Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of Klinefelter syndrome diagnosed late in life are reported with the clinical and post-mortem findings. The diagnosis was suspected owing to the absence of testes and the presence of associated varied clinical features. The urinary follicle-stimulating hormone levels were not elevated and were very low in two of the cases. Bronchopneumonia, ascending pyelonephritis and cystitis were the main causes of death but there were varied pathological findings in the prostate of benign hyperplasia, carcinoma and prepubertal gland. Marked atherosclerosis of the aorta and the lower-limb vessels were present but the coronary systems were little affected. It is suggested that, because of the presence of two X chromosomes and the absence of testes, this condition may give a female pattern of longevity, many examples being overlooked in old age on account of inadequate clinical examination. Some support for this hypothesis will be found if its incidence in the aged is shown to be greater than in the young.
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PMID:Klinefelter syndrome in the aged. 7 Jan 64

Gentamicin (GM) was intramuscularly injected to 16 children with various infectious disease (1 septicemia, 1 purulent meningitis, 4 bronchopneumonia, 1 pyothorax, 3 pyelonephritis, 2 acute cystitis and 4 RITTER'S dermatitis). The results obtained are as follows: 1. The excellent and good clinical results were noted in all patients except for an indeterminate case with bronchopneumonia because of the concomitant therapy with CEZ. The effective rate was 100.0%. This was possibly because of quite high susceptibility (See Article) of all isolates to gentamicin. 2. Doses of GM were adjusted depending on the style of infectious diseases. The satisfactory clinical results were obtained in some cases by increasing its recommended dosage to about 5-8 mg per kg per day. 3. No kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction, the 8th cranial nerve damage, etc. were observed by administering 5 to 8 mg per kg per day for at maximum 18 days, in this clinical trial. 4. It has been indicated in this clinical trial that GM is worthy to be used as a first-choice drug in chemotherapy of infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus, gram-negative bacillus, etc., especially in patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives. However, further study would be required for the safety of increase in its dosage and duration of administration.
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PMID:[Further study on gentamicin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 13 69

Complications are the major causes of illness and death after burning and most of them stem from the burn wound. Their origin and importance are reviewed with emphasis on problems and growing points in knowledge. Fluid leakage from the circulation into the burn is the cause of hypovolemic shock, but the underlying permeability changes in the burn are only partly understood. Other nonbacterial complications include acute cardiac failure, acute anemia, hemolytic jaundice, renal failure, encephalopathy, complex hypermetabolic effects including pseudodiabetes, gastric and duodenal ulceration, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pulmonary and glomerular microthrombosis, hepatic jaundice, and arterial thrombosis. Involvement of the airway in conflagrations carries special hazards like glottic edema and inhalation of irritant fumes. Nowadays, bacterial causes are dominant and these remain the main challenge. Bacterial infection and invasion of the burn are usually responsible for septicemia, bronchopneumonia, and pyelonephritis although other sources also contribute. Indirect manifestations of septicemia include paralytic ileus, acute gastric dilatation, toxic myocarditis, and some cases of renal failure. Therapeutic complications like agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and colitis occur at times. High concentrations of oxygen given therapeutically can produce fatal aseptic hypoxic pneumonitis.
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PMID:A review of the complications of burns, their origin and importance for illness and death. 44 73

1. Cefuroxime (CXM) was studied for absorption and excretion in 4 pediatric patients given one shot intravenous injection of 20 approximately 25 mg/kg. The following serum levels were determined: 24.5 approximately 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes (mean 33.3 +/- 6.1 micrograms/ml), 10.0 approximately 17.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hours (mean 13.9 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml), 3.4 approximately 7.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours (mean 5.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml, 0.7 approximately 2.1 micrograms/ml at 4 hours (mean 1.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, 0.1 approximately 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours (mean 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram microgram/ml). Half-life (T 1/2) was 0.65 approximately 0.88 hour (mean 0.75 +/- 0.10 hour). Urinary levels were 1,280 approximately 7,100 micrograms/ml at 0 approximately 2 hours, 96 approximately 3,400 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours, 68 approximately 250 micrograms/ml at 4 approximately 6 hours. Urinary recovery rate at 0 approximately 6 hours was 54.1 approximately 74.4% (mean 61.8 +/- 9.4%). 2. From the study on spinal fluid concentration in pediatric patients with Haemophilus influenzae-induced meningitis, the dose of CXM 52.2 mg/kg was given to 1 pediatric case with this disease by one shot intravenous injection. Spinal fluid levels were presumed as 9.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 6.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.2 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. 3. CXM was studied in 19 pediatric patients with bacterial infection for clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and side effect. Clinical result was found good in 1 with purulent meningitis; excellent in 9 out of 15 with acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, and good in remaining 6 cases; good in 2 with acute bronchitis; excellent in 1 with acute pyelonephritis. This represents efficacy ("excellent" plus "good") rate of 100%. Of 5 strains of H. influenzae presumed as causative organisms, 4 were disappeared and 1 was reduced. Two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1 strain of Escherichia coli were disappeared. No side effect was noted in terms of clinical symptom. Laboratory examination showed elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case, but these elevated values returned to normal after the end of the CXM treatment.
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PMID:[Study of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 51 99

In 4 out of 9711 (= 1:2400) patients, lactice acidosis due to biguanides was diagnosed. Serum lactate concentration averaged 18.2 mmol/l and the pH value 6.87. All patients showed signs of renal insufficiency and three had congestive heart disease. In addition to treatment with biguanides, other factors might have contributed to the lactice acidosis in these patients: prolonged fasting, severe dehydration due to persistent vomiting, acute bronchopneumonia, and acute pyelonephritis. On addmission, two patients were in shock and all patients were semi-conscious or comatose. All patients were treated with bicarbonate and glucose/insulin. One patient was hemodialysed. Two of our four patients died. Oour four patients are compared with 179 patients in the literature with respect to mortality and prognosis of lactic acidosis due to biguanides.
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PMID:[Lactacidosis in biguanide therapy: diagnosis and therapy. 4 cases compared to 179 cases in the world literature]. 71 23

The clinical and hematological features of 100 patients with sickle cell anemia are reviewed. The heart was enlarged and a murmur was heard in nearly 80 percent of patients. Pneumonia and pulmonary infarction occurred in 43 percent and 12 percent of patients, respectively. Musculoskeletal involvement included the hand-foot syndrome (15 percent), leg ulcers (55 percent), aseptic necrosis ofbone (11 percent), and osteomyelitis (4 percent). Symptoms and signs related to the gastrointestinal system included jaundice (55 percent), hepatomegaly (50 percent), splenomegaly (23 percent), hepatitis (11 percent) and gallstones (9 percent). Three patients underwent cholecystectomy and three patients had their spleens removed. Pyelonephritis occurred in 17 patients, priapism in five and hematuria in seven. Nineteen women had 39 pregnancies, of which 35 resulted in the birth of healthy infants. At least 328 painful crises occurred in 73 patients. There were also 13 hemolytic crises, eight sequestration crises, and five aplastic crises. A trail of alkali therapy in 33 crises in children failed to produce beneficial effects greater than hydration and analgesics alone as used in the control group. Laboratory findings in the 100 patients were comparable to those previously reported in the literature. The renal concentrating defect in most patients was confirmed. There were six deaths: hepatic coma secondary to post-transfusion hepatitis, thrombosis of inferior vena cava, congestive heart failure, exsanguination from erosion of the pancreaticoduodenal artery, extensive bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary infarction.
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PMID:Sickle cell anemia- clinical manifestations in 100 patients and review of the literature. 113 Apr 36

A 2-month-old infant died of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Preoperatively pyonephrosis was suspected, because the child presented with a number of inflammatory, septic symptoms. Nephrectomy was performed and histopathology showed the kidney to be affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Postoperatively the child developed persistent attacks of fever and bronchopneumonia that led to his death with signs of pulmonary insufficiency.
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PMID:[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with fatal outcome in a 2-month-old infant]. 262 49

The post mortem findings in 200 autopsies were compared with the clinical diagnoses. Twenty diseases were analysed with respect to clinico-pathological correlation. In relation to the respective totals the diseases most frequently missed clinically were (false negative) pyelonephritis (100%), pulmonary embolus (87.50%) and bronchopneumonia (58.16%). In relation to the respective totals the clinical diagnoses less frequently confirmed (false positive) were tuberculosis (69.56%), paracoccidioidomycosis (57.14%), sepsis (53.13%) and Chagas' disease (44.44%). There was clinicopathological agreement in 97 autopsies (48.50%). In 19 cases (9.50%) if the diagnostic error had been detected during life this probably would have changes the prognosis. The findings are discussed in the light of previous studies. The importance of routine post-mortem examination and clinico-pathological correlation is stressed.
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PMID:[Anatomo-clinical diagnosis correlation. Retrospective assessment of the clinical diagnosis in necropsies]. 263 Nov 82

Sulbactam/Ampicillin (SBT/ABPC), a combination at a fixed ratio of ABPC and SBT which is an irreversible inhibitor of beta-lactamase in a 2:1 ratio, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 24 patients with ages from 5 month-old to 12 years old with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 30 mg/kg SBT/ABPC administration by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous bolus injection showed that mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 48.9 minutes and 40.2 minutes, respectively, and mean urinary excretion rates of SBT and ABPC in the first 6 hours were 67.1% and 48.3%, respectively. 2. SBT/ABPC was administered to 14 patients with bronchopneumonia, 4 patients with tonsillitis, a patient each with acute upper respiratory infection, with submandibular lymphadenitis, with phlegmon, with enterocolitis, with pyelonephritis and with cystitis at a daily dosage of 88.2-133.3 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 24 patients were as follows: excellent: 17 patients, good: 7 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Neither clinical adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test values, except slight eosinophilia in a patient and an elevation of GOT, GPT in another were observed. 4. MICs of SBT/ABPC against 7 strong beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from some of the patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 3.13 micrograms/ml, MICs against 2 out of 5 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were 0.10 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 3 strains were 0.20 microgram/ml. MIC against a strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae was 3.13 micrograms/ml. 5. These data described above show that SBT/ABPC has excellent bactericidal capacity against beta-lactamase producing bacteria as well as beta-lactamase non-producing Gram-positive and negative bacteria and suggest that SBT/ABPC is a very useful antibiotic for pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 266 51

The clinical activity of piperacillin was evaluated in 34 children (mean age: 8 years) presenting with severe infection (septicaemia, meningitis, bronchopneumonia, pyelonephritis). A bacteriological diagnosis was established in 24 cases. The mean duration of treatment was 11 days, and the mean dose 220 mg/kg/day administered in three injections. In 25 cases piperacillin was combined with another antibiotic, usually an aminoglycoside (20 cases). Clinical cure or improvement was obtained in 29 children (85%). Treatment was well tolerated, with only 2 cases of moderate blood eosinophilia. In view of these results the authors suggest that piperacillin could be used in children in two circumstances: severe infections caused by Gram-negative cocci or bacilli in children with cystic fibrosis or neutropenia, and against infections contracted in intensive care units, or in children with febrile leucopenia, combined with an aminoglycoside in the absence of, or pending bacteriological results.
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PMID:[Indications for piperacillin in pediatrics]. 294 80


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