Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from 103 fasting individuals 3 to 76 years of age and free of clinical infectious disease and sera from 183 patients with infectious disease were assayed for serum total non-esterfied fatty acids (tNEFA) and compared. Data were also separated into five groups according to age of donor: 3--7, 8--19, 20--35, 36--60, and 61--76 years. The mean group serum levels of tNEFA increased with age. Among patients with infectious diseases sixty-five were diagnosed as having hepatitis, 41 with infectious mononucleosis, 18 with cellulitis, 12 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 11 with non-pneumococcal pneumonia, 9 with pneumococcal pneumonia, 8 with pharyngitis, 6 with pyelonephritis, 6 with aseptic meningitis, 4 with Gram-negative sepsis, and 3 with encephalitis. The sera from 23 non-fasting patients with gonorrhea were also tested. The serum tNEFA levels were found to be altered, in fact depressed from normal group values, only in patients with pneumonia or tuberculosis. This depression may be related to aberrant pulmonary metabolism during pneumonia.
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PMID:Reduced level of non-esterified fatty acids in sera from patients with infectious respiratory disease. 69 41

On the basis of intensified surveillance in Finland we report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease based on 333 consecutive culture-proved cases recorded during 1985 and 1986. The annual incidence rate among children younger than 5 years of age was 52/100,000; 46% of patients had meningitis, 29% had epiglottitis and 25% had other forms of invasive disease. The median age of patients was 27 months, with 45% younger than 2 years of age. Meningitis and epiglottitis were found more often among boys than among girls, whereas the opposite was found among patients with other types of invasive disease (P = 0.015). Among the latter 68% of children with pneumonia or septicemia were 2 years or older compared with 32% of patients with arthritis, cellulitis or pyelonephritis (P = 0.009). These background data are essential for correct interpretation and application of results from trials with H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines that are currently ongoing in Finland.
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PMID:Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among children in Finland before vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. 265 19

Twenty-one patients were included in an open randomized study comparing vancomycin 1 g bd with teicoplanin 400 mg daily in severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The median duration of therapy was 15 days for vancomycin and 21 days for teicoplanin. Most patients presented with severe underlying conditions, such as major surgery (8), solid tumours (5), multiple trauma (3). The infections treated, included septicaemia, osteomyelitis, bronchopneumonia, cellulitis and acute pyelonephritis. Mean MICs of the strains were 0.39 mg/l for vancomycin and 0.195 mg/l for teicoplanin. Mean trough and peak serum concentrations of vancomycin were 14.3 +/- 5 mg/l and 34.3 +/- 13 mg/l, while the teicoplanin values were 7.5 +/- 4 mg/l and 17 +/- 7 mg/l. The cure rate was seven of 12 in the teicoplanin group and six of nine in the vancomycin group, with four and three cases, respectively, of improvement and one failure in the teicoplanin group. Transient renal impairment occurred in two cases with both regimens; superinfection and colonization in three patients and one patient, respectively, with both regimens.
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PMID:Teicoplanin compared with vancomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: preliminary results. 296 35

Ceftriaxone treatment (50 to 80 mg/kg once daily) was given to 201 children between 1 month and 18 years of age. There were 201 serious bacterial infections, including epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, and meningitis. The common pathogens responsible for pediatric infections isolated from these patients included Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The overall clinic cure rate was 94%. Ten patients were clinically improved but not cured. There were two clinical failures. Bacteriologic failure occurred in six patients. The overall bacteriologic cure rate was 97%. Twenty patients (10%) experienced adverse effects; none required discontinuation of therapy. The efficacy, safety, spectrum, and convenience of ceftriaxone monotherapy make this antimicrobial agent a candidate for the treatment of choice of selected serious pediatric infections.
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PMID:Once-daily administration of ceftriaxone for the treatment of selected serious bacterial infections in children. 340 85

Evaluations of ceftazidime (CAZ) in a few different categories were carried out in neonates. Single doses of 20 mg/kg of CAZ were administered to 8 neonates (day-age range: 1-26) and 3 infants (day-age range: 45-119) by bolus intravenous injection. Mean serum concentrations of CAZ at 15, 30 min., 1, 2, 4 hours and 6 hours were 51.6 +/- 9.2, 48.1 +/- 8.7, 47.9 +/- 7.8, 38.2 +/- 6.5, 20.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml, and 15.3 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the neonates, and 51.1 +/- 10.3, 44.7 +/- 6.8, 35.5 +/- 4.1, 21.4 +/- 2.0, 8.6 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml and 3.5 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the infants. Mean half-lives of CAZ in serum were 2.87 +/- 0.77 hours in the neonates and 1.39 +/- 0.10 hours in the infants, and mean urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours were 60.5 +/- 16.0%, and 76.8 +/- 39.6% in the neonates and the infants, respectively. When individual differences are taken into consideration, no significant difference exists among 30-minute serum concentrations of neonates of different day-ages, and these concentrations were not significantly different from those in infants and older children. Half-lives of CAZ in sera decreased rapidly with the advances of the day-ages of the neonates, and the half-life at an age of 1-month should be similar to that in older children. The CAZ was administered to 2 cases of suspected sepsis, 7 of acute pneumonia, 1 of acute pyelonephritis, 1 of cellulitis, and 2 of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and clinical efficacies were excellent in all the cases except for 2 cases excluded from the assessment. S. pyogenes (1), E. coli (1) and S. aureus (1) suspected as causative organisms were eradicated by the treatment with CAZ. Neither clinical adverse effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in any case. From the above results, CAZ is considered to be an antibiotic with high efficacy and safety in the treatment of neonates.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftazidime in neonates]. 354 Mar 46

The efficacy and safety of intravenous and sequential intravenous-oral clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin therapy was evaluated in 71 hospitalized paediatric patients, one month to 16 years of age. The infections treated included peritonsillar abscess (2 patients), purulent tracheitis (1), acute epiglottitis (24), pneumonia (31), pansinusitis (4), mastoiditis (1), cellulitis (4), lymphadenitis (2) and pyelonephritis (2). The severity of disease was rated as moderate in 31 patients (44%), and as severe in 40 (56%). Bacterial pathogens could be cultured in 26 cases (37%). The response to therapy was prompt and followed by clinical cure in each patient. Adverse drug effects included phlebitis (in 6%), mild gastrointestinal complaints (6%), rash (4%) and transient neutropenia and elevation of transaminases (one case each). It is concluded that amoxycillin/clavulanate is effective and safe treatment for bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin or soft tissues in children.
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PMID:Sequential intravenous-oral amoxycillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) therapy in paediatric hospital practice. 357 Oct 53

Timentin (ticarcillin (TCR) + clavulanic acid (AC)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). Infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). The following bacteria were recovered: 10 Escherichia coli, 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Providencia stuartii, 1 Salmonella typhi, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Staphylococcus aureus. The sixteen strains were all susceptible to timentin (MICs determined by agar dilution: TCR + AC 4 mg/l: 0.5-16 mg/l; TCR + AC 8 mg/l: 0.2-16 mg/l). Thirteen strains were susceptible to TCR (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l), and three (1 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, and 1 S. aureus) were resistant to TCR (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l). 14 patients received timentin alone, while two were also given dibekacin. Timentin was given in one-hour IV infusions in a dosage of 9.6 g/24 h (3.2 g X 3) in 10 patients and 6.4 g/24 h (3.2 g X 2) in 6. Duration of therapy was 14 to 16 days in half of cases (range 5 to 21 days). At termination of the infusion, serum concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (determined in ten patients) were greater than 50 mg/l and 3-7.4 mg/l respectively, and serum bactericidal activity (evaluated in ten cases) was consistently less than 1/2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. 393 32

Twenty-six children received a single daily intravenous dose of ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg, for a variety of bacterial infections including abscess (5), cellulitis (5), periorbital cellulitis (5), bacteremia without focus (4), osteomyelitis (2), pneumonia (2), pyelonephritis (2) and otitis media (1). Organisms isolated from infectious foci were Staphylococcus aureus (9), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6), Streptococcus pyogenes (3), Escherichia coli (2); and Haemophilus influenzae type b, nontypable H. influenzae, Group B streptococcus, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and satelliting streptococcus (1 each). Microbiologic cure was achieved in 20 of 22 (91%) infections and clinical cure in 25 of 26 (96%). Fifteen possible adverse reactions occurred in 34 patients evaluable for drug safety; most were mild and self-limited. Neutropenia developed in two patients necessitating discontinuation of ceftriaxone in one, followed by prompt resolution. Seventeen children received ceftriaxone, 75 mg/kg/day, in two divided doses for a similar variety of infections. Bacteriologic and clinical cure rates of 100 and 94%, respectively, were demonstrated. Leukopenia developed in one patient and resolved when ceftriaxone was discontinued. Once a day dosing of ceftriaxone in pediatric patients provides greater ease of administration combined with efficacy equal to that achieved with a divided dosage schedule.
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PMID:Ceftriaxone administered once or twice a day for treatment of bacterial infections of childhood. 396 62

From 1976 to 1981, 28 episodes of group B streptococcus (GBS) septicemia were identified in our hospital (CHUV, University Hospital Lausanne), 18 in 17 adults and 10 in newborns. The latter had acute respiratory distress syndrome (8 cases) or meningitis (2 cases). In adults the skin was the main source of infection (6 diabetic foot, 4 acute cellulitis complicating chronic skin diseases, 2 infections secondary to diagnostic procedures (capillary and ascitic taps) and 1 meningitis secondary to neurosurgery). The other sources of infection were 1 pharyngitis, 1 pneumonia and 1 pyelonephritis. Eleven patients had an underlying disease (7 diabetes and 4 malignancies). Four patients developed septic osteoarticular metastases, one after a 3 weeks' course of antibiotic. In the latter case, as well as in the two adult patients who died, the strains of GBS were found to be tolerant to penicillin. Thus, GBS septicemia are not rare in adults and occur often in compromised hosts such as diabetics. The portal of entry is frequently the skin and the course may be severe with distant complications.
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PMID:[Streptococcus group B septicemia. Analysis of 18 cases in adults and 10 in newborn infants]. 633 80

Twenty-one hospitalized patients with infectious diseases were randomly assigned to receive either thienamycin formamidine/renal dipeptidase inhibitor or cefazolin. Infections treated included septicaemia, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis and cutaneous abscesses. All eleven patients treated with thienamycin formamidine/renal dipeptidase inhibitor responded well to therapy. One of the ten patients treated with cefazolin developed a superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Side effects detected were minor in both groups.
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PMID:A randomized study comparing clinical efficacy and safety of thienamycin formamidine (MK0787)/renal dipeptidase inhibitor (MK0791) and cefazolin. 635 77


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