Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author studied dynamically the content of immunoglobulins in the blood of 40 patients with traumatic lesions of the spinal cord. In 11 of the studied patients there were lesions of the cervical part, in 25 cases--of the thoracal and in 14 cases--of the sacro-lumbar part of the spinal cord. It was established that traumatical lesions of the spinal cord are constantly accompanied by changes in the content of immunoglobulins in the blood, (especially immunoglobulin g). The level of these changes are in a direct correlation with the expressivity of infectious complications (decubitus, pyelonephritis, sepsis), which as a rule complicate the development of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Immunoglobulins in patients with traumatic lesions of the spinal cord]. 66 57

In the eighth year of a continuing study of renal function in patients with spinal cord injury, 78 percent had good function, 13 percent mild deterioration, 4 percent moderate deterioration and 5 percent severe deterioration of kidney function. No single factor was shown to be a dominant cause of decreased function. The factors most frequently associated with renal deterioration were vesicoureteral reflux, renal calculi, recurrent pyelonephritis as demonstrated by calyceal blunting, and recurrent decubitus ulcers, the latter usually in combination with other factors. Most of these factors could be prevented by good medical supervision and meticulous self-care.
 ...
PMID:Renal function in patients with spinal cord injury: the eighth year of a ten-year continuing study. 112 80

The two most common indications for long-term catheterization are recalcitrant urinary incontinence and urinary obstruction that is not corrected by surgery. For incontinent patients, if behavioral changes, nursing care, special clothes, special bed clothes, and medications have not been successful, then a device to collect urine must be considered. For men such a device is a condom catheter; for women an analogous external collection device would be very useful. Suprapubic catheterization may offer an alternative but has been inadequately studied in this patient population. Long-term urinary catheterization has salutary effects for selected patients including patient comfort, family satisfaction, and nursing efficiency and effectiveness. To the patient for whom any physical movement is uncomfortable or painful, and indwelling catheter may be preferable to frequent changes of clothes. Similarly, the family of of severely impaired patients may want to accept the risks of urethral catheterization in order to keep the patient dry. Further, to the extent that the indwelling catheter is effective in decubitus ulcer prevention and/or management, long-term catheterization may diminish the risk of bacteremia or death from soft tissue infection. These benefits of long-term urethral catheterization, in addition to its risks, should be examined in future studies. Once a urethral catheter is in place, even with good catheter hygiene, bacterial entry can be postponed only temporarily; eventually all patients become bacteriuric. Indeed, as the catheter remains in place, organisms continue to enter, others leave or die, and the bacteriuria becomes complex, polymicrobial, and dynamic. Some organisms, particularly recognized uropathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae, appear to reside in the urinary tract itself. Others, such as P. mirabilis, P. stuartii, and M. morganii, probably establish a niche within the urinary catheter, thus increasing their ability to cause subsequent bladder bacteriuria. The complications of long-term urinary catheterization include fevers, acute pyelonephritis, and bacteremias (such as seen in short-term catheterized patients), as well as catheter obstructions, urinary stones, chronic renal inflammation, local periurinary infections, vasicoureteral reflux, renal failure, and, for very long-term catheterized patients, bladder cancer. The thrust of catheter care for the long-term catheterized patient is to prevent complications of the omnipresent bacteriuria. Unfortunately, clinical opportunities for preventing complications are limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Catheter-associated urinary tract infections. 333 61

Staphylococcus aureus remains a prominent cause of community- and hospital-acquired infection. This study reviewed 162 cases of S. aureus infection occurring in 120 adults who were hospitalized at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center and referred for consultation to the Infectious Disease Service. There were 37 cases of skin and soft tissue infection, 5 pyomyositis, 34 osteomyelitis, 13 septic arthritis, 19 pneumonia, 3 empyema, 5 pyelonephritis, 37 vascular infection, 3 epidural abscess, and 6 miscellaneous infections. Bacteremia was documented in 56 of 119 (47%) cases in which blood cultures were obtained, indicating the serious nature of the infections in many cases. Staphylococcus aureus is widely prevalent in healthy persons. Given its ubiquity and the capacity to cause a broad array of infections, an effective host response must play an important role in preventing infection. This host response is immunologically nonspecific, in that it depends upon the effectiveness of mechanical barriers to invasion and, once invasion takes place, the interaction of PMN, complement, and antibody that is probably present in serum of all immunologically competent adults rather than sensitization of B or T lymphocytes by any identifiable antigens specific to S. aureus. Analysis of the present cases calls attention to S. aureus as an opportunistic pathogen, 1 that only infrequently causes serious infection in otherwise healthy persons. Nearly every patient in this series had 1 or more medical condition thought to predispose to infection; 279 such conditions were identified, representing an average of 2.3 per person. A break in the natural barrier to infection was also present in the majority of cases, for example, trauma, wound, or pre-existing decubitus ulcer in skin and soft tissue infections; endotracheal tube in pneumonia; and a catheter bypassing urethra or skin in urinary and vascular infections, respectively. The tendency for patients to be infected with S. aureus repeatedly (mean number of infections, 1.4 per patient) reflects the chronicity of many predisposing factors and, perhaps, of colonization as well. Staphylococcus aureus has a special predilection to cause infections involving prosthetic devices, perhaps related to its affinity for fibronectin, laminin, and other serum proteins that can mediate attachment to foreign material; 46 of 162 (28%) infections were associated with the presence of a foreign body. Such infections are difficult to eradicate with antibiotic therapy alone, perhaps because of a change in the metabolic state of adherent bacteria, and removal of the foreign body is generally required for cure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The current spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a tertiary care hospital. 804 Dec 42

A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a fever of 38.2 degrees C and drowsiness. Two months before admission, he was admitted to another hospital with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. One week before admission, he had a fever which was judged to be due to pyelonephritis. Because imipenem cilastatin and minocycline were not effective in relieving symptoms, he was transferred to our hospital. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was cultured from the blood, and vancomycin was started on the 5th hospital day. Because of the persistent fever and signs of inflammation, Gallium-scintigraphy was performed, showing abnormal accumulation in the left fronto-parietal region of the brain and the sacral region. Enhanced brain CT revealed a crescentic low density area and a fine, intense line of enhancement in the left fronto-parietal region. An emergency drainage of abscess was performed via single left fronto-parietal burr hole. A slightly yellowish, bloody, purulent fluid was obtained. The subdural space was irrigated with saline containing antibiotics and a drain was inserted. MRSA was cultured from the obtained fluid. The fever gradually subsided and drowsiness disappeared. He had had decubitus ulcer, stage I on the surface, in the sacral region, which later turned out to have unexpectedly deep undermining lesion reaching to periosteum. MRSA was cultured from this decubitus lesion. MRSA which entered into blood stream from the decubitus site might have been implanted in the subdural hematoma. Thus, subdural abscess should be kept in mind as an active differential diagnosis in elderly patients with fever and drowsiness.
 ...
PMID:[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus subdural abscess in an elderly patient with dementia]. 1051 61

Six patients died with amyloidosis and four patients are living with amyloidosis out of 1,000 with spinal cord injuries who were studied.No correlation was found between Congo red retention and the length of time since injury or the site of the spinal cord lesion. However, it is felt that the longer decubitus ulcer persists, the greater is the probability of amyloidosis. It is believed that decubitus ulcers with secondary osteomyelitis are of primary importance as etiologic factors in amyloidosis associated with spinal cord injuries, and that pyelonephritis plays a very minor secondary role.
 ...
PMID:Amyloidosis in paraplegia correlation with decubitus ulcers. 1436 92