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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with suspected pyelonephritis had a strong predilection for growth in kidney tissue. Viable bacterial counts in experimentally infected mice showed that after 96 hours approximately 98% of the total-body count was found in the kidney. Strains of E. coli isolated from cases of gastroenteritis in man and animals had little or no tendency to grow in the kidney. Treatment of male and female mice with oestrogen significantly enhanced the growth of "pyelonephritic" strains in the kidney, but had no effect of any kind on the growth of "gastroenteritis" strains. These preliminary results suggest that oestrogen may predispose to the development of kidney infection in the female and that there is an important link with the virulence of the E. coli concerned. Only those strains that have a natural predilection for growth in the kidney are likely to be influenced by oestrogen.
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PMID:Influence of oestrogen on experimental pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli. 5 May 4

Many discriminative experimental animal models of infection have been utilized in the evaluation of newer fluoroquinolones. In vivo efficacy of many of the newer agents has been shown in experimental models of meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, abscesses of various types, septic arthritis, gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, sinusitis, prostatitis and burn wound sepsis, among others. This review focuses on recent developments in a few selected areas. Although the limitations of animal model studies are well described, these results provide a rationale for the appropriate clinical usage of the newer fluoroquinolones in humans.
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PMID:Evaluation of quinolones in experimental animal models of infections. 186 88

Nine fatal cases of systemic mucormycosis observed in association with renal failure are described. Four patients were hospitalized for chronic renal failure as a consequence of chronic glomerulonephritis, myeloma kidney, chronic pyelonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease, respectively; and five patients presented with acute renal failure. The underlying causes in three of these five patients were gentamycin nephrotoxicity, acute gastroenteritis, and allograft rejection, respectively, and in the remaining two, acute renal failure was the result of extensive renal vascular and parenchymal invasion by mucor hyphae. Tissue invasion with mucormycosis was documented during life in two patients and at autopsy in seven patients. The infection was disseminated in five patients, and isolated pulmonary and rhinocerebral involvement occurred in two patients each. Our observations have shown that patients with renal failure are prone to develop mucormycosis, which carries a grave prognosis if therapy is not instituted in time.
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PMID:Mucormycosis in patients with renal failure. 248 82

A previously healthy 2.5-year-old boy developed symptoms of acute pyelonephritis following an acute gastroenteritis. The patient received parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin for 72 hours and then ampicillin for an additional 11 days when the original urine and stool cultures grew Salmonella enteritidis, sensitive to ampicillin. The patient responded very well to treatment, but B-mode renal ultrasonogram revealed a left hydronephrosis and megaureter suggestive of longstanding obstruction of the ureterovesicular junction, later confirmed by other diagnostic studies and by surgical exploration and repair. Salmonella infection has been rarely documented to cause pyelonephritis in children. Obstructive uropathy appears to be a predisposing factor for this unusual complication of Salmonella enteritis.
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PMID:Salmonella enteritidis. A rare cause of pyelonephritis in children. 351 8

Three young infants who had severe gastroenteritis developed radiological and histological features of renal tubular necrosis. Characteristically the excretion urogram showed renal enlargement with prolonged and heavy opacification of the renal parenchyma and a pronounced increase in density of the pyramids. Subsequent radiological studies showed extensive papillary necrosis. Though these infants are now apparently fit, renal damage has occurred and this may eventually give rise to features indistinguishable from chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Renal tubular necrosis and papillary necrosis after gastroenteritis in infants. 543 61

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on SY5555 were performed in children. The results were as follows: 1. A total of 15 patients considered to have bacterial infections were treated with SY5555. Each dose, 5 mg/kg, was orally administered 3 times daily, for 4-11 days. Clinical efficacies of SY5555 in 13 patients with bacterial infections (1 with pneumonia, 2 with bronchitis, each 1 with maxillary sinusitis, 2 with otitis media, 5 with pharyngitis, 1 each with gastroenteritis and pyelonephritis) were evaluated as excellent in 10 patients and as good in 3 patients with an efficacy rate of 100%. Two patients with viral infection and malignant lymphoma were not evaluated. Thirteen causative strains in 7 species were found in 10 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1/3, Haemophilus influenzae in 2/2, Streptococcus pyogenes 4/4, Salmonella spp. in 1/1, Escherichia coli in 1/1 were eradicated. Only one patient developed mild diarrhea as an adverse reaction. Another patient showed elevated GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase). The abnormality was mild and the patient recovered after the cessation of SY5555 administration without specific treatment. 2. MICs of SY5555 were examined against 33 clinical isolates. SY5555 has low MICs against Enterococcus faecalis and other Gram-positive cocci. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of SY5555 was 1.15 micrograms/ml at a dose level of 4.9 mg/kg orally administered at fasting. Based on the above results and the broad spectrum of the anti-bacterial activities, SY5555 appears to be a promising antibiotics that is usable as a single agent for the primary therapy of respiratory tract infections, skin soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on SY5555 in children]. 769 43

A 66-year old female was admitted to our ICU in septic shock with accompanying signs of gastroenteritis and diabetic-related hyperglycemia. Computer tomography of the abdomen revealed the rare diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Immediate nephrectomy led to a favourable outcome in this dramatic case. Although abscess drainage and broad-based antibiotic therapy are generally the first-line therapy today, emergency surgery would seem to be indicated in selected cases.
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PMID:[Emphysematous pyelonephritis--a rare cause of sepsis]. 982 59

Observing pediatric patients in an OU (whether a pediatric or combined or hybrid unit) has many advantages: better patient care, a decrease in missed diagnoses and acuity, better risk management, decreased malpractice liability, cost effectiveness, increased patient and family satisfaction, and psychosocial benefits. Key principles of observation medicine (purpose, time frame, general patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, administration, CQI, and so forth) are equivalent for pediatric and adult observation patients, but there are important differences. Unique characteristics of pediatric observation patients include specific diagnosis, decreased length of stay, less need for cardiac monitoring, a highly variable admission rate, and a decreased percentage or admission rate to the OU from the ED. Whereas the adult OU is primarily a cardiac-monitoring unit, the pediatric OU is a respiratory and infectious disease unit with a frequent need for an i.v. therapy and hydration. Types of pediatric patients commonly treated in an OU include respiratory illnesses (asthma, croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia), gastrointestinal disorders (gastroenteritis, abdominal pain), dehydration, infections (fever, cellulitis, lymphangitis, pyelonephritis or UTI), overdoses or poisonings, and seizures.
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PMID:Pediatric observation medicine. 1121 2

In contrast to other mucosal sites, information on migration/homing of lymphocytes activated in the human urinary tract is lacking. The expression of lymphocyte homing receptors (HR) on pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) originating from the urinary tract (patients with pyelonephritis, PN) was compared to that on antigen-specific ASC originating from the intestine (patients with gastroenteritis) or from a parenteral site (tetanus toxoid-immunized volunteers). In the PN group, 61% of ASC expressed the gut HR, alpha(4)beta(7,) 52% the peripheral lymph node HR, L-selectin, and 13% the skin HR, CLA. This homing profile of urinary tract-originating lymphocytes was found to differ from both of the two major vaccination routes, intestinal (less gut-targeting) or parenteral (more gut-targeting, less targeting to parenteral sites). This information on targeting of the immune response may prove useful when developing vaccines against urinary tract infection (UTI).
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PMID:Distinctive homing profile of pathogen-specific activated lymphocytes in human urinary tract infection. 1858 60

All patients admitted with pregnancy related acute renal failure (PRAKI) from June 2005 to May 2007 were studied with respect to etiology, clinical features, and outcome of PRAKI. Of 569 cases of acute kidney injury (AKI), 40 (7.02%) cases were related to gestational problems; the age of the patients ranged from 15 to 45 years. Septic abortion was the most common cause of PRAKI, accounting for 20 (50%) cases of which 15 (75%) cases occurred in the first and five (25%) in the second trimester. Other causes were antepartum hemorrhage: six cases (15%), toxemia of pregnancy: six cases (15%), acute gastroenteritis: three cases (7.5%), postpartum hemorrhage: two cases (5%), acute pyelonephritis: two cases (5%), and postpartum, acute kidney injury: one case (2.5%). Dialysis was needed in 60% of the cases and mortality was observed in 20% of the cases. PRAKI continues to be a major concern in our society, causing a high maternal mortality. Septic abortion which has virtually disappeared from developed countries, continues to be a major cause of PRAKI in our society. Hence, there is a need to halt the practice of illegal abortions and improve antenatal care.
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PMID:Pregnancy related acute kidney injury: A single center experience from the Kashmir Valley. 2014 28


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