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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Together, sonography and renal isotope techniques can provide greater information than either technique alone. These studies can replace excretory urography in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis and renal infarction. Arteriography is no longer necessary for the diagnosis of a pseudotumor, which has a specific isotope and a helpful sonographic appearance. The diagnosis of a renal abscess opposed to pyelonephritis can be made in a more definite fashion than is possible with other imaging techniques. We believe that the sonogram and isotope studies are particularly helpful in trauma because there is a more realistic assessment of the absence of renal function with isotopes than with the excretory urogram. One may detect hematoma within and around the kidney by ultrasonography.
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PMID:The complementary uses of nuclear medicine and ultrasound in the kidney. 71 88

An investigation was made on patients with cervical carcinoma to test the efficiency of a general administration of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs which are commonly used in urology. The study has been made to analyze the frequency of pathological findings in the urinary tract, in general, and, in particular, the pattern of bacteriological findings as well as antibiogramms at different times of carcinoma therapy. Additionally, consideration was given to the bacteriological situation before the onset of carcinoma therapy and to manifest urologic complications during and after carcinoma therapy. In cases of primary absence of bacteria in urine the therapy preferably used in this clinic was that with chloramphenicol and nifurantin administered up to the 4th week after operation and this was sufficient in two thirds of cases. Conversely, in patients with primary bacteriuria the results of treatment after 4 weeks were satisfactory in only one third of the cases. This poses the necessity of making a more subtle selection of drugs including broad spectrum penicillins. Moreover, therapy has to be continued mainly for women with a previous urological history and for women in whom infections of the urinary tract were observed on release from the hospital. In addition to prevention of chronic pyelonephritis improvement of postoperative wound healing as well as restriction of ureteral fibrosis, hydronephrosis and uremia, as a result of general control of infection are also of considerable importance.
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PMID:[Progress in the prevention and control of urologic complications of the cervix carcinoma. I. Urinary tract infections]. 78 93

This review was done because most texts and some recent reviews do not recognize the obstructive cause. It is important only because of the high incidence of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy. This is so common that it has been given a special name, "pyelitis of pregnancy". We have shown in the monkey that bacteria when introduced into the ureter under low pressure does not often cause pyelonephritis unless associated with ureteral obstruction. The presence of bacteria even with partial ureteral obstruction increases the chances of acute pyelonephritis. Care must thus be taken to eradicate bacteriuria during pregnancy to prevent acute pyelonephritis as has been shown by Kass, especially since vesicoureteral reflux occurs more frequently in the pregnant than nonpregnant primate. When we understand the obstructive cause of hydronephrosis of pregnancy and the effect of positional change, therapy will be more effective. The left lateral position then will not only relieve the pain of acute hydronephrosis of pregnancy but will also greatly assist in the therapy of acute pyelonephritis of pregnancy since it will relieve the associated ureteral obstruction.
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PMID:Hydronephrosis of pregnancy. 82 Dec 1

The phenomenon of ureteral regeneration has been of interest to clinicians, anatomists, and physiologists for many years. The object of this investigation was to study the regeneration of a long pedicle graft of ureter. Regeneration of the pedicle graft over a stent took place in 4 to 5 weeks. At sacrifice 8 to 10 months postoperatively, 7 of 10 operations were completely successful with no evidence of hydronephrosis, obstruction, or pyelonephritis. Two animals exhibited slight dilation of the upper tracts, and one operation was a failure. It is evident from this study that a strip of ureter removed from the ureteral artery will regenerate over a stent in 4 to 5 weeks if the blood supply from the adjacent adventitia is left intact.
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PMID:Studies in ureteral regeneration: replacement of a large segment of ureter with an in situ pedicle graft of proximal ureter. 83 64

The results of an ambulant two-year kidney diagnostic study are compared with those of in-patients from the same period. In 932 intravenous urographies and 616 voiding urethrocystographies the rate of pyelonephritis and vesico-ureteral reflux in girls was significantly higher than in boys (p less than 0.005). Furthermore pyelonephritis was found more often in out-patients (p less than 0.01) than in in-patients. Focal scarring of kidneys occurred in 60% of children with reflux, and only in 6% of those without reflux. The correlation between pyelonephritis and reflux is confirmed. Urinary tract anomalies were seen in 25,8% irregular urographies in 39.3% of our patients. Double kidneys were seen in girls in a statistically higher rate than in boys (p less than 0.05), hydronephrosis and urinary calculi occurred more often in boys (p less than 0.05). Corrective surgery was performed in 71.4% of the children with reflux, follow-up control (54.7%) showed a relaps in no case.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infections and abnormalities of the urinary tract in childhood]. 83 23

We anastomosed the intact, undisturbed vesical trigone to the isolated ileal conduit in 24 patients, most of whom have been followed for 5 years. None of these patients has had any pyelographic evidence of upper tract deterioration. There have been no episodes of pyelonephritis, no hydronephrosis, no renal stones and only 4 of the 46 renal units have demonstrated reflux. These data indicate unsurpassed protection of the upper tracts in those patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
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PMID:Ileal trigonal urinary diversion: 5-year followup evaluation. 87 91

The glomerular filtration rate and pelvic drainage function were reinvestigated after 3-5 years in 50 patients with hydronephrosis secondary to functional obstruction in the pelvic-ureteric junction. Pyeloplasty by the Anderson-Hynes' technique had been performed in 28 kidneys, while 12 patients were not operated upon and 10 had had a nephrectomy. The glomerular filtration rate was determined with the clearance technique and isotope renography. 16 out of 28 kidneys subjected to pyeloplasty and 11/12 non-operated kidneys had a normal renal parenchymal function at the first investigation in spite of severely disturbed drainage function. In the non-operated series the renal parenchymal function was unchanged in 11 patients. Deterioration was observed in 1 kidney, probably because of chronic pyelonephritis. Uncomplicated cases of pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction should not be operated upon unless necessitated by symptoms. A yearly control programme including a renal function test and plain films of the upper urinary tract is recommended for these patients.
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PMID:Renal function in patients with hydronephrosis. 91 46

The clinical and radiological features of pyonephrosis are reviewed, based on a consecutive series of 40 cases. There were 32 female and eight male patients, with a peak incidence in the 50-59 year age group. In 63% of cases the right kidney was involved. Almost all patients complained of loin pain and 48% had lower urinary tract symptoms. In 58% of cases a renal mass was palpable. An anaemia, pyuria and elevated blood sedimentation rate were usual. Plain films of the abdomen revealed enlargement of the outline of the involved kidney in 75%, ipsilateral absence of the psoas shadow in 63% and urinary tract calculi in 60%. At high-dose excretion urography a nephrogram was obtained in 58% of cases and a pyelogram produced in 34%. No single clinical or radiological entity emerged, there being an unbroken spectrum of disease ranging from infected hydronephrosis to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is an increasing incidence of calculi, loss of the renal and psoas outlines and reduced renal function with increasing chronicity of disease. High-dose excretion urography is the investigation of choice since not only may the diagnosis be established but also there precise pathological state of the involved kidney. Further radiological investigation is infrequently required.
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PMID:Pyonephrosis. 100 Aug 95

Considerable functional disturbances of the urodynamics, consisting of hypotonia, hypokinesia, and dyskinesia of the pelvis and upper third of the ureters were detected by television excretory pyeloscopy and motion-picture urography in female rabbits after prolonged administration of progesterone and estradiol dipropionate. These findings suggest a role of hormonal imbalance in the pathogenesis of disorders of the urodynamics that are the possible causes of development of pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other diseases of the kidneys in women.
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PMID:Disturbance of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract as a result of hormonal imbalance. 111 53

Twenty patients with hypoplastic kidney (12 men and 8 women, left kidney in 13 cases, right kidney in 7 cases) were observed between 1961 and 1971. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 60 years. The anomaly predominated (65% of the patients) in the third and fourth decades of life; in this age the diagnosis of the true nature of the condition was often due to complications requiring examination. Carefully taken history and complete radiological survey are essential for the recognition. The value and characteristic features yielded by particular investigation are discussed. In 8 patients clincial diganosis was confirmed at operation. Most common complications of hypoplastic kidney included hypertension, lithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis and periodic hematuria. In 9 pateints (4 women and 5 men) renal hypoplasia was associated with other anomalies of the genitourinary tract.
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PMID:Hypoplasia renum: a comparative study of diagnosis, clinical course and management. 115 Mar 89


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