Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Individually housed male AKR/NCrlBR mice used in a chronic inhalation experiment were noted to develop a severe obstructive genitourinary condition. The mouse urologic syndrome (MUS) had one or more of the following features: bladder distension; peripreputial urine staining, alopecia, and edema; paraphimosis; urethral blockage; ulcerative balanophosthitis; hydronephrosis; pyelonephritis; rectal prolapse; and perineal ulcerative dermatitis. MUS was less severe and less prevalent in similarly housed B6C3F1/CrlBR and NIH-Swiss mice used in the same experiment. Epidemiologic evidence within the animal facility restricted the syndrome to the inhalation toxicology area. The effects of intermittent water deprivation as well as wire caging on the development of MUS were studied because these conditions were only utilized in the inhalation facility. Male AKR/NCrlBR mice, caged individually in suspended wire caging or kept isolated in polystyrene shoebox style cages containing wire floorwalk bottoms, all developed MUS within 16 weeks. Mice which were housed directly on hardwood bedding in identical plastic caging remained free of the syndrome, as did castrated males which were kept in suspended wire cages. Water deprivation was not found to be a major contributing factor to the development of the condition, but was found to augment its severity. We concluded that although MUS is probably multifactorial in etiology, housing susceptible animals on wire bottom caging may exacerbate the incidence and severity of the condition in certain strains of male mice.
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PMID:Urologic syndrome associated with wire caging in AKR mice. 319 55

Enzyme levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in the cytosol of renal cortex samples from either normal and pathologic kidney tissue. The mean enzyme activity values, expressed in Units per gram of cytosolic protein decreased in the following order: normal cortex (LDH = 4,299 +/- 654; AST = 522 +/- 101; ALT = 197 +/- 44). chronic pyelonephritis (LDH = 2,360 +/- 876; AST = 297 +/- 117; ALT = 90 +/- 48), hydronephrosis (LDH = 2,208 +/- 1,264; AST = 279 +/- 165; ALT = 82 +/- 61), pyonephrosis (LDH = 1,410 +/- 596; AST = 158 +/- 69; ALT = 23.4 +/- 16.4) and renal tuberculosis (LDH = 1,149 +/- 481; AST = 93 +/- 34; ALT = 5.6 +/- 2.8). The decrease in the enzyme activities paralleled tissue damage and it was shown to affect cellular functionality in relation with energy and amino acid metabolism.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic enzyme activities involved in energy and amino acid metabolism in pathological human renal cortex. 324 90

Three intrapelvic urethral anastomosis techniques were performed on 12 mature male dogs to compare the degree of stricture. The intrapelvic urethra was transected 1 cm caudal to the prostate, and anastomosis was performed using either suturing of the urethra over an indwelling catheter, suturing of the urethra without an indwelling catheter, or apposition of the urethra without sutures over an indwelling catheter. Postoperatively, the dogs were evaluated using clinical urination patterns, biochemical tests, radiography, and pathology. Three of four suture-catheter dogs and one of four catheter-only dogs had normal urinary patterns. Stricture (25-84%) with urethral dilation or fistulas tracts was visible on retrograde, positive contrast urethrograms of 3 of 12 intact dogs 20 weeks after surgery, and on all 12 excised lower urinary tracts. Suture-catheter dogs subjectively had the least amount of stricture. All eight dogs (1 suture-catheter dog, 4 suture-only dogs, and 3 catheter-only dogs) with severe stricture (greater than 60% lumen diameter reduction) had histopathologic signs of chronic, inflammatory urinary tract disease, including four with chronic, ascending lymphocytic pyelonephritis. Hydroureter and hydronephrosis developed in two catheter-only dogs. Complete urethral transection resulted in some degree of stricture, regardless of technique used for anastomosis. Urethral anastomosis over an indwelling catheter appeared to result in a lesser degree of stricture and clinical and histopathologic derangement.
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PMID:Intrapelvic urethral anastomosis. A comparison of three techniques. 333 7

Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in 2-day-old rats and released 2 days later. The effects were studied after 1, 2, 3 or 6 weeks. The obstruction resulted in prominent hydronephrosis, but the pelvic volume returned to normal already within 1 week after the release operation. In most of the previously obstructed kidneys there were small regions with moderately widened convoluted tubules and collecting ducts and minor areas with mild chronic pyelonephritis; these lesions were similar after 1 week as after 2-6 weeks, indicating that they were permanent. Judging from the parenchymal weight difference between the right and left kidney, there was slight reduction on the previously obstructed side at the 3rd week, balanced by hypertrophy on the contralateral side. At the 6th week the parenchymal weight reduction was no longer apparent but there was still evidence of contralateral hypertrophy. Thus, early release of the partial ureteric obstruction prevented persistent ipsilateral parenchymal weight reduction, without ensuring healing of the tissue lesions. The catch-up of parenchymal weight is probably due to the fact that the release was performed before the end of the period of postnatal nephron differentiation. Interference with this period seems to be the main cause of parenchymal weight reduction in permanent neonatal partial ureteric obstruction.
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PMID:Renal recovery after release of experimental neonatal ureteric obstruction. 343 81

Although various complications such as electrolyte imbalance and urinary infection are known to be induced by ureterosigmoidostomy, it is still a surgical technique difficult to ignore since it allows patients to lead an almost normal life without the encumbrance of external urinary devices. At our hospital, we performed eighteen ureterosigmoidostomy operations between 1976 and 1985. Herein, we review the postoperative conditions of electrolyte, renal function and other complications. The patients (16 male, 2 female) were between 53 and 72 years old, the mean age being 61.5 years. The primary diseases were bladder tumor (14 patients), prostatic cancer (2), carcinoma of the female urethral diverticulum (1) and urethral stricture (1). As to the electrolytes, both serum Na and serum K values fluctuated within the normal range. Hyperchloremia was detected in 4 cases (22.2%), but it was only slightly above the normal range and the conditions were more or less stabilized a year after the operation. Although blood urea nitrogen had a tendency to elevate one or two years after the operation, serum creatinine fluctuated within the normal range. During the observation period, only 7 of the 18 cases (38.9%) showed complications, the major complication being pyelonephritis (3 cases). Postoperative excretory urogram revealed slight to medium hydronephrosis two months after the operation in 9 of the 18 cases (50%), but most of these conditions were normalized within a year. Four patients died after leaving hospital; 3 due to the recurrence of cancer and one due to pneumonia. The 14 other outpatients are enjoying a normal life without the use of any external urinary device.
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PMID:[Ureterosigmoidostomy--clinical review of 18 cases]. 344 31

A prospective blinded comparison of real-time renal sonography and excretory urography was done in 202 urologically asymptomatic patients with spinal cord injury who underwent periodic evaluation. Sonography identified 31 of 31 renal masses (100 per cent) (30 cysts and 1 xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis), whereas excretory urography identified 14 of 31 masses (45 per cent). Of the 398 kidneys evaluated hydronephrosis owing to an obstructive etiology was noted in 7, all of which (100 per cent) were identified on excretory urography and 6 (86 per cent) were identified on sonography. Only 12 of the 48 kidneys (25 per cent) with typical changes of chronic pyelonephritis on excretory urography were diagnosed correctly by ultrasound. Sonography identified 18 of 23 kidneys (78 per cent) with calculi compared to 20 of 23 (87 per cent) by excretory urography. Although 127 abnormalities were noted in 202 patients, only 21 dictated a change in management. Thirteen abnormalities were visible on a plain film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder (3 kidneys with stones, 1 ureteral stone and 9 bladders with stones). We conclude that sonography and excretory urography are excellent diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of the kidneys. Sonography, plain radiograph of the abdomen and post-contrast injection x-rays on excretory urography frequently offer complementary diagnostic information. The noninvasive nature of ultrasound examination and lack of x-ray exposure combined with no need for special patient preparation make ultrasound examination extremely attractive in this patient population. It is recommended that real-time renal ultrasound and a plain radiograph of the abdomen be used on an alternate basis with excretory urography for the routine followup of spinal cord injury patients.
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PMID:Real-time renal sonography in spinal cord injury patients: prospective comparison with excretory urography. 351 Mar 21

A previously healthy 2.5-year-old boy developed symptoms of acute pyelonephritis following an acute gastroenteritis. The patient received parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin for 72 hours and then ampicillin for an additional 11 days when the original urine and stool cultures grew Salmonella enteritidis, sensitive to ampicillin. The patient responded very well to treatment, but B-mode renal ultrasonogram revealed a left hydronephrosis and megaureter suggestive of longstanding obstruction of the ureterovesicular junction, later confirmed by other diagnostic studies and by surgical exploration and repair. Salmonella infection has been rarely documented to cause pyelonephritis in children. Obstructive uropathy appears to be a predisposing factor for this unusual complication of Salmonella enteritis.
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PMID:Salmonella enteritidis. A rare cause of pyelonephritis in children. 351 8

In contrast to the majority of renal calculi, in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for upper ureteral stones is still controversial. Some centers recommend retrograde mobilization of the calculus into the renal pelvis prior to ESWL as a routine procedure (UC + ESWL). To evaluate the efficiency of in situ ESWL for upper ureteric stones, we initiated a prospective clinical trial. From July 1985 to January 1986, 122 patients presented with upper ureteral calculi, necessitating a total of 146 different procedures: 88 in situ ESWL; 31 UC + ESWL; 15 antegrade ureteroscopies (URS); 6 retrograde URS; 2 open surgery (ureterolithotomy, nephrectomy), and 4 patients were managed conservatively. Of all 99 patients treated at the lithotripter, 80 patients received in situ ESWL (no emergency case, no location problems): in 60 patients (75%) the stone could be disintegrated in one session; 8 patients (10%) required a second ESWL session due to partial fragmentation. Retrograde mobilization using a ureteral catheter or URS was necessary in 9 patients due to failure of in situ ESWL (11%) and, in only 3 patients, we had to remove the stone by antegrade URS (4%). In conclusion, 96% of all upper ureteric stones suitable for primary ESWL could be treated by a noninvasive (in situ ESWL) or minimally invasive (UC + ESWL) procedure. Therefore we recommend in situ ESWL for these calculi. Primary retrograde mobilization is only indicated in case of location problems (stone close to the spine, obesity, skeleton deformation) or emergency cases (colic, hydronephrosis). Antegrade URS should be performed if retrograde mobilization fails or in emergency cases (acute pyelonephritis, following percutaneous nephrostomy, after clinical stabilization). The rate of open surgery is below 2%.
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PMID:Efficacy of in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper ureteral calculi. 354 48

Cytoplasmic creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured in 39 renal cortex samples from various kidney diseases. The highest CK values were observed in normal tissues (507 +/- 71). The mean values of CK enzymatic activity in the other groups decreased in the following order: chronic pyelonephritis (273 +/- 98), hydronephrosis (233 +/- 102), renal tuberculosis (133 +/- 34), pyonephrosis (96 +/- 46), and hypernephroma (45 +/- 33). The decrease in CK activity in kidney tissue paralleled tissue damage, and affects cellular functionality in relation with the processes that use adenosine 5'-triphosphate, such as the ionic pumps.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic creatine kinase in normal and pathological human kidney tissue. 358 38

The recent published literature dealing with urinary tract calculi during pregnancy has been summarized. Our own experience with 17 patients, (0.08% of the deliveries) in a recent 12-year interval has been described. Emphasis must be placed on the safety and limitations of renal ultrasonography. Excretory urography should be performed in patients with urinary infection not responding after 48 hours of antibiotic therapy, with declining renal function, with massive hydronephrosis on renal echography, or with pain and dehydration from vomiting. The timing of postinjection films is critical; a 3-hour film and, if needed, a 6-hour film are recommended. Criteria for intervention (nonoperative or operative) include calculous pyelonephritis, persistent massive hydronephrosis with impairment of renal function, and protracted pain or sepsis.
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PMID:Renal calculi in pregnancy. 389 20


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