Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Substances having the chromatographic behaviour and the bioassay properties of prostaglandins (PGE and PGF) were detected in the urine of 30 patients with kidney disease and 15 healthy subjects. The mean urinary PGE and PGF values in 15 patients with chronic glomerular disease or nephrosclerosis were significantly lower than those of 15 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and other forms of chronic interstitial nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, obstructive nephropathy or diuretic phase of acute renal failure, and of the mean PGE and PGF values found in the healthy subjects. It was suggested that in contrast to disease affecting primarily the renal medulla, chronic glomerular disease and nephrosclerosis are accompanied by a decrease of renal prostaglandin synthesis and/or release.
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PMID:Urinary prostaglandins in kidney disease. 55 98

This report describes a case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome identified in a 24-month-old boy. Significant renal involvement was present with right-sided vesicoureteral reflux, cystocele, urinary tract infections, and growth arrest of the right kidney. After the development of hypertension a left renal biopsy was performed to determine if bilateral renal disease was present. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the left kidney are described. These changes appear to be unrelated to pyelonephritis or hypertension and to be most consistent with the nephropathy of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.
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PMID:Renal histopathological changes in a child with Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. 59 46

Thirty-nine cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis associated with renal disease are included. They were investigated for renal function, serum and urinary immunoglobulins, some serological tests, and bacteriological studies for evidence of associated salmonellosis. Renal biopsy was obtained from 23 subjects and studied by light microscopy. It was possible to distinguish two groups of cases "salmonella-negative" and "salmonella-positive". The former group was characterized by marked glomerular lesions, mainly membrano-proliferative, in different phases of evolution. Salmonella-positive cases were categorized into those with clinical, laboratory and histological evidence of interstitial nephropathy (six cases), that seems to result from salmonella pyelonephritis; and those with overt glomerular lesions (17 cases). The latter group differed from salmonella-negative cases in having mainly proliferative glomerular lesions with minimal or no basement membrane thickening; the lesions were diffuse and appeared in the same stage of evolution. The possible relation of schistosomiasis and associated salmonellosis to the pathogenesis of these lesions is discussed, suggesting an immunological basis for the glomerular injury and outlining the possible significance of hepatic fibrosis.
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PMID:Renal disease in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: a clinicopathological study. 59 92

The Diaphane-program instituted under the authority of the French Society of Nephrology has been steadily expanding since 1972. By December 1977, about 1500 patients treated in 30 public and private Dialysis Centres were followed up by this system. Full coverage of expenses is provided by the participating Centres. The statistical work presented in this report involves 1572 adult patients treated between June 1972 and December 1976 in 24 dialysis centres. The amount of collected data and the duration of the observation period permit to build up evolutive profiles of the population of patients treated in France by maintenance hemodialysis, of the various techniques and strategies used and of the main complications recorded in the patients. 1. Mean age of patients at start of dialysis is steadily increasing, from 40.1 years in 1972 to 48.2 years in 1976. 2. The predominance of male patients, constant over each year, may be explained by an increased proportion in man of chronic glomerulonephritis and renal vascular diseases. The sex-ratio in patients with chronic pyelonephritis is close to the one recorded in the French population. 3. The regular decrease of the mean plasma creatinine level at time of first dialysis recorded since 1972, is probably related to an earlier start of treatment. However, 10.6 per cent of the patients taken on treatment in 1975-1976 still had a plasma creatinine greater than or equal to 200 mg/100ml. 18.7 per cent had a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg, and exsudative lesions at eye fundi examination were found in 33.5 per cent. The delay in initiating dialysis treatment may account for the frequency of early acute cardiopulmonary complications such as pulmonary oedema and pericarditis and also for the increase in the mortality rate recorded during the first year of treatment: 12.1 per cent instead of 6.2 per cent during the second year. This particularly relevant for the younger age group of patients. 4. There seems to be some social disparity concerning the detection of renal disease and the conditions under which dialysis treatment is started: chronic renal disease is detected at an earlier stage and dialysis treatment initiated for lower values of plasma creatinine and of diastolic blood pressure in patients belonging to the "higher income" group of population. 5. The percentage of patients dialysed twice a week is steadily increasing, whereas the average weekly dialysis time decreases, being about 15 hours in 1976. Day and evening dialysis replace overnight dialysis. Disposable flat-plate dialysers are used increasingly. 6. Episodes of hypotension and cramps are the incidents most frequently recorded during the dialysis sessions. Risk factors evidenced in the occurrence of hypotensive accidents are: the female sex, age greater than or equal to 55 years in males, orthostatic blood pressure drop at the end of previous dialysis, weight loss of more than 4 per cent of total body weight during dialysis...
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PMID:[Dialysis-computer program. IV. Summary report. Epidemiology of complications]. 60 11

Blood pressure should be routinely measured in all infants and children. Measurements should be performed with an appropriate size cuff and observed pressures compared to normal values for age. Elevated blood pressure is seen in one to ten percent of children, depending on the age group surveyed and the definition of hypertension selected. Thirty to fifty percent of children with elevated blood pressures are asymptomatic. The remainder have symptoms which are nonspecific, including headaches, visual disturbances, seizures, congestive heart failure, and facial palsy. Hypertension in children, unlike hypertension in the adult, usually has a definite cause which often responds to adequate medical and/or surgical treatment. For this reason, children with well-confirmed hypertension should be thoroughly evaluated. The most common causes of hypertension found in children are renal disease (pyelonephritis, vascular disease, structural malformations) and coarctation of the aorta. An approach to the child with transient or persistent hypertension is described. Diagnostic studies should be individualized and should follow clinical clues where possible. Medical management of the child with acute hypertension is discussed.
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PMID:Elevated blood pressures in infants and children. 62 65

Morphological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pyelonephritis are discussed particularily considering macroscopic features. A special form with radiological significance is ncrotizing "emphysematous" pyelonephritis. Chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis is rarer than formerly thought if strict morphological criteria are applied. It should be differentiated from nephropathy caused by analgetics. In analgesic nephropathy bilateral papillary necrosis is the earliest and most characteristic alteration. Differentiation between chronic pyelonephritis and analgesic nephropathy is possible in most cases but may be difficult if analgesic nephropathy is complicated by bacterial infection. A classification of "unilateral small kidney" is presented. Unilateral acquired "renal shrinkage" should be differentiated from congenital "unilateral hypoplasia". It remains to be discussed whether the so-called "Ask-Upmark-Kidney" is a malformation or the result of chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Pathologic features in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. 62 16

A 4-year-old girl, who had been in perfect health, presented with the acute onset of renal failure and abdominal mass. Investigations revealed a solitary left kidney which on histology had the typical features of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The child had no previous history suggestive of chronic renal disease and had no radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy. She had no improvement in renal function and has gone on to hemodialysis and transplantation. The unique mode of presentation and the unusual features of this case are discussed.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis-presentation as acute renal failure in a child with a solitary kidney. 67

Study of case-notes and autopsy reports of patients with renal disease suggests that analgesic nephropathy is responsible for at least 12 per cent of cases of chronic renal failure, Between 1970 and 1975 eight new cases of analgesic nephropathy were seen annually in a population of three-quarters of a million. This is equivalent to an incidence of 490 new cases per year in England and Wales. Fifty-five patients with analgesic nephropathy were followed from one to 84 months for a total of 190 patient years. Changes in renal function were correlated with bacteriuria, hypertension and analgesic consumption. One-third of the cases had been misdiagnosed and analgesic abuse was only revealed by thorough examination of case-notes and autopsy records, together with careful questioning of patients and relatives. A number of cases had been classified as chronic pyelonephritis. The calculated survival rate at five years was 44 per cent. Mortality was related to the level of analgesic consumption and the degree of renal failure at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis was poor if serum creatinine at presentation was greater than 400 mumol/l. There was no significant correlation between deterioration in renal function and bacteriuria or hypertension. Forty-two per cent of the patients were taking analgesics for arthritis; 27 per cent had rheumatoid arthritis. Most had been taking large quantities of analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin. Renal papillary necrosis was present in only 26 per cent on intravenous urography but was found in all those examined at autopsy. Twenty thousand, two hundred and twenty-nine autopsy reports were examined for the presence of renal disease. Renal papillary necrosis was found in 0.41 per cent, and could be attributed to analgesic nephropathy in 24 per cent. In patients under 65 years of age analgesic nephropathy appeared to be a more frequent cause of death than chronic pyelonephritis. The report indicates the need for careful enquiry about analgesic consumption in all patients with renal disease, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and cessation of analgesics in suspected cases of analgesic nephropathy.
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PMID:Analgesic nephropathy: an important cause of chronic renal failure. 67 50

There is one renal disease in which unilateral estimation of GFR is desirable for clinical purposes: chronic pyelonephritis. Considering the possibilities for complications to determine unilateral renal function by ureter catheter just in this group of patients, we tried to estimate unilateral GFR with 66mTc-DTPA after a single injection of 5 mCi i.v. on the basis of blood samples at 90, 110 and 130 min after injection and evaluation of gamma-camera data from 25 to 35 min after administration of the dose. 31 patients were studied. In arenal patients clearance values were 7.5 ml/min (+/- 10.47 ml/min), unilaterally nephrectomized patients showed zero values for the removed kidney. Normal patients had a mean GFR of 107 +/- 17.7 ml/min with a partition between right and left kidney of 54.2 +/- 10 to 52.75 +/- 8.5 ml/min. Patients without urinary tract obstruction and unilateral renal disease had values of 27.1 +/- 11 ml/min for the diseased kidney while the normal kidneys gave a mean value of 59.6 ml/min (+/- 13 ml/min). In the presence of urinary tract obstruction, data could not be correlated to the state of renal function. This shows that unilateral estimation of GFR using 99mTc-DTPA is basically possible, but that it is useless in obstructive kidney disease.
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PMID:Unilateral estimation of glomerular filtration rate with 99mTc-DTPA. 69 96

A case of Turner's syndrome is presented; many congenital defects were detected. Predominant clinical findings were cheilognatoschisis, respiratory distress, caused by congenital bronchiektasis and chronic hypokalemia with paroxysmal attacks of paralysis and tetania. Hypokalemia was mainly due to gastrointestinal losses as a consequence of permanent vomiting in the presence of stomach atonia and hiatus insufficiency or because of "third space losses", while a subileus persisted chronically. Furthermore also a renal loss of serum potassium was evident in the patient's predialytic time. Basic renal diseases were pyelonephritis, renal damage from phenacetine abuse, or probably even a nephropathy due to potassium depletion. Uraemia was controlled by dialysis treatment and by a dialysate consisting of 7 and 6 mmol/l potassium respectively. The result of this intense therapy was physical rehabilitation and the patient finally could resume her professional work again.
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PMID:[Intractable renal and enteral loss of potassium in a case of Turner's syndrome (author's transl)]. 72 52


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