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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In one regional perinatal network between 1982-1987, 101,506 women delivered infants greater than 500 g, of which 1253 were twin pregnancies (1.2%). This latter group was compared statistically with a 5% random sample of the singletons (N = 5119). The results showed that the women with twin pregnancies were slightly older, had a higher parity, gained more weight during the gestation, and had a heavier body weight at delivery. Twin pregnancies were complicated by increases in hypertension (odds ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval 2.1-3.1), abruption (odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 1.9-4.7), and anemia (odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.9-3.0). There was no increased risk of pyelonephritis, placenta previa, or diabetes mellitus in mothers with twins. The twin pregnancies delivered earlier and the infants were smaller, had lower Apgar scores, and were at increased risk for congenital anomalies. Fetal and neonatal mortality rates were significantly increased in the twin infants; the perinatal mortality rates for twin A and twin B were 48.8 and 64.1, respectively, compared with 10.4 per 1000 births for the singleton controls. When the twin infants A and B were of similar weight, they had a similar perinatal mortality (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.8). For infants less than 2500 g, twins A and B had lower fetal and neonatal mortality rates than did singletons, but twins heavier than 2500 g were at increased risk of perinatal death.
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PMID:A case-control study of 1253 twin pregnancies from a 1982-1987 perinatal data base. 230 Mar 44

This review article discusses the stages in the development of research on group B streptococcus (GBS), otherwise called Streptococcus agalactiae. Emphasis was placed on the bacteriology, clinical spectrum of disease, immunity to GBS infections and antibiotic susceptibility of the causative organism. The organism, first recognized by Billroth in 1873, is classified into order Eubacteriales, family Lactobacillceae, class Schizomycetes and genus Streptococcus on the basis of its biochemical and physiological characteristics. It is subdivided into types Ia, Ib, Ic, II, III, X and R on the basis of carbohydrate and protein antigens present on its cell wall. Bovine strains of GBS are found in the bovine teat while human strains are present in the female vagina, the oro-pharynx, anorectum and the external auditory canal of newborns. It could be transmitted vertically from mother to child in-utero and during parturition. Cross infection by the nursery staff could also occur during the immediate post partum period. Two types of diseases are caused in the newborn: the early disease occurring within a week of birth; and the late disease presenting during the late neonatal period. The former usually presents in the form of septicaemia while the latter presents as meningitis. Adult infections include puerperal sepsis, pyelonephritis and a wide range of other infections. Usually they are associated with other underlying clinical conditions such as malignancy, diabetes mellitus and sickle cell disease. The organism is sensitive to penicillin which is the drug choice in treating established infections by GBS. Control measures are based on treatment of cases, eradication of vaginal colonization and chemoprophylaxis of infants at risk. An effective vaccine may become available in the near future.
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PMID:Review of group B streptococci and their infections. 241 64

Histomorphometry was performed on transiliac bone biopsies, double-labeled with tetracycline, from 60 consecutively admitted patients (20 women) at various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). Eleven patients (1 woman) had normal bone resorption and formation indices. Bone resorption and osteoid formation increased with progression of renal failure, but abnormal values were seen even at slightly elevated creatinine levels. Mineralization lag time increased with CRF duration; prolonged values were only seen in patients with polycystic kidney disease or chronic pyelonephritis with advanced CRF. All patients with impaired mineralization also had increased bone resorption. Diabetes mellitus did not protect against skeletal lesions. The biochemical tests were too insensitive to predict type or severity of bone disease, and hand X-rays had no diagnostic value in early stages of renal osteodystrophy.
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PMID:Renal osteodystrophy in predialysis patients without stainable bone aluminum. A cross-sectional bone-histomorphometric study. 245 77

We have evaluated 283 consecutive hospital acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI) in a University hospital (incidence 5.6% of admissions). In females, spontaneous, symptomatic and younger patient infections predominated, while in males HAUTI were mostly asymptomatic, after catheterization and in elderly patients. Chronic nonfatal diseases--particularly neurologic disease and diabetes--, old age, previous antibiotic use, the postoperative period, and cancer were the major general predisposing factors, mostly because they involved urological procedures. There was an urethral catheter in 78% of cases, with questionable indication or maintenance in 37%. In 65% of cases there were clinical data attributable to HAUTI; however, on strict criteria only 5% of pyelonephritis and 24% of cystitis were detected. Mortality rate was 0.4%. Etiology was E. coli in 29%, Proteus in 13%, Enterobacter in 12%, enterococcus in 11.5%, Serratia in 7%, Pseudomonas in 6.5%, and Klebsiella in 6.5%. There were differences regarding endogenous and hospital flora on the basis of sex, hospital situation, catheterization, mobility, and previous duration of hospitalization. The microbial resistance pattern was high in the hospital flora. The major therapeutical problem was the high number of unnecessary treatments representing the automatic medical response to the finding of a positive urine culture.
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PMID:[Nosocomially acquired infection of the urinary tract]. 249 Aug 55

There are indications that there is an increased risk of chronic renal failure (CRF) in the Negroid race, yet few studies have been carried out in the native 'black' environment. A clinico-pathological study of 100 consecutive Nigerian subjects with CRF, seen over a 3-year period, is presented. Primary chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) accounted for 50, accelerated hypertension for 25, and various aetiological entities for a further nine; these included, chronic pyelonephritis (two), diabetic nephropathy (two), calculous nephropathy (one), toxaemia of pregnancy (one), renal dysplasia (one), tuberculosis (one) and polycystic disease in the ninth subject. In 16 cases, no definitive aetiological diagnosis could be made. Combinations of the following features, protracted hypertension, proteinuria, significant analgesic intake and gouty arthritis, were observed. CGN and accelerated hypertension still remain the leading causes of CRF, while diseases such as diabetes mellitus and chronic pyelonephritis do not contribute significantly to CRF in Nigerians. Recognition of the early features and the causes of CRF would considerably reduce the prevalence of this condition.
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PMID:Diseases causing chronic renal failure in Nigerians--a prospective study of 100 cases. 254 87

One hundred adult Sudanese patients who presented to Soba University Hospital (SUH) with established chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied to determine the aetiology. Thirty-eight had chronic glomerulonephritis, 12 renal calculi, nine diabetic renal disease, seven chronic pyelonephritis, five sequelae of acute renal failure (ARF), four renal vascular disease, three polycystic disease of the kidneys, and two obstructive uropathy. In 20 patients the aetiology was not determined because of late presentation to hospital. The results were compared with those of the developed countries, which differ greatly from Sudan in climate, diet, race, culture and social habits. The main differences were in the prevalence of renal calculi which, although being the second commonest cause of CRF in the Sudan, were rare in European countries. Also, diabetes mellitus was a much commoner cause of CRF in Sudan than Europe. Other aetiological factors were similar.
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PMID:The aetiology of chronic renal failure in adult Sudanese patients. 260 79

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is one of the acute renal infections, its entity can be distinguished from other renal infections by the findings of sonography and computed tomography. There is no evidence of liquefaction in focal masses of AFBN in contrast to renal abscess. We present two cases with AFBN. The first case was a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The second case was a 24-year-old woman with bilateral vesico-ureteral refluxes. Although their initial symptoms mimicked those of acute pyelonephritis, the findings of sonography and computed tomography revealed renal masses. They were treated with anti-microbial agents, and showed rapid improvement on both clinical symptoms and renal masses.
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PMID:[Acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia) report of two cases]. 265 59

A 36-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus complained of left flank pain and high fever. Drip infusion pyelogram (DIP) did not visualize the left kidney, but revealed crescent-shaped gas formation within the left renal shadow. Abdominal computerized tomography showed a subcapsular shadow in the left kidney. Because her symptoms was aggravated, left nephrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis. There was no manifestation of her prior symptoms after the operation, and she was discharged on the 19th postoperative day. In Japan, 43 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis have been reported in the literature. These 43 cases were studied clinically and in comparison to the cases reported in Western countries. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 4 to 1, in contrast to the Western ratio of female preponderance. The age of the patients showed its peak at the 50-60's, the mean age being not significantly different from that of Western patients. 37% of the patients had the affected side on the right, 56% on the left, and 7% bilaterally. This was comparable to the results of Western countries. 93% of the subjects suffered from diabetes mellitus as the basal malady, which was comparable to that in Western studies. However, patients afflicted with urinary passage impairment accounted for 14%. This incidence was lower than that reported in Western studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Emphysematous pyelonephritis a case report and review of the literature--comparative study with Japan and other countries]. 266 95

Primary renal aspergillosis has been reported only five times previously. We report the first case with primary renal aspergillosis where reconstructive and not extirpative surgery was used. Patients who have predisposing factors such as diabetes, malignancies, or immunosuppression represent the primary target for fungal infection. In these patients the clinical picture of nonspecific and fungal pyelonephritis are similar. Therefore fungal infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Primary renal aspergillosis. 267 56

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis is presented. A 66-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was hospitalized for sudden pyrexia and left abdominal pain on January 13, 1987. She had shown preshock, pre-disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyperglycemia and renal dysfunction. Plain X-ray films of the abdomen and abdominal computer tomographic scanning showed a gas shadow in the left kidney. Retrograde pyelography demonstrated the left complete ureteral obstruction. A diagnosis was made of emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with diabetes mellitus and ureteral obstruction. Left nephrectomy was performed on January 17, 1987, and the pus obtained from the kidney yielded E. coli. After the operation, she has been doing well with diabetes mellitus under good control without insulin therapy. Thirty two cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in the Japanese literature including our case are reviewed.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis--review of 32 cases in Japanese literature]. 269 28


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