Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Unilateral parenchymatous kidney disease associated with high blood pressure represents a potentially curable form of hypertension. Surgery may normalize blood pressure in a substantial number of these patients. Curable renal parenchymatous hypertension includes unilateral tubulointerstitial kidney diseases such as chronic pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy, segmental hypoplasia and radiation nephritis, hydronephrosis, simple renal cysts, traumatic kidney lesions and renal tumors associated with high blood pressure. Renal ischemia and in turn activation of the renin angiotensin system is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in most of these patients. In patients with unilateral kidney disease and hypertension, both an operative and a medical therapeutic approach have a high success rate. Good candidates for nephrectomy are young patients with severe hypertension, strict unilateral disease, normal plasma creatinine levels and minimal function of the involved kidney. In unilateral hydronephrosis reconstructive surgery or nephrectomy may cure or improve hypertension in the vast majority of the patients. Surgically correctable hypertension has also been reported in some patients with large renal cysts and renal tumors (hemangiopericytoma, Wilm's tumor, hypernephroma, renal pelvic tumor).
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PMID:Curable renal parenchymatous hypertension: current diagnosis and management. 390 29

Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in weanling rats (3 weeks old) and its effects were studied after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Within 3 weeks, a considerable hydronephrosis had appeared, which did not progress with time. No effect on parenchymal weight was observed, either on the obstructed side or on the contralateral, intact one. Histological examination revealed a marked deformation of the papilla in about 25% of the hydronephrotic kidneys and evidence of chronic pyelonephritis in 40%. However, the inflammatory changes were restricted to the attenuated circumhilar 'edges' of the parenchyma, thus involving only a minor portion of the kidney. The body weight of the animals obstructed for 9 weeks was 12% lower than that of normal, sham-operated controls. In summary, the effect on the renal parenchyma of partial ureteric obstruction, created in the weanling period, was relatively discrete and less pronounced than when obstruction is performed in the neonatal period.
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PMID:Partial ureteric obstruction in weanling rats. I. Long-term effects on the renal morphology. 405 78

A case of combined squamous and intestinal metaplasia of the renal pelvis, associated with hydronephrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, and lithiasis, is reported. The changes are considered to be due primarily to mechanical irritation of the pelvic epithelium.
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PMID:Combined intestinal and squamous metaplasia of the renal pelvis. 577 50

Because a renal scan reflects the physiologic configuration and function of the kidney, it provides information that cannot be obtained with conventional intravenous pyelography. It is particularly useful in children with hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, chronic pyelonephritis, and congenital renal anomalies.
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PMID:Renal nuclear imaging and analysis in pediatric patients. 625 Feb 63

Using computed tomography, the renal parenchymal volume and tissue-plasma ratio of contrast enhancement, with a bolus injection, were measured, and the latter measurement is believed to indicate regional renal function per unit of parenchymal volume. 67 studies were carried out on 50 patients, 17 of whom were examined pre- and postoperatively. Of these 50 patients, 27 had hydronephrosis, 6 had renovascular disease, 4 had pyelonephritis and the remaining 13 were control patients. The product of tissue-plasma ratio of contrast enhancement and the calculated renal parenchymal volume were found to be in good correlation with the individual renal function measured with 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and 131I-hippuran. Since this method is reproducible, the kidney being examined may be seen in more detail.
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PMID:Individual renal function study using computed tomography. 630 2

Unilateral hydronephrosis was induced by temporary ligature of the left ureter in 29 rabbits. In 21 animals so treated, chronic pyelonephritis was simultaneously induced by intravenous application of a suspension of E. coli. Histologic examination of renal pelvic epithelia in animals killed four weeks after the surgical intervention, revealed the following features: 1. Simple hyperplasia of urothelium in 12 cases, 2. atypical hyperplasia - (dysplasia) of urothelium in 10 cases, 3. v. Brunn's nests in 20 renal pelvises; 11 cases of cystic pyelitis, all combined with Brunn's nests, 4. metaplastic transformation of visceral mono- or bilayered epithelium into multi-layered urothelium-like structures in 19 renal pelvises. These changes are observed almost exclusively in the left renal pelvis of animals subjected to temporary ureteral ligature. Atypical urothelial hyperplasia is found only together with chronic pyelonephritis. Hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial changes in the renal pelvis, the formation of Brunn's nests, and cystic pyelitis are interpreted as sequelae of postrenal obstruction or concomitant chronic inflammation.
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PMID:Epithelial abnormalities in the renal pelvis in experimental hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. 634 54

Acute abdominal pain during pregnancy can be of urologic origin. Hydronephrosis of pregnancy can be complicated by symptomatic renal colic, pyelonephritis, and secondary renal abscess formation. In this report, rupture of a hydronephrotic kidney with retroperitoneal urinoma formation was treated by retroperitoneal drainage and internal ureteral until a term delivery was achieved. However, if severe renal hemorrhage accompanies renal rupture, surgical exploration of the kidney with partial or complete nephrectomy may be necessary.
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PMID:Spontaneous rupture of a hydronephrotic kidney during pregnancy. 639 Sep 27

Renal autotransplantation has been a treatment of choice for renovascular hypertension, renal artery aneurysm, complicated staghorn calculi, ureteral disorders and others. The paper reports 5 cases of extensively damaged ureter and discusses the indication and the results of operation. There were three cases of postoperative extensive ureteral stricture. One patient had postoperative ureteral injury with retroperitoneal abscess. The last one showed renal foreign body calculi with recurrent pyelonephritis after ureterocutaneostomy. The postoperative course of four patients had been uneventful revealing well functioning autotransplanted kidneys without hydronephrosis and infection during the follow-up period of 22 to 42 months. However, the patient with the ureteral injury and retroperitoneal abscess died of bleeding from renal vein anastomosis on the 15th postoperative day, since the renal pedicle showed marked inflammatory change including renal vein wall. Subsequently, autotransplantation is contraindicated in the cases with marked inflammation in the renal pedicle. In cases of various other ureteral lesions including long distance ureteral stricture, this procedure is recommended when neither the end to side ureteral anastomosis, Boari's bladder flap operation nor bladder hitch operation is feasible.
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PMID:[Renal autotransplantation for ureteral lesions--the indication and the results of operation]. 639 56

Clinical evaluation was made on cefoperazone (CPZ) and the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Serum concentrations of the drug after a one-shot intravenous injection of 22.2 mg/kg were 77 mcg/ml (30 minutes), 50 mcg/ml (1 hour) and 8.9 mcg/ml (4 hours) and T 1/2 of serum concentration was 68.5 minutes. A 35-day-old female with obstructive jaundice associated with choledochal cyst was given by a 30-minute drip infusion of 26.8 mg/kg of the drug. Serum concentration was 90 mcg/ml at the end of infusion, slowly declined thereafter, and was 47.5 mcg/ml at 6 hours. Its T 1/2 was 395 minutes. A patient with pyelonephritis complicated with right hydronephrosis was similarly treated with 24.4 mg/kg. T 1/2 of serum concentration was not prolonged, i.e., 82.1 minutes, but urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was decreased to 15.9%. (2) Five patients, including three with pyelonephritis (causative organism: K. pneumoniae 2 and P. aeruginosa 1) and each one patient with pneumonia (unknown) and with postoperative infection (S. faecalis), respectively, were treated with 66.7 approximately 96.8 mg/kg/day of CPZ in 3 divided doses for 5 approximately 12 days either by one-shot intravenous or by 30 approximately 60-minute drip infusion. An overall efficacy rate was excellent in 3 and good in 2, and there was no failure. Causative organisms disappeared in all cases. (3) Although one patient was excluded from the study because the diagnosis was supposed to be viral pneumonia, all six patients who were given CPZ did not exhibit any adverse reactions except for mild eosinophilia in two instances. (4) The foregoing results as well as the review of the literature clearly indicate the effectiveness of CPZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 39

The analysis of immediate results of 271 correcting operations for congenital hydronephrosis in children has shown that the operations may be followed by such complications at the early postoperative period as aggravation of pyelonephritis (10 patients), urinal fistulas (8 patients), urinary leakage (4 patients), paraureteral abscesses (3 cases) as well as postoperative bleedings (5 cases) and suppuration of the operative wound (4 cases). The exact performance of plastic operations according to the elaborated method, strict observation of indications and contraindications, complex therapy in the postoperative period were found to reduce the amount of complications.
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PMID:[Early surgical complications of corrective operations in congenital hydronephrosis in children]. 646 95


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