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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of Corynebacterium renale urease in the establishment of pyelonephritis was studied by the oral administration of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), a urease inhibitor, to experimentally infected rats. The bacteria were introduced by surgical insertion of a zinc disc containing 1 X 10(6) colony-forming units of C-renale into the urinary bladder whereas sterile discs were implanted in the bladders of the control animals. Daily administration of AHA via the drinking water did not halt the development of pyelonephritis. Larger doses, given by gavage, did accomplish this goal; that is, the pH of the urine was lowered, the number of colony-forming units of C. renale in the kidney was reduced drastically, and pyelonephritic lesions were observed in the kidney by light-microscopic examination. All experimental rats developed cystitis in varying degrees of severity. About 70% of the intact AHA given by gavage was excreted in the urine 24 h after administration of this compound. Rats implanted with a urease-negative mutant of C. renale displayed no signs of pyelonephritis but did develop cystitis.
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PMID:Influence of acetohydroxamic acid on experimental Corynebacterium renale pyelonephritis. 2 38

Three cases of Klinefelter syndrome diagnosed late in life are reported with the clinical and post-mortem findings. The diagnosis was suspected owing to the absence of testes and the presence of associated varied clinical features. The urinary follicle-stimulating hormone levels were not elevated and were very low in two of the cases. Bronchopneumonia, ascending pyelonephritis and cystitis were the main causes of death but there were varied pathological findings in the prostate of benign hyperplasia, carcinoma and prepubertal gland. Marked atherosclerosis of the aorta and the lower-limb vessels were present but the coronary systems were little affected. It is suggested that, because of the presence of two X chromosomes and the absence of testes, this condition may give a female pattern of longevity, many examples being overlooked in old age on account of inadequate clinical examination. Some support for this hypothesis will be found if its incidence in the aged is shown to be greater than in the young.
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PMID:Klinefelter syndrome in the aged. 7 Jan 64

The ability to become attached to normal epithelial cells from the urinary tract was much greater in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis or cystitis than in those isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Attachment of the bacteria could be prevented by incubation in urine containing antibodies against the strain tested. The ability to attach to uroepithelial cells might be a virulence factor for E. coli strains which cause symptomatic urinary-tract infection.
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PMID:Variable adherence to normal human urinary-tract epithelial cells of Escherichia coli strains associated with various forms of urinary-tract infection. 7 61

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure was compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test in a serological study of 76 female adults with urinary tract infections. Relative serum antibody activity was determined against patients' homologous infecting enterobacteria by RIA and IFA and against heterologous enterobacterial common antigen (Escherichia coli O14) by RIA. There was marked correlation between results of the IFA and RIA methods using the homologous system; 22 of 51 patients (43%) with pyelonephritis had significantly elevated serum antibody activity by both IFA (titers greater than or equal to 512) and RIA (binding ratio greater than or equal to 2.0) when compared with normal serum controls; three had significant antibody activity detectable by RIA only. Eighteen (72%) of 25 patients with pyelonephritis had RIA binding ratios of greater than or equal to 2.0 against their homologous bacterial isolates and the enterobacterial common antigen; an additional 6 patients had binding ratios of greater than or equal to 2.0 against the antigen only. All 25 patients with cystitis had low serum antibody levels by IFA and RIA when tested against their own isolate as well as enterobacterial common antigen. The RIA procedure was objective, quantitative, and less tedious to perform than IFA.
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PMID:Immune response in urinary tract infection determined by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence: serum antibody levels against infecting bacterium and Enterobacteriaceae common antigen. 8 26

Acute pyelonephritis (but not cystitis or "asymptomatic" bacteriuria) due to Escherichia coli induces serum antibodies to O-but rarely to K-antigens, especially not to the most common antigen, K1. Locally produced secretory IgA and IgG antibodies to O-and K-antigens appear in urine during most infections. The E. coli in urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria are different from those in patients with acute pyelonephritis and cystitis and undergo continuous changes, presumably caused by the local antibody response. The E. coli become less virulent and are less able to attach to uroepithelial cells than E. coli causing acute symptomatic infections. Antibodies in urine prevent epithelial adherence. Parenteral and intravesicular injections of killed bacteria can protect against ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A few K-antigens dominate among E. coli that cause urinary tract infections. Vaccination of problem cases is a possibility because of the protective nature of K-antibodies. The mechanism of renal scarring that appears in some patients with urinary tract infections is unknown. Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein that increase after acute pyelonephritis or the cross-reactions noted between certain E. coli and antigens on the kidney may be involved.
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PMID:Antigens of Escherichia coli, human immune response, and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. 33 Jul 73

Urinary sediments of 64 pregnant women with significant bacteriuria which has been demonstrated several times before, have been investigated for the presence of antibody coated bacteria. Antibody titers were determined in the corresponding serum samples in addition and the results were compared with the clinical diagnosis. In 50% of pregnant women with pyelonephritis antibody coated bacteria could be demonstrated, while 60% of them had elevated serum titers. Taking into account both results in 80% of the pregnant women the clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis could be confirmed. Pregnant women with asymptomatically significant bacteriuria never gave positive results, whereas pregnant women with cystitis mainly did have negative results. The demonstration of antibody coated bacteria in the urinary sediments of pregnant women with significant bacteriuria as well as the detection of elevated serum antibody titers with the indirect immunofluorescence technique against the urinary strain were found to be of importance for the valuation of a significant bacteriuria.
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PMID:[Demonstration of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine of pregnant women]. 33 54

In selected patients, detection of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in voided urine has correlated with upper urinary tract infection. From unselected patients, we studied 350 consecutive urine specimens submitted to the diagnostic laboratory with colony counts greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. In 19% (55) among 288 specimens selected for final analysis ACB occurred. There were no substantial differences in the occurrence of ACB by age or sex of patients or by species of bacteria. The relationship of ACB to clinical syndromes was: asymptomatic bacteriuria, 15% (27/178); cystitis, 8% (6/75); acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 67% (4/6); prostatitis, 67% (2/3); and acute pyelonephritis, 62% (16/26). Among seven clinical findings, only structural abnormalities of the upper urinary tract correlated with the presence of ACB. Failure of fever and leukocytosis to correlate with ACB probably reflected the presence of other associated primary medical or surgical conditions.
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PMID:The relationship of antibody-coated bacteria to clinical syndromes as found in unselected populations with bacteriuria. 35 94

The antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test is a helpful adjunct for differentiating pyelonephritis from cystitis in the intact urinary tract, particularly in female patients. This test was used in patients with ileal conduits and infected urine in an attempt to determine whether bacilluria was of renal or conduit origin. Every patient with infected conduit urine had a positive ACB test even though no patient had clinical stigmas of acute pyelonephritis. In patients with ileal conduits, the ACB test cannot be used alone as an indicator that bacilluria is a cause of symptoms or renal damage.
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PMID:Antibody-coated bacteria in urine of patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion. 35 59

Amikacin was used in the treatment of severe urinary tract infections in twenty-five seriously ill patients. In twenty-four of the patients, cystitis or pyelonephritis complicated carcinoma of the bladder. Structural changes in the urinary tract, resulting from schistosomiasis, presented additional obstacles to treatment in many of the patients. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas. Most patients received 500 mg of amikacin every twelve hours. Three patients experienced adverse renal reactions which showed subsequent improvement. Amikacin effected twenty-one (84%) complete cures and four (16%) clinical cures in the twenty-five patients. This represents 100% clinical success in this study.
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PMID:Amikacin in the treatment of genito-urinary tract infections in cancer patients. 35 28

Sera from seven girls with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis and nine children with acute symptomatic cystitis caused by Proteus mirabilis were analysed for antibodies against the bacterial O and H1 antigens and the Tamm-Horsfall protein. An increase in antibody levels against O antigen and Tamm-Horsfall protein was noted only in patients with acute pyelonephritis indicating that antibody determinations can be useful in differentiating between upper and lower urinary tract infection caused by Proteus in similarity to those caused by E. coli. In contrast no difference in adhesive ability was noted comparing Proteus strains causing acute pyelonephritis or cystitis.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections caused by Proteus mirabilis in children. The antibody response to O and H antigens and Tamm-Horsfall protein and bacterial adherence to uro-epithelium. 35 36


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