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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients on dialysis were studied in 122 cases. The greatest number of cases was in the 50-59 year-old group among males and in the 60-69 year-old group among females. Infection was the most frequent cause of death (39.3%), followed by bleeding (23.5%). The total number of patients with infections and bleeding was 68 cases (55.7%) and 39 cases (32.0%), respectively. Pneumonia and bronchitis were the most frequent (27.0%) in cases with infections and gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent (21.3%) in cases with bleeding. The incidence of tuberculosis (16.4%) as a complication was high.
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PMID:Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients under dialysis--collected from the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan. 383 5

All 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 Escherichia coli, two Enterobacter cloacae, two Citrobacter freundii, three Proteus mirabilis and one Proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary chemotaxis assay. This observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their ascension to the kidney(s). However, the incidence of motile isolates and their activity in urine taxis assays were similar for fecal E. coli isolates, for isolates from patients with recurrent cystitis and from patients with presumed pyelonephritis (E. coli blood isolates with concomitant E. coli bacteriuria). Thus, the present study of E. coli did not support the hypothesis that bacterial motility is a virulence factor in urinary tract infection.
Infection
PMID:Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. 388 54

The structural basis for the cross-reactivity between the Escherichia coli K13, K20 and K23 capsular polysaccharides is the----)-beta-ribofuranosyl-(1----7)-beta-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate polymer. Monoclonal antibodies against E. coli K13 which require O-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate for binding were further investigated. Such antibodies, of both the IgG and the IgM isotype, opsonized E. coli K13 in vitro and protected against intraperitoneal infection in mice as well as ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A monoclonal IgG1 anti-idiotype, specific for the K13 polysaccharide combining site of a protective IgM idiotype, primed for protection against intraperitoneal infection with live E. coli K13 following K13 injections at four as well as 12 weeks of age, the K13 polysaccharide alone did not immunize and protect. The monoclonal anti-K13 idiotype only primed for protection at four weeks of age. These findings suggest a strong effect of a single idiotype on the outcome of a bacterial infection.
Infection 1985
PMID:Studies on immunity against Escherichia coli K13 with monoclonal anti-K13 and anti-anti-K13. 390 58

The efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin was evaluated in a multicenter study. For 49 of the 78 patients with 79 infections entered into the study, the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of therapy could be evaluated. Toxicity data were analyzed for all 79 infections. Overall, 35 of 49 infections were cured or improved: 10 of 11 cases of pneumonia; 8 of 15 cases of pyelonephritis; 4 of 5 cases of osteomyelitis; 3 of 4 intravascular infections; 6 of 9 soft tissue infections; and 4 of 5 miscellaneous infections. There were 13 bacteriologic failures; superinfections with resistant organisms (i.e., Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas maltophilia) occurred in three patients; reinfection with sensitive pathogens complicated one urinary tract infection; relapses developed of five urinary tract infections and of one case of endarteritis; and bacteriologic persistence occurred in three soft tissue infections. Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most difficult to treat. In only six of 11 P. aeruginosa infections was both bacteriologic and clinical cure achieved. Adverse effects were minimal; no serious hematologic or hepatic toxicity and no adverse renal effects were noted.
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PMID:Multicenter study of the clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of serious infections. 393 Nov 98

In patients with recurrent pyelonephritis, the pathogenetic events proceed through intestinal colonization, spread to the urinary tract and persistence, seemingly uninterrupted by host defense mechanisms. The factors responsible for the deficient bacterial clearance from the kidneys of these patients, and the genetic control, have not been identified. The susceptibility to colonization has been linked to an increased receptivity for attaching bacteria of the uroepithelia, and to an overrepresentation of the P1 blood group phenotype. To evaluate the role of defects in host defense for the susceptibility to pyelonephritis, experimental UTI in mouse strains with known deficiencies was used. A highly significant increase in susceptibility was noted for C3H/HeJ compared to C3H/HeN mice. The bacterial recovery was inversely correlated to the mitogenic response to LPS. Back-cross analysis revealed a linkage of susceptibility to the Lpsd/Lpsd genotype. In contrast, T and B lymphocyte and complement (C5) defects had little effect on the clearance of Escherichia coli from the kidneys. It is concluded that the inflammatory mechanisms induced by LPS are essential for resistance to experimental pyelonephritis.
Infection 1985
PMID:Genetic factors in host resistance to urinary tract infection. 393 16

Timentin (ticarcillin (TCR) + clavulanic acid (AC)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). Infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). The following bacteria were recovered: 10 Escherichia coli, 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Providencia stuartii, 1 Salmonella typhi, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Staphylococcus aureus. The sixteen strains were all susceptible to timentin (MICs determined by agar dilution: TCR + AC 4 mg/l: 0.5-16 mg/l; TCR + AC 8 mg/l: 0.2-16 mg/l). Thirteen strains were susceptible to TCR (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l), and three (1 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, and 1 S. aureus) were resistant to TCR (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l). 14 patients received timentin alone, while two were also given dibekacin. Timentin was given in one-hour IV infusions in a dosage of 9.6 g/24 h (3.2 g X 3) in 10 patients and 6.4 g/24 h (3.2 g X 2) in 6. Duration of therapy was 14 to 16 days in half of cases (range 5 to 21 days). At termination of the infusion, serum concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (determined in ten patients) were greater than 50 mg/l and 3-7.4 mg/l respectively, and serum bactericidal activity (evaluated in ten cases) was consistently less than 1/2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. 393 32

A comparative study was performed on haematogenous experimental pyelonephritis by injecting a Staphylococcus aureus suspension i.v. to homozygous and heterozygous Brattleboro and Wistar rats. The numbers of viable bacteria in blood, urine and kidney homogenates and the pathomorphological scores determined on the tenth day of infection were significantly lower in Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats than in heterozygous Brattleboro and normal Wistar rats. The results suggest that homozygous Brattleboro rats are much more resistant to experimental pyelonephritis.
Infection
PMID:Comparison of the development of experimental pyelonephritis in homozygous brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats, heterozygous control rats and normal Wistar rats. 399 53

The chemotherapeutic properties of the new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin HR810 were investigated in experimental animals. Unlike other cephalosporins of the third generation, HR810 had good activity against Staphylococcus aureus as well as some activity against enterococci. In murine protection tests with these strains, it was clearly superior to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and latamoxef. The compounds most effective in protecting mice from infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae were HR810 and ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime, latamoxef and cefotaxime; cefoperazone was less active. HR810 was less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than ceftazidime but was considerably more effective than the other cephalosporins tested. HR810 also proved effective against localised infections such as thigh lesions, as well as against meningo-encephalitis in mice and pyelonephritis in rats. These results in laboratory animals make HR810 a promising candidate for clinical studies.
Infection
PMID:Chemotherapeutic properties of the new cephalosporin antibiotic HR810 in laboratory animals. 609 78

Most (greater than 90%) Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis exhibit a specific type of filamentous protein appendage known as P-fimbriae. These fimbriae enable the bacterium to adhere to human uroepithelial cells by the specific recognition of and binding to a particular class of glycosphingolipids correlated to the human P-blood group antigens. In this paper a new method for the rapid and reliable identification of such P-fimbriated pyelonephritogenic bacteria is described. The method is based on particles to which the minimal glycoside receptor structure recognized by P-fimbriae is attached. Mixing these receptor-containing particles with P-fimbriated bacteria results in a strong and immediate agglutination reaction. The specificity and sensitivity of this new particle agglutination test proved to be superior to the haemagglutination assay previously used.
Infection 1982
PMID:Rapid identification of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli by a receptor-specific particle agglutination test. 612 18

There is extensive evidence indicating that the capacity of Escherichia coli to attach to the mucosal lining of the urinary tract is a virulence factor in acute pyelonephritis in the unobstructed state. In vitro results using human uroepithelial cells and clinical E. coli isolates as well as in vivo work on ascending urinary tract infection in mice and E. coli strains with genetically defined adhesins support this notion. The biochemical characterization of the bacterial ligands and epithelial cell receptors important for the attachment of most pyelonephritogenic E. coli provides a more sophisticated means of evaluating the role of bacterial adhesion in urinary tract infection: 1) It allows precise diagnosis of the receptor specificity of clinical isolates; 2) The receptor can be used to isolate the relevant bacterial adhesins; 3) The localization and quantity of the receptor in the patient may be of prognostic importance; 4) The administration of soluble receptor analogues or antibodies to the adhesins may be useful for prophylactic and/or therapeutic purposes.
Infection
PMID:Recent progress in the understanding of the role of bacterial adhesion in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. 612 98


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