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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

31 patients with a urological infection caused by a bacterial strain susceptible to gentamycin were treated by a single injection of 240 mg of gentamycin. 11 patients (35.5%) fully recovered, the infection was eliminated and the clinical symptoms and signs disappeared. Better results were achieved in patients with infection of the lower urinary tract without pyelonephritis, 7 out of 15 patients (46%) recovered. Out of 16 patients with pyelonephritis only 4 were cured (25%). Of 10 patients with nephrolithiasis only 1 was cured, in the remaining 9 patients the treatment was without effect. In the group of patients who recovered the patients with E. coli infection prevailed while in the group of unsuccessfully treated patients other bacteria prevailed. No side effects were found. The conclusion is that the treatment with a single gentamycin dose could be applied successfully in patients with an infection of the lower urinary tract without pyelonephritis, morphologic changes in the urinary system or nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:[Our experience of treating urological infections with a single dose of gentamycin]. 341 92

A four-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat with recent onset of lethargy and depression was found to have hypokalaemia, low plasma bicarbonate concentration and a urine pH of 7. Subsequent findings of hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis with failure to produce acid urine led to a diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. Pyelonephritis associated with Escherichia coli infection of the urinary tract was also diagnosed. The urinary tract infection was eliminated by antibiotic treatment. For two years subsequently, the clinical effects of distal renal tubular acidosis have been controlled by oral administration of potassium bicarbonate, although some biochemical abnormalities have persisted.
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PMID:Distal renal tubular acidosis in a cat with pyelonephritis. 352 97

To study the characteristics and hospital courses of patients hospitalized for presumed acute pyelonephritis, the authors analyzed 185 cases. Judged by explicit clinical and laboratory criteria, 54% of the patients definitely had pyelonephritis, 22% probably had pyelonephritis, 9% possibly had pyelonephritis, and 16% did not have pyelonephritis. In pretreatment urine cultures, 79% of patients had a single pathogen and 77% had colony counts of 100,000 or more organisms per ml. Non-Escherichia coli infections and positive blood cultures were the only two independent predictors of the concomitant renal stones or genitourinary tract abnormalities that were found in 29% of patients with pyelonephritis. About 15% of all patients continued to have temperatures greater than or equal to 101 degrees F 48 hours after the initiation of antibiotic therapy, but persistent fever did not correlate with a history of prior urinary tract infection, the presence of resistant pathogens, renal stones, or genitourinary tract abnormalities. The authors conclude that many of these patients did not have pyelonephritis, and that certain characteristics correlate with the presence of underlying anatomic abnormalities.
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PMID:The characteristics and hospital course of patients admitted for presumed acute pyelonephritis. 354 68

Fulminant gangrene of the fingers, toes and nose developed in a 57-year-old woman with Escherichia coli pneumonia. Cryoglobulinemia was noted, and the cryoglobulin was identified as IgM-IgG with anti-I cold agglutinin activity. The cold agglutinins possessed potent lymphocytotoxic and monocytotoxic activity and weaker granulocytotoxic activity. Treatment with plasmapheresis, steroids and antibiotics led to complete clinical recovery, although amputation of several toes was necessary. The patient died 1 1/2 years later; the main findings at autopsy were chronic and acute pyelonephritis and acute bacterial endocarditis. This seems to be the first case of IgM-IgG cold agglutinemia occurring during the course of E. coli infection and the third case of fulminant gangrene complicating transient cold agglutinemia.
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PMID:Fulminant gangrene in transient cold agglutinemia associated with Escherichia coli infection. 388 Nov 56

The position selective synthesis of substituted pyrido[2,3-b]-pyrazine-1,4-dioxides is reported. Compound 3g was subjected to a series of screening-tests for antibacterial activity and compared to therapeutical standards. The range of antibacterial activity mainly comprises enterobacteriaceae, above all E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella strains. Activity against gram-positive organisms and Serratia is much weaker and completely lacking with Pseudomonas. Therapeutic activity in septicaemic infections of the mouse is very good, especially in the case of E. coli infection with an ED50 of 13 mg/kg mouse for s.c. application. With p.o. application 3g shows activity comparable to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin in the experimental acute pyelonephritis in the mouse. The activity of 3g, however, is clearly inferior to that of gentamicin.
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PMID:[Pyrazine-1,4-dioxides fused to heterocycles / 2nd comm.: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of substituted pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-1,4-dioxides (author's transl)]. 719 36

Human renal epithelial cells are capable of internalizing Escherichia coli regardless of whether the bacteria are isolated from individuals with pyelonephritis or from healthy volunteers. In this study, we investigated the role of host cell tyrosine kinase activity in internalization. We found that internalization of both fecal and pyelonephritis isolates is blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We found increased intensity of two tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, with relative mobilities of approximately 123,000 and 110,000, in Western blots of extracts from human renal epithelial cells infected with E. coli. The increased intensity of these tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins was observed only in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, suggesting that these proteins could be associated with the cytoskeleton. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins upon E. coli infection was observed in both transformed and primary human renal epithelial cells and in cells infected with several different strains of E. coli isolated from the feces of healthy individuals or from the blood or urine of patients with pyelonephritis. The increased tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins required live bacteria and was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibition but not by protein synthesis inhibitors or cytochalasin D. These experiments establish a strong link between E. coli internalization and host cell signaling through tyrosine kinases in human kidney cells and provide evidence that specific proteins are involved in these processes.
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PMID:Internalization of Escherichia coli by human renal epithelial cells is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of specific host cell proteins. 919 21

The contribution of nitric oxide to host resistance to experimental pyelonephritis is not well understood. We examined whether the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis alters the sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responder (C3H/HeN) and nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice to experimental Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice were implanted subcutaneously with minipumps containing an inhibitor of nitric oxide, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or a corresponding vehicle. Ascending urinary tract infection by bladder catheterization with two strains of E. coli, an O75 strain bearing Dr fimbriae and an O75 strain bearing P fimbriae, was developed in tested animals. Twenty-four hours following bladder infection, the kidneys of C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice were colonized at a similar rate. However, 5 weeks postinoculation, C3H/HeN mice cleared infection while C3H/HeJ mice showed persistent colonization. Twenty-four hours following infection, C3H/HeN mice treated with L-NAME showed no significant increase of renal tissue infection compared to the saline-treated control group. However, L-NAME-treated C3H/HeJ mice showed an approximately 100-fold increase in E. coli infection rate compared to the saline-treated controls in the Dr+ group but showed no change compared to those in the P+ group. Dissemination of Dr+ E. coli but not P+ E. coli to the liver and uterus was significantly enhanced with L-NAME treatment in C3H/HeJ mice only. Nitric oxide had no direct killing effect on E. coli in vitro. Nitrite production by various organs was found to be significantly lower in C3H/HeJ mice than in C3H/HeN mice. Alteration of nitric oxide and LPS responsiveness was significantly associated with the increased sensitivity of C3H/HeJ mice to experimental Dr+ but not to P+ E. coli pyelonephritis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase activity in concert with LPS responsiveness may participate in the antibacterial defense mechanisms of the C3H mouse urinary tract. This phenomenon is strain dependent and possibly related to the invasive properties of E. coli.
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PMID:Inverse relationship between severity of experimental pyelonephritis and nitric oxide production in C3H/HeJ mice. 1022 4

Interleukin (IL)-8 receptor knockout (KO) mice were shown to have a dysfunctional neutrophil response to urinary tract infection and to develop renal scarring. Intravesical Escherichia coli infection stimulated epithelial chemokine secretion and IL-8 receptor expression in control mice. Neutrophils migrated through the tissues and crossed the epithelial barrier into the urinary tract lumen. In murine IL-8 receptor homologue (mIL-8Rh) KO mice, infection triggered a chemokine response, and neutrophils were recruited but failed to traverse the mucosal barrier and accumulated under the epithelium. After 7 days, control mice were healthy, and infection was cleared, but mIL-8Rh KO mice had swollen kidneys, with neutrophil abscesses and high numbers of bacteria. After 35 days, they developed kidney pathology and renal scarring. The results demonstrate that chemokine receptors drive transepithelial neutrophil migration. In their absence, the neutrophils are trapped, and the tissues are destroyed. This molecular deficiency may determine the progression from acute pyelonephritis to renal scarring.
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PMID:Interleukin-8 receptor knockout mice have subepithelial neutrophil entrapment and renal scarring following acute pyelonephritis. 1106 47

Urinary infection is a common complication after kidney transplantation. In some instances, especially with Escherichia coli infections, there is formation and collection of gas in the parenchyma and collecting system of the kidney, giving rise to the condition of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Such a process could occur in collections of urine (urinoma) secondary to ureteric leak in the transplant kidney. This process has not been described so far. In this report, we describe the first case of an infected urinoma with an interesting radiologic finding, a so-called emphysematous urinoma.
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PMID:Emphysematous urinoma in a renal transplant patient. 1168 81

Escherichia coli infections are responsible for significant losses in the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The pathogenesis and the role of virulence factors are not yet totally elucidated. We, therefore, examined 150 E. coli strains isolated from visceral organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis for the presence of virulence-associated genes by PCR. The E. coli strains were investigated for the presence of a total of 17 virulence-associated genes described for diarrheagenic (stx1/2, eae, hlyEHEC, estl, eltI, astA, cdtb), septicemic (hlyA, papC, cnf1/2, fyuA, irp2) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC; iucD, tsh, fimC, and hlyE as well as stx2f). Seven genes were significantly distributed among APEC strains, while most of the other investigated genes could be demonstrated only sporadically or not at all. FimC (Type I fimbriae) was detected with the highest prevalence in 92.7% of the isolates. Most of the strains harboring iucD (88.7%) also gave positive results for tsh (85.3%). Genes fyuA (ferric yersiniabactin uptake) (66.0%) and irp2 (iron-repressible protein) (68.0%), necessary for Yersinia to acquire iron in the mouse infection model, were regularly detected in combination. Moreover, we found papC (pyelonephritis-associated pili) in 30.0% and astA (enteroaggregative heat stable toxin) in 17.3% of the field strains. A significant amount of strains (57.3%) harbored a combination of iucD, tsh, fimC, fyuA and irp2 virulence-associated genes, presumably rendering these strains particularly virulent. These findings provide novel insights into the presence and distribution of virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic E. coli field strains, which will help to more comprehensively characterize APEC in future epidemiological studies. It is assumed that the existence of two iron acquisition systems points towards their important role in virulence. Furthermore, we suggest that characterization of the respective phenotypes in infection models will provide substantial information to better understand the pathogenesis of colibacillosis in poultry.
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PMID:Virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from internal organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis. 1172 21


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