Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of sera derived from patients suffering from chronic renal diseases (endemic Balkan nephropathy, glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis) on T cell proliferative response was studied. It was found that these sera contained factors which affect interleukin 1 (IL-1) dependent events in T cell proliferative response. The factors prevent costimulatory effects of IL-1 on T cells but do not bind to IL-1, nor do they affect interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent T cell proliferation. These findings indicate that immuno-suppression observed in some kidney disorders may be partially due to serum immunoinhibitory factors affecting IL-1 activity.
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PMID:Circulating inhibitor of interleukin 1 activity in patients with chronic renal diseases. 145 72

The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels, urinary excretion and in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) production of beta 2-microglobulin in patients with Balkan nephropathy and their families. Increased urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion was found in Balkan nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis patients, being highest in the first group. The serum level of beta 2-microglobulin in Balkan nephropathy patients correlated with residual kidney function. Synthesis of beta 2-microglobulin by PBMC, untreated or stimulated by PHA, was not increased in Balkan nephropathy patients or their healthy family members compared to the control group of healthy persons living outside of an endemic region. This study has shown that the increased serum beta 2-microglobulin level in Balkan nephropathy patients is the consequence of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion was found increased not only in patients but in some healthy members of nephropathic families. beta 2-microglobulin therefore can serve as a marker of the early tubular damage in Balkan nephropathy. However, urinary beta 2-microglobulin is not specific for Balkan nephropathy, lacking specificity required for screening purposes. The different patterns of serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin, and other urinary proteins, in patients with Balkan nephropathy from patients with chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis favor the opinion that Balkan nephropathy is a separate clinical entity.
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PMID:Beta 2-microglobulin in patients with Balkan nephropathy and in healthy members of their families. 176 27

Over the last 16 years, 214 autopsies were done at the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Slavonski Brod Medical Centre, on people from an area recognized as endemic for Balkan nephropathy in the county. Balkan endemic nephropathy was diagnosed pathoanatomically and histopathologically in 94 of these cases, and in none of 1040 autopsies on people from a nonendemic area. The most striking pathological finding in all advanced cases of the disease was a marked reduction in kidney size and weight; in one extreme case, the organ weighed only 20 g. The process is invariably bilateral, but there are considerable differences in the degree of involvement in each pair. Although the pathoanatomical changes, including lung oedema and haemorrhage and fibrinous pericarditis, are seen in the majority of cases, they are not considered to be specific for Balkan endemic nephropathy, since they are well recognized signs of long-standing primary uraemia. The relevance of the peculiar finding of sulfurous yellow discoloration and hardened subcutaneous adipose tissue, seen frequently post mortem, is unknown and should be investigated in more detail. Histopathologically, fibrosis and atrophy of kidney cortex, with tubular degeneration, are the most consistent findings. Lesions characteristic of pyelonephritis were superimposed over the picture of 'pure' Balkan endemic nephropathy in a considerable number of cases.
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PMID:Some pathomorphological features of Balkan endemic nephropathy in Croatia. 182 Mar 51

Sera of patients suffering from Balkan nephropathy, pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis inhibit lectin-induced T-cell proliferation in vitro. Immunosuppressive factors were registered in the patients' sera during the early stage of the existing disease, and their activity was not in correlation with the degree of renal insufficiency. Serum inhibitors revealed their activity during the early phase of T-cell activation and had no effect on T-cell proliferation and DNK synthesis. Inhibitor activity was registered even if sera were not present in cell culture continuously but only 6 hours of preincubation; then their action was irretrievable.
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PMID:[Immunosuppressive factors in the blood in patients during the development of various kidney diseases]. 213 97

There are many causes of interstitial nephritis other than pyelonephritis. The term interstitial nephritis does not connote a single etiologic or pathogenetic mechanism; it rather arbitrarily places together a wider variety of renal diseases that have a predilection for early and major involvement of the renal interstitium. The prototype of acute interstitial nephritis is acute pyelonephritis. In addition, there is a drug-related acute interstitial disease that is probably of immunological nature and usually reverses with discontinuance of the offending drug. Chronic interstitial nephritis includes many diverse illnesses. Nonobstructive pyelonephritis occurs but its prevalence is debated. Analgesic abuse nephropathy is not rare and is potentially reversible. Papillary necrosis has many causes and a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Heavy metals, such as lead, cause interstitial nephritis. Balkan nephropathy occurs in an endemic area and although not bacterial in origin is of unknown cause.
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PMID:Interstitial nephritis. 700 50

Renal Registry (RR) of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established in 2002, with aim to follow up the trends of Renal Replacement Therapy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The prevalence of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is rising steadily. One reason for this is an increasing number of patients starting RRT. The aim is to present the epidemiology and treatment of all aspects of RRT in Bosnia and Herzegovina in period 2002-2008. Centre-related and patient-related questionnaires were sent to all 25 dialysis centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The demographic data, prevalence and incidence, type of renal replacement therapy, cause of ESRD, erythropoietin administration, cause of death, and type of vascular access were obtained from the questionnaires. Collected data were analysed using SPSS statistics. The number of patients treated by Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) increased steadily from 1,531 patients in 2002 to the 2,206 at the 2008 (43%). The prevalence has increased from 399 pmp in 2002 to 696 pmp. in 2008. Incidence (new patients) in 2002 was 110 pmp and incidence rate in 2008 was 163, and there were 249 new patients (day 1). The mean age for new patients increased from 60 years in 2002 to 63.5 years in 2008 and the population over 75 years rate from 8.79% to 11.3%. Most ESRD patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina are undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (92%), while some patients (8%) are treated by peritoneal dialysis and transplantation. The most significant cause of ESRD in 2008 was chronic glomerulonephritis (421 patients, 19.2%), followed by pyelonephritis (414 patients, 18.9%), BEN (14.7%) and Diabetes mellitus (12.2%). Hepatitis B and C virus infections had 397 (16.3%) patients, out of them 22 had both type of infections and 98 patients had B type infection. Only 10.5% of patients were tested on MRSA and 3 patients were positive on MRSA. There were no HIV-positive patients on RRT. The most common type of vascular access was AV fistula in 85% patients, AV graft 2% and catheters in 13%. Out of hemodialysis patients, 85.7% received ESA almost s.c. The median weekly dose was 4,000 UI. Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death, gross mortality rate of dialysis patients being 13.01% in 2008. The need for RRT in Bosnia and Herzegovina is increasing and the number of patients increased by 43% since 2002. Hemodialysis is still the most common modality of treatment (92%), while proportion of PD and transplantation is slowly increasing. The preventive measures are necessary to prevent ESRD and also to decrease the number of patients on dialysis.
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PMID:Trends in Renal Replacement Therapy in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002-2008. 2043 25