporation was investigated in 7 groups of persons sensitized to the microorganisms and in 7 groups of controls. The sensitized persons were: 18 BCG-vaccinated, 13 with previous Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, 22 who had serum antibodies to Herpes simplex virus, 14 with previous typhoid fever, 13 with previous acute pyelonephritis caused by Eschrerichia coli, 6 with previous Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and 15 tetanus-vaccinated persons. Employing microbial preparations corresponding to the type of sensitization, higher responses were obtained with PPD, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Herpes simplex virus, Salmonella typhi and tetanus toxoid in sensitized than in controls, but the responses to E. coli and H. influenzae were similar. In each experiment a dose titration of the microbial preparation was carried out. The best separation between sensitized and non-sensitized persons was obtained at low concentrations, giving submaximal stimulation. It is concluded that lymphocyte responses to many microbial preparations are combined of antigen-specific components and of responses to cross-reacting or polyclonally activating moieties, and that the antigen-specific response is best investigated at low concentrations of these preparations.
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PMID:Specificity of lymphocyte stimulation in vitro by microbial preparations: importance of antigen concentration. 617 67

In two studies Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the upper urinary tracts of seven of 80 patients with symptoms of acute pyelonephritis and three of 18 patients with signs of acute exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis. M. hominis was not recovered from the upper urinary tract of 22 patients with chronic pyelonephritis without acute exacerbation or from 60 patients with noninfectious urinary tract disease. In an additional study, specimens were cultured from patients with antibodies to M. hominis in urine. All of these patients had acute pyelonephritis; M. hominis was isolated from the upper urinary tract of seven patients. Thus, M. hominis was cultured from the upper urinary tract of a total of 17 patients. No other microorganisms were recovered from 12 of these patients. The titer of antibody to M. hominis significantly increased or decreased in the serum of 13 patients, and antibodies were demonstrated in the urine of nine. These results suggest that M. hominis may be a cause of acute pyelonephritis in humans; the organism is estimated to account for approximately 5% of such cases. The clinical signs of infection in the patients studied were subtle, and the symptoms did not involve the lower urinary tract. The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis due to M. hominis can be established by culture of the organism from the upper urinary tract and its likely if antibodies are present in urine; in contrast, culture of M. hominis from catheter-collected urine or detection of a serum antibody response is not sufficient evidence for this diagnosis.
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PMID:Occurrence and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hominis in the upper urinary tract: a review. 636 6

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

Excess perinatal morbidity and mortality continue to be major problems in developed and developing nations. Most perinatal deaths occur in infants born weighing less than 2500 g. Large expenditures of time, equipment, and personnel have led to striking reductions in neonatal mortality. However, rates of prematurity have not declined. Exploration of proven causes of prematurity and low birth weight suggests a role for infection that has hitherto not received sufficient attention. Women with symptomatic pyelonephritis, even when treated promptly, experience an excess of prematurity and perinatal death, and their children have lowered intelligence scores and neurologic scores. Women with asymptomatic bacteriuria experience higher rates of low birth weight and perinatal mortality, as well as symptomatic pyelonephritis, and these are preventable by screening and treatment during pregnancy. Recent evidence also suggests that genital mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis) are a cause of prematurity and that treatment of women colonized with these organisms results in significant reduction in prematurity rates.
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PMID:Infectious disease and perinatal morbidity. 718 23

Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas), Mycoplasma hominis, M. fermentans, M. primatum, M. Salivarium and M. pneumoniae have been isolated from the genitourinary tract. The first two of these microorganisms are found most frequently. M. hominis is a cause of some cases of postpartum and postabortal fever, acute pyelonephritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Ureaplasmas have been associated with chorioamnionitis, habitual spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, the urethral syndrome in women, and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men; but the difficulty of proving an etiological relationship is emphasized. However, in NGU there is accumulating evidence to indicate that ureaplasmas cause some cases. Some patients suffering from NGU, from whom ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas and chlamydiae cannot be isolated, respond to tetracycline therapy. This has suggested that a tetracycline-sensitive microorganism might be responsible. In this context, the isolation of a glucose-metabolizing mycoplasma from the genitourinary tracts of 2 of 13 men with NGU is of interest. This mycoplasma, serologically different from all other tested, has the structural and biological features of a pathogenic organism.
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PMID:Urogenital mycoplasma infections of man: a review with observations on a recently discovered mycoplasma. 728 95

A 59-yr-old male alcoholic with bilateral nephrocalcinosis and upper urinary tract stones presented with fever, acute abdominal signs and ascites. Laparotomy revealed the presence of 1.5 litres of ascitic fluid and confirmed right-sided acute pyelonephritis. Culture of urine from the renal pelvis obtained during surgery was positive for Mycoplasma hominis. Initial therapy with cefuroxime failed and doxycycline was later initiated when culture was positive for Mycoplasma hominis, with definite clinical improvement. This is an unusual case of acute pyelonephritis with peritoneal signs and ascites due to Mycoplasma hominis in an elderly male who had no recent history of urinary tract instrumentation.
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PMID:Acute pyelonephritis caused by Mycoplasma hominis. 760 55

Colonization/infection of the genitals with Mycoplasma, group B Streptococci, and Chlamydia was studied in pregnant women. The course of gestation in women colonized with microorganisms was frequently aggravated by threatened spontaneous abortions, high incidence of hydramnion, late gestoses, pyelonephritis. For the newborns a reduced body mass and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality were characteristic. Transfer of microorganisms to the fetus and newborn was observed in 40-50% of cases and was not always associated with development of a disease. In cases of lethal outcomes of a neonatal disease pneumonia and placentitis were the constant morphological manifestations of the infection. In streptococcal and mycoplasmic infection the inflammation in the placenta was diffuse, involving the decium both in the placenta and in the extraplacental membranes.
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PMID:[Infection and bacterial colonization of urogenital system in pregnancy, its effect on the clinical course of pregnancy, fetus and newborn]. 776 41

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are common inhabitants of the human genital tract. Evidence for an aetiological role in pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, post-abortion and post-partum fever has been presented. There are sporadic reports of Mycoplasma causing serious extragenital infection such as septicemia, septic arthritis, neonatal meningitis and encephalitis. We review 38 cases of surgical infections with Mycoplasma.
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PMID:Surgical infections with Mycoplasma: a brief review. 911 82

As many as 254 patients with acute pyelonephritis were evaluated for the whole range of possible inflammatory process pathogens with the aid of automatic microbiological system [symbol: see text]. Urine from the urinary bladder, renal pelves (as directed) was studied as was biopsy specimen of the kidney. Analysis of species range of the identified organisms showed Escherichia coli, Proteus, and mycoplasma, enterobacter, coccal flora and pseudomonads to be in 27.9%, 15.9%, 14.9%, 8.6%, and 5.5% respectively. Analysis of sensitivity of the discovered bacteria toward a wide range of antibacterial preparations permitted recommending for an urgent antiinflammatory therapy thienam, ophloxacin, cyprophloxacin, pephloxacin, norphloxacin, cephoxitin, and cephtriaxone. The form of the preparation (parenteral or peroral) will be prescribed depending upon the gravity of the course of acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[The validation of empirical emergency antibacterial therapy in acute pyelonephritis]. 913 28


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