Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty patients (17 male, 13 female; age 17 to 84 years; normal renal function in 23 cases) with severe bacterial infections were treated with ceftriaxone. The infections was septicemia in 20 cases, a septicemia-like condition in 2 and a focal infection in 8 (2 abscesses of the lung, 2 pyelonephritis, 1 abscess of the liver, 1 subphrenic abscess, 1 meningitis developed from an abscess of the brain and 1 acute intestinal infection). 25 infections were bacteriologically documented, with recovery of the following pathogens: 20 Gram negative rods (including 10 E. coli) that were all susceptible to ceftriaxone (MIC = 0.02 to 0.5 mg/l) except 2 (1 Pseudomonas and 1 E. cloacae), 5 susceptible Gram positive cocci (3 Pneumococcus, 1 Streptococcus and 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis) and 3 susceptible anaerobes (2 B. fragilis and 1 B. melaninogenicus). Ceftriaxone was given alone in 15 cases and in association with another antibiotic in 15 cases (aminoglycoside in 10 cases, nitroimidazole in 4 and fosfomycin in 1). The dose of ceftriaxone was 1 to 2 g per day in 28 cases, 3 g per day in 1 case (meningitis with abscess of the brain) and 1 g every other day in 1 case (chronic renal failure under hemodialysis). Duration of treatment ranged from 10 to 62 days (average 17 days). The usual routes of administration were IV and IM; the SC route was used on 4 occasions. Pharmacokinetic studies of serum levels were carried out in several patients including two who had ceftriaxone subcutaneously; results were consistent with those previously reported in the literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in severe infections in adults]. 353 20

A model of Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis was used to study the effect of complement depletion in an organ-specific, nonimmunological inflammatory lesion in rats. In this model of a local infection, which can be considered to be nonspecific inflammatory stimulus, the depletion of complement by the administration of a purified cobra venom factor did not alter the course of the disease. There were minor differences when the results from complement-depleted and normocomplementemic animals were compared, but the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate was not greatly altered. Therefore, the presence of C3 and a functional complement system are relatively unimportant factors in determining the characteristics of the inflammatory response in a localized infection-induced lesion.
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PMID:Role of complement in chemotaxis: study of a localized infection. 699 44

Gram-negative bacteremia secondary to focal infection such as skin and soft-tissue infection, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or urinary tract infection is commonly encountered in hospital care. Current practice guidelines lack sufficient detail to inform evidence-based practices. Specifically, antimicrobial duration, criteria to transition from intravenous to oral step-down therapy, choice of oral antimicrobials, and reassessment of follow-up blood cultures are not addressed. The presence of bacteremia is often used as a justification for a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy regardless of infection source or clinical response. Antimicrobials are lifesaving but not benign. Prolonged antimicrobial exposure is associated with adverse effects, increased rates of Clostridioides difficile infection, antimicrobial resistance, and longer hospital length of stay. Emerging evidence supports shorter overall duration of antimicrobial treatment and earlier transition to oral agents among patients with uncomplicated Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia who have achieved adequate source control and demonstrated clinical stability and improvement. After appropriate initial treatment with an intravenous antimicrobial, transition to highly bioavailable oral agents should be considered for total treatment duration of 7 days. Routine follow-up blood cultures are not cost-effective and may result in unnecessary healthcare resource utilization and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Clinicians should incorporate these principles into the management of gram-negative bacteremia in the hospital.
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PMID:The Changing Landscape of Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Narrative Review to Guide Inpatient Management. 3285 37