Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary tract infection in the female patient is not an uncommon finding. Flank pain associated with urinary tract infection is usually due to calculus disease or pyelonephritis. In patients with history of breast carcinoma, metastasis to the periureteral area with resulting obstruction should be considered. The incidence of metastatic breast carcinoma presenting in this fashion is as high as 7.8 per cent. This case shows a patient with metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast with ureteral obstruction, causing flank pain and recurrent urinary tract infection. This report emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up in patients with history of breast cancer, especially invasive lobular carcinoma, and the high degree of suspicion required to diagnose and institute proper therapy.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the ureter presenting with flank pain and recurrent urinary tract infection. 875 67

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is an uncommon tumour that has occasionally been associated with horseshoe kidney. The verrucous form of well-differentiated SCC has not been described previously at this site. We describe such a tumour in a 41-year-old man, who presented with gross haematuria and recurrent pyelonephritis caused by staghorn calculi within a horseshoe kidney. Histology showed extensive keratinising squamous metaplasia of the pelvic urothelium with an area of verrucous acanthosis and underlying invasion of the pelvic smooth muscle by broad tongues of squamous epithelium without atypia. Local lymph nodes were not involved by tumour. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction revealed no evidence of human papillomavirus infection. The literature regarding verrucous carcinoma of the urothelial tract is reviewed.
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PMID:Verrucous carcinoma of the renal pelvis: case presentation and review of the literature. 879 41

The author has estimated levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) indicative of activity of membrane phospholipid peroxidation activity, basal and true (in incubation in the culture containing glomeruloform antibiotic alameticin) Ca-ATPase activity in microsomal fraction isolated from cortical tissue of functioning kidneys obtained intraoperatively from 26 patients. 12 samples of cortical tissue obtained from uninvolved parts of the kidneys affected with carcinoma served as control. 14 samples were obtained from the tissue of functioning kidneys affected with nephrolithiasis and active chronic pyelonephritis. The investigations show elevated MDA levels, enhanced basal in reduced true Ca-ATPase activity of microsomes from the kidneys of patients with nephrolithiasis and active chronic pyelonephritis compared to control. It is suggested that high basal against low true Ca-ATPase activity of renal microsomes may be explained by increased permeability of renal membranes for Ca2+ under activation of lipid peroxidation in active chronic pyelonephritis and nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:[Lipid peroxidation and Ca-dependent ATPase activity in the microsomal fraction of renal tissue in patients with nephrolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis]. 905 96

Mucinous cystadenoma with malignant transformation occupying the lower half portion of the right renal pelvis in a 69-year-old Japanese man was recorded. The patient had recent dysuria but no clinical history of pyelonephritis or urolithiasis. Under the clinical diagnosis of unusual renal cyst, the right total nephrectomy was performed. Grossly, the cystic tumor, 5 cm across, formed a monolocular lumen filled with mucins and showed no direct communication with the renal pelvis inside. Microscopically, the epithelial lining was characterized by a single layer of benign mucin producing columnar cells that scattered foci of non-invasive papillary projections with cell stratification and nuclear atypia suggestive of malignancy. Although there was non-specific chronic pyelitis, no pyelitis cystica et glandularis was encountered. Of circa 60 glandular neoplasms arising in the renal pelvis reported previously, adenomas are only five including two mucinous cystadenomas, while the remainder are adenocarcinomas. The histological findings of mucinous cystadenoma in the present case may represent the process of a transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The result suggests the possibility that adenoma-carcinoma sequence may exist among the glandular neoplasma arising in the renal pelvis. The histogenesis was unclarified.
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PMID:Mucinous cystadenoma with malignant transformation arising in the renal pelvis. 908 36

The MN/CA9 protein is a tumor-associated antigen that has been shown to have diagnostic utility in identifying cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. MN/CA9 expression is limited to very few normal tissues. We have now extended those observations to further investigate expression of the MN/CA9 protein in histological sections and fine-needle aspiration biopsy smears of normal kidney, benign renal cell lesions, all categories of renal cell carcinomas (clear/granular/spindle cell, chromophilic cell, chromophobic cell, and collecting duct cell RCCs), metastatic RCCs, and non-renal cell clear cell adenocarcinomas. We have found that high levels of MN/CA9 expression is seen in all primary RCCs, cystic RCCs, and metastatic RCCs, with the exception of two cases of the chromophobe cell type, which were MN/CA9 negative. Identical MN/CA9 immunostaining was also observed in the aspiration cytological smears. In contrast, all benign lesions, including pyelonephritis, renal cysts, adenomas, oncocytomas, and normal kidney, did not express the MN/CA9 protein. Thus, we conclude that MN/CA9 protein expression could serve as a valuable adjunct to the cytological and histological diagnosis of benign renal cysts versus cystic RCC, adenoma versus RCC, and oncocytoma versus granular cell RCC. Diffuse membraneous staining of all RCCs (with the exception of chromophobic cell RCC) suggests that MN/CA9 protein expression might have an important clinical utility in the early detection and treatment of RCC. Absence of MN/CA9 expression in non-renal cell clear cell adenocarcinoma also indicates that MN/CA9 protein expression may be used as a differential diagnostic biomarker of metastatic clear cell RCC.
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PMID:Identification of the MN/CA9 protein as a reliable diagnostic biomarker of clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. 923 Jan 82

We report the first documented case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the renal pelvis with a prominent lymphoid stroma (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma [LELC]). LELCs are morphologically identical to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and are rarely seen in the urinary tract, with only isolated cases involving the urinary bladder and ureter. The tumor was composed entirely of large pale staining malignant epithelial cells with ill-defined borders arranged in syncytial sheets separated by mainly reactive lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells and histiocytes. Tumor cells were immunoreactive to cytokeratin and were negative for leukocyte common antigen. Awareness of LELC is important, as it should be distinguished from lymphoma or inflammatory lesions including, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the renal pelvis. 1064 22

Three cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract are presented. The fact that the urothelium normally has no glandular or squamous structures renders the pathogenesis of these tumours interesting. The process is assumed to begin with an urothelial metaplasia resulting from a reaction to chronic irritation, leading to dedifferentiation, dysplasias and, in the end, to a squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. The relevant medical histories include chronic episodes of pyelonephritis or nephrolithiasis. Diagnosis, therapeutic approaches and prognosis of these rare tumours are discussed.
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PMID:Primary adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Report on three cases. 1078 36

Nephrogenic metaplasia of the bladder and urethra has been the subject of extensive studies in recent years. However, information about ureteral involvement is still limited because of the rarity of the lesion. We described four cases of nephrogenic metaplasia of the ureter. They occurred in two men and two women whose ages ranged from 46 to 69 years. Three patients had stones, and one had multiple episodes of cystitis and chronic pyelonephritis. The lesions led to ureteral obstruction that in two patients was radiographically suspicious for carcinoma. Microscopically, three lesions were composed of tiny mucin-containing microcysts and medium-sized tubular structures lined by cuboidal cells that showed cytologic atypia characterized by enlarged vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. However, there were no mitotic figures. Two lesions invaded the full thickness of the wall of the ureter and exhibited an infiltrative growth pattern highlighted by cytokeratin stains. The remaining two lesions were confined to the lamina propria. The cells of nephrogenic metaplasia were immunoreactive to cytokeratin 7 and AE1-AE3. They lacked reactivity for monoclonal and polyclonal CEA and p53. The MIB-1-labeling index was <5%. The cytologic atypia and infiltrative growth pattern of ureteral nephrogenic metaplasia should not be misinterpreted as evidence of malignancy. All four patients are alive and symptom free 8 months to 7 years after diagnosis.
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PMID:Symptomatic nephrogenic metaplasia of ureter: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of four cases. 1211 15

Atypical organ and endometrial changes in 2 female patients under pe rmanent acyclic therapy with Lyndiol are reported. The 1st patient had undergone a bilateral nephrectomy for contracted kidneys due to pyelonephritis and died in uremic coma after extracorporal dialysis, bef ore the renal transplantation could be performed. She had been treated for profuse menorrhagia with 5 mg Lyndiol for 11 weeks. The so-called therapeutic pseudopregnancy found at the postmortem examination was attributed to the unintended accumulation of hormones due to the absence of the renal excretory organs as well as to liver damage from uremia and steroids. Besides the uremic damage, the administered steroids are obviously also responsible for the unusually extensive necroses found in the liver and the adrenal glands. In the 2nd case, permanent (15 months) therapy with Lyndiol was prescribed in order to eliminate meno-metrorhagias in chronic myelosis. Curettages were performed 2, 11, 14, and 21 months after treatment was begun. Besides the known contrary glandular and stroma reaction at the glandular epithelium as sign of its exhaustion, biopsy controls also revealed very extensive regressive chan ges similar to those seen in glandular hyperplasia, and also atypical regenerates. Characteristic features of differentiation from the choriogenic Arias-Stella phenomenon and from incipient carcinoma of the corpus uteri are pointed out.
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PMID:[Atypical organ-oriented effects of so-called ovulation inhibitors following bilateral nephrectomy, as well as unusual endometrial changes during long-term acyclic therapy for chronic myelosis]. 1215 26

Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering phenylbutazone (greater than 99% pure) in corn oil by gavage to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 19 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were performed with Salmonella typhimurium, mouse L5178Y lymphoma cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Nineteen-Day Studies: The deaths of 3/5 male and 4/5 female rats that received 600 mg/kg and of 2/5 females that received 300 mg/kg were considered to be chemically related. The final mean body weight of rats that received 300 or 600 mg/kg was 14%-15% or 46% lower than that of vehicle controls. No compound-related deaths occurred in mice (doses up to 600 mg/kg). The final mean body weights of dosed and vehicle control mice were similar. Thirteen-Week Studies: Most rats that received 300 mg/kg and 1/10 male and 2/10 female rats that received 200 mg/kg died early. The final mean body weight of male rats at 300 mg/kg was 31% lower than that of the vehicle controls. The liver weight to body weight ratios were increased in the 200 and 300 mg/kg group of rats. Compound-related lesions occurred mainly in the kidney and included papillary necrosis, papillary edema, and multifocal mineralization. Five of 10 male mice and 4/10 female mice that received 600 mg/kg died early. No other compound-related deaths occurred in mice. Final mean body weights of dosed and vehicle control mice were comparable. The liver weight to body weight ratios were increased for mice at 300 and 600 mg/kg. No compound-related histopathologic effects were observed in mice. Body Weight and Survival in the Two-Year Studies: Two-year studies were conducted by administering 0, 50, or 100 mg/kg phenylbutazone in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 rats of each sex, 5 days per week for 103 weeks. The doses given groups of 50 mice of each sex on the same schedule were 0, 150, or 300 mg/kg. Mean body weights of high dose rats were generally 6%-11% lower than those of vehicle controls. Mean body weights of mice were similar among all groups except for high dose female mice, which weighed 4%-11% less than vehicle controls. The survival of all groups was similar except for that of the low dose group of male rats, which was significantly lower than that of the vehicle controls at the end of the studies; the survival of the top dose group of female rats and the vehicle control group of female mice was low but not statistically reduced(final survival--male rats: vehicle control, 33/50; low dose, 20/50; high dose, 27/50; female rats: 31/50; 35/50; 22/50; male mice: 36/50; 40/50; female mice: 22/50; 29/50; 32/50). Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Effects in the Two-Year Studies: Mild pyelonephritis, renal papillary necrosis, and mineralization of the renal papillae in dosed male and female rats and hyperplasia of the renal pelvis epithelium, dilatation of the renal pelvis, and renal cysts in dosed female rats were observed at increased incidences compared with those in vehicle controls. A renal tubular cell carcinoma was observed in one low dose male rat, and renal tubular adenomas were observed in three high dose male rats. A carcinoma of uncertain histogenesis was observed in one low dose female rat. Carcinomas of the renal transitional epithelium were seen in two high dose female rats. When the kidneys were step-sectioned, additional tubular cell adenomas were diagnosed in four low dose and one high dose male rats and in three low dose and one high dose female rats; none was observed in vehicle controls. Papillomas of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder were seen in 2/43 low dose male and 1/49 low dose female F344/N rats. The historical incidence of urinary bladder transitional cell neoplasms in male corn oil vehicle control F344/N rats is 5/2,034 (0.2%; highest observed incidence, 2/50) and 4/2,026 (0.2%; highest observed incidence, 1/45) in females. Adrenal medullary hyperplasia was observed at an increased incidence in high dose female rats (veherplasia was observed at an increased incidence in high dose female rats (vehicle control, 3/50; low dose, 6/50; high dose, 19/50). Ulcers of the forestomach were observed at increased incidences in high dose rats (male: 0/50; 5/50; 6/50; female: 2/49; 1/49; 12/49). In high dose female rats, acanthosis (4/49; 0/49; 12/49), hyperkeratosis (3/49; 0/49; 12/49), and basal cell hyperplasia (4/49; 1/49; 12/49) of the forestomach were observed at increased incidences. No neoplasms were associated with these stomach lesions. Peliosis hepatis, centrilobular cytomegaly and karyomegaly, fatty change, hepatocellular degeneration, and coagulative necrosis of the liver were observed in dosed male mice; clear cell foci were observed in five high dose male mice. The incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and adenomas or carcinomas (combined) in male mice were increased in the high dose group (adenomas or carcinomas, combined: 16/50; 14/50; 31/50). Genetic Toxicology: Phenylbutazone was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 when tested with or without exogenous metabolic activation. Phenylbutazone produced a positive response in the mouse lymphoma assay in both the presence and absence of activation. Phenylbutazone induced chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells in the presence, but not the absence, of exogenous metabolic activation; no induction of sister chromatid exchanges was observed in CHO cells in the presence or absence of activation. Conclusions: Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of phenylbutazone for male F344/N rats, as shown by the occurrence of small numbers of renal tubular cell adenomas or carcinomas. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity for female F344/N rats, as shown primarily by the occurrence of two rare transitional cell carcinomas in the top dose group; none has ever been seen in vehicle control or untreated control female rats. Tubular cell adenomas may have been associated with the administration of phenylbutazone to female rats. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity for male B6C3F1 mice, as shown by the increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas (combined). There was no evidence of carcinogenicity for female B6C3F1 mice administered phenylbutazone in corn oil by gavage at doses of 150 or 300 mg/kg. Phenylbutazone was also nephrotoxic to rats, as shown by the dose-related increase in the severity of age-related nephropathy, necrosis of the renal papilla, and mineralization of the collecting ducts in the papilla. Synonyms: 4-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione; 3,5-dioxo-1,2-diphenyl-4-n-butylpyrazolidine Trade Names: There have been over 100 registered trade names including: Anerval; Azobutil; Bizolin 200; Butacote; Butadion; Butagesic; Butazolidin; Chembutazone; Equi Bute; Flexazone; Fenibutol; G 13,871; Pyrazolidin; Reumazol; Robizon-V; Uzone
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PMID:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Phenylbutazone (CAS No. 50-33-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). 1269 37


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