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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serious infections in adults due to group B streptococci have been infrequently reported. We describe 24 such patients. Bacteremic pyelonephritis, pneumonitis and endometritis were the most common clinical syndromes observed. Group B streptococci infections tended to occur in patients with underlying illnesses, particularly genitourinary disorders and diabetes mellitus. Mortality was surprisingly low (8 per cent). Type III was the serotype most commonly isolated, and there was no significant correlation of different serotypes with specific organ-system involvement. Group B streptococcal isolates from these patients were uniformly sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and clindamycin; all were highly resistant to kanamycin. Eighty-seven per cent were resistant to tetracycline. Although consistently sensitive to penicillin, the minimal inhibitory concentrations were significantly higher for group B than group A streptococci (p less than 0.0005).
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PMID:Serious infections in adults due to group B streptococci. Clinical and serotypic characterization. 78 13

This investigation was conducted to study the incidence and the causes of sow mortality in breeding herds. Data were obtained from 24 swine breeding herds with an average inventory of 3755 sows and served gilts for the total sample. Producers were involved for 12 consecutive months and agreed to submit to the diagnostic laboratory every dead or moribund sow and served gilt. The average herd death rate was 3.3% +/- 0.5 (SEM), but varied considerably among herds, ranging from 0% to 9.2%. A total of 137 sows and mated gilts died during the year, and these females had produced an average of 4.2 litters +/- 0.2 (SEM). The number of deaths was significantly higher during the months of July, August and October. The peripartum period appeared to be when sows were most at risk, with 42% of all deaths occurring during this short period of the reproductive cycle. The three major causes of death were heart failure (31.4%), torsions and accidents of abdominal organs (15.3%) and cystitis-pyelonephritis (8.0%). Other causes included endometritis (6.6%), uterine prolapses (6.6%), pneumonia (3.6%), gastric ulcers (3.6%), downer sow syndrome (2.2%), miscellaneous (8.0%) and unknown (14.6%).
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PMID:A prospective study of sow mortality in breeding herds. 188 99

The placental passage and the the therapeutic efficacy of flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) were studied in patients in the perinatal period. A summary of the obtained results is as follows: 1. Concentrations of FMOX in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid obtained upon one-shot intravenous injections to 12 patients were compared with those obtained upon 1 hour drip infusions to 9 patients. It was found that the former means of administration gave higher concentrations that the latter. 2. Concentrations of FMOX in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid at 1 to 6 hours after administration through either method were all higher than MIC80's of recognized bacteria. 3. Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 10 patients with puerperal intrauterine infection, 7 patients with endometritis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis and 1 patient each with endo-cervicitis, amniotic fluid infection, mastitis and perineal wound infection. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 5 patients (21.7%), good in 17 patients (73.9%) and poor in 1 patient (4.4%), thus the overall efficacy rate was 95.7%. 4. Eradication of causative bacteria were obtained in all 8 cases tested, hence the eradication rate was 100%. 5. Mild diarrhea in 1 patient was the only side effect observed. No abnormal clinical laboratory test results were found in any patients.
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PMID:[Study on flomoxef in the perinatal period]. 189 Jul 23

Aztreonam (AZT) was evaluated for its clinical efficacy in a total of 10 cases, namely 3 cases of endometritis, 6 cases of intrapelvic infections, 1 case of puerperal pyelonephritis. The clinical results of AZT were as follows; excellent in 5 cases and moderate in 5 cases, the overall efficacy rate was 100%. No clinical side effect was observed, however in laboratory finding slightly elevated transaminase (GOT, GPT) was observed in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 383 58

We studied a case of xanthogranulomatous (XG) endometritis associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Isolated XG endometritis is a rare entity that may mimic carcinoma as a consequence of the replacement of the endometrium and the invasion of the myometrium by friable yellowish tissue composed of foamy histiocytes. To our knowledge, it has not previously been described as coexisting with a carcinoma. The XG reaction is characterized by pigment-laden foamy cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the foamy cells belong to the macrophage/histiocyte series and are not endometrial stromal cells. Histochemical studies revealed the pigment to be composed of hemosiderin and lipofuscin. The absence of calcispherites or a uniform immunoperoxidase staining reaction for alpha 1-antitrypsin excluded the diagnosis of malacoplakia. We have postulated that XG endometritis has a similar etiopathogenesis to XG pyelonephritis and XG cholecystitis. It is a rare morphologic expression of the clinical syndrome of benign senile pyometrium.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous endometritis associated with endometrial carcinoma. 383 38

Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) is the first parenteral monobactam agent to be used in patient trials. The agent has significant activity in vitro against facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria but not against gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria. Aztreonam was used for a year to treat 106 hospitalized patients with a total of 131 documented gram-negative infections. Important exclusion criteria included granulocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, patients less than 13 years of age, pregnancy, and history of anaphylaxis to penicillin. In this study of 35 men and 71 women, there were 67 cases of pyelonephritis (25% bacteremic), 19 of pneumonia (16% bacteremic), 10 of skin or soft-tissue infections, 9 cases of osteomyelitis, and 6 cases of postpartum endometritis. During the study period, 159 facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria were tested for aztreonam susceptibility, and 144 (91%) were found to be susceptible. Eighty percent of infections were cured by both clinical and microbiological criteria and each of the other 26 infections showed clinical improvement. Eradication of the infecting organism was achieved in 89% of infections without adverse reaction or drug toxicity.
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PMID:Treatment of serious gram-negative infections with aztreonam. 654 72

Septic shock continues to be a serious problem with a mortality ranging from 11% to 82%, depending upon the cause, the time of diagnosis, and the type of treatment. The condition is seen in pregnant patients with postabortal or postpartal endometritis, chorioamnionitis, and pyelonephritis. In gynecology patients it is seen after severe pelvic infection and in immunosuppressed patients with gynecologic cancer. Prompt diagnosis, adequate monitoring and vigorous treatment are essential if deaths are to be reduced. Over the period July 1, 1959, to June 30, 1981, 91 patients were treated for septic shock with a mortality of 18%. Although medical treatment is important, the most important aspect of treatment for most patients is removal of the septic focus.
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PMID:Septic shock and the obstetrician/gynecologist. 708 49

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is rarely encountered in association with pregnancy, but with the decline in other causes of maternal death, is an increasingly important cause of mortality in obstetric patients. ARDS may result from a variety of different types of pulmonary injury; uniquely obstetric causes include preeclampsia, amnionitis-endometritis, obstetric hemorrhage, and tocolytic therapy. Crucial management issues include support of maternal oxygenation and cardiac output, myriad interactions between the pulmonary process and its treatment, with maternal and fetal physiology, and decision making regarding delivery. Our review of the literature suggests that, for the patient requiring antepartum intubation for ARDS, except at a very early gestational age or when pyelonephritis or varicella pneumonia is a cause of respiratory compromise, delivery will likely be required for maternal and/or fetal indications, and an early decision for delivery may be beneficial. Postpartum management is similar to treatment of the nonpregnant patient with ARDS, with aggressive attention to potential surgically correctable causes for infection. Maternal mortality rates are affected little by duration of intubation, and therefore prolonged mechanical ventilation is justified and appropriate for mothers with ARDS.
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PMID:Adult respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy: report of three cases and review of the literature. 917 12

Clinically, it is important to detect mycoplasmas because these organisms have been implicated in gastric and ovarian cancer, pneumonia, postabortal fever, pelvic inflammatory disease, pyelonephritis, endometritis, urethritis, perinatal mortality, arthritis, spontaneous abortion, infertility and interference with sperm development and they act as cofactors catalyzing the HIV disease state. Recently, the combined polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method targeting the consensus DNA of over 15 species of mycoplasmas was shown to be superior for the detection of mycoplasmas. The objective was to determine if there was an association between mycoplasmas and cervical neoplasia. Cervical tissues, histopathologically categorized by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade, flat or exophytic, and acanthosis or koilocytotic, were used. The results showed that mycoplasmas DNA were present in 21.4% of the condyloma tissues and in 33.3% of condyloma tissues with CIN. In contrast, mycoplasmas DNA were not detected when there were no CIN. The presence or absence of human papillomavirus (HPV) did not make a difference. Mycoplasmas DNA were present in 40.0 and 12.5% of the exophytic and flat condylomas, respectively. A higher percentage of cervical tissues graded with slight koilocytosis had (P = 0.05) mycoplasmas DNA compared with tissues graded with moderate koilocytosis. The detection of mycoplasmas DNA in archived cervical condyloma tissues with CIN corroborated previous reports of an association between mycoplasmas and CIN. However, the association between mycoplasmas and the presence of HPV could not be made in this study.
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PMID:Assessment of archived paraffin-embedded cervical condyloma tissues for mycoplasma-conserved DNA using sensitive PCR-ELISA. 982 68

The results of the bacteriological investigation of the secretion from the trachea, large bronchi and fauces of 36 newborns (including 27 preterms) with severe pneumonia were analyzed. 20 of them were born of women with complicating somatic, obstetric and gynecologic histories: candidiasis, herpes genitalis, chronic endometritis, adnexitis or chronic pyelonephritis that could be the risk of the fetus intranatal infection. During the acute period of pneumonia in the newborns within the first 4-8 days of life mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated (51.3 per cent), Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis were less frequent (18.9, 8.1 and 5.4 per cent, respectively). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus anhaemolyticus and other organisms were extremely rare. On the whole the gramnegative microflora predominated. The study of the antibiotic susceptibility showed that the majority of the P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to amikacin and polymyxin B, the isolates susceptible to ceftazidime were less frequent, 20-25 per cent of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone and imipenem and practically no isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. The S.epidermidis isolates were susceptible to rifampicin and vancomycin and in rare cases to fusidin and amikacin and resistant to oxacillin. When the treatment course was more than 15 days, the isolates proved to be susceptible to 1/3 of the presently available antibiotics. Because of the host low protective forces, peculiarities of the infection pathways and high frequency of the resistant strains it is valid to include netilmicin, imipenem, cefoperazone and ceftriaxone to the complex therapy of the newborns along with the substitution immunotherapy.
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PMID:[Antibiotic sensitivity of pneumonia pathogens in newborns and problems of antibacterial therapy of the pathologic process]. 1007 63


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