Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The term biliary pseudolithiasis was coined by Schaad (1988) to describe the appearance of gallbladder sludge following treatment with ceftriaxone. After cessation of the drug the condition resolves, hence the term "pseudolithiasis." The third generation cephalosporin, cefatriaxone, is a very potent, broad spectrum antibiotic indicated in meningitis, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, Lyme disease and many other severe infectious diseases. Up to 46% of those receiving this antibiotic develop gallbladder sludge. Most are asymptomatic, but a small proportion may develop right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting and even cholecystitis. Ultrasonography may demonstrate many, small, echogenic particles within the gallbladder, as well as larger echogenic foci casting acoustic shadows. However, it can not differentiate these pseudostones from real stones. There are reports of surgical intervention in such cases. 2 boys, aged 5 and 10 years, respectively, treated with ceftriaxone for meningitis are presented. Both developed symptoms during treatment and in both gallbladder sludge was identified by ultrasonography. In 1 intraluminal gallbladder findings were identical with the appearance of surgical stones. Follow-up ultrasonography after the drug was stopped showed no evidence of pseudostones in either case. Awareness of this phenomena might save many unnecessary operations.
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PMID:[Sonographic demonstration of pseudo-cholelithiasis after ceftriaxone]. 799 84

The subject of this review is the rational prescribing of antimicrobial agents for the therapy of serious community-acquired infections in hospitalised infants and children. First, cost-containment strategies such as streamlining of antibacterial therapy, outpatient parenteral antibacterial therapy and sequential ('stepdown') therapy with parenteral followed by oral therapy are reviewed. In most of these areas, paediatric studies are scant or lacking. Then specific paediatric aspects of the choice of parenteral antibacterials such as penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides and other agents are discussed. With particular reference to cost containment, rational treatment strategies for some serious bacterial infections such as meningitis, occult bacteraemia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, pyelonephritis, Lyme borreliosis (advanced stages) and pneumonia are proposed. In most of these disease, there is potential for cutting treatment costs and studies that compare these newer strategies with traditional treatment regimens are urgently needed.
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PMID:Rational prescribing of antibacterials in hospitalised children. 1016 59