Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 37 patients with significant bacteriuria in pregnancy antibody-determinations were carried out by means of bacterioagglutination and indirect hemagglutination. High antibody titres in serum could be detected in 13 patients with clinically acute pyelonephritis. Bacteriurias in connection with chronical pyelonephritis resulted in titres above normal values in few cases only. In no case there was a connection between asymptomatic bacteriurias and an increasing antibody titre.
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PMID:[Serum antibody determination in patients with urinary tract infections during pregnancy]. 121 67

A case of xanthogranulomatous ureteritis is described and the numerous similarities with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in their clinicopathological presentation are discussed. Of the xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis symptoms our patient manifested a long history of urinary tract infection, weight loss, urinary obstruction, pyuria and gram-negative bacteriuria. The ureteral lesion was a yellowish nodule, granulomatous and was highlighted histologically by foamy histiocytes with periodic acid, Schiff positive cytoplasmic granules. The lesion mimicked an obstructing neoplasm and a specific granuloma.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous ureteritis. 123 94

The presence of bacteriuria during gestation increases the chance of acute pyelonephritis. Treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy reduces subsequent development of symptomatic disease. Numerous studies have shown that single-dose therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria is as effective as longer course of treatment. Single-dose therapy also has the advantages of improved compliance, reduced costs, and less adverse effects resulting from long term therapy. Follow-up cultures following antimicrobial treatment should be used for early detection of recurrence or relapse. If the urine culture yields no growth, a urine culture at a monthly interval will suffice. If on the other hand bacteriuria is present, a repeat course of antimicrobial therapy should be chosen based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A longer course of therapy, possibly with a different drug, is recommended for women with a positive follow-up urine culture. Acute cystitis may be treated with the same regimen as asymptomatic bacteriuria. When upper urinary tract infection is suspected, hospitalisation and a longer course of therapy is recommended. If the organism is susceptible to cefalexin or nitrofurantoin, postcoital prophylaxis with either agent for the remainder of the pregnancy may be beneficial.
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PMID:Treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy. 128 67

Most investigators agree that the adverse effects of urinary tract infections in pregnancy can be abrogated by effective early detection and treatment. However, the optimal methods for screening and treatment remain controversial. Although single-dose therapy has not been applied to pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis, most but not all studies which have compared single-dose with longer courses of beta-lactam or other antibiotics in pregnant asymptomatic bacteriuric women have shown no differences in outcome. This paper reviews recent trials of single-dose treatment of bacteriuria in pregnant women.
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PMID:Management of urinary tract infections in pregnancy: a review with comments on single dose therapy. 129 18

Urinary tract infections in pregnant women develop owing to the short urethra in women, mechanical pressure of the uterus onto atonic urethra during pregnancy, atony of the urinary bladder caused by the level of progesterone, iatrogenic factors (catheterization), some metabolic disorders, anemia, obstipation etc. These are frequent reasons why pregnant women over the pregnancy period develop infections of urinary tract, where a significant number of them have bacteriuria showing no symptoms of acute infection whatsoever. The research covered unselectively 4,850 urine samples of pregnant women. The results obtained by classical methods--taking urinoculture and doing antibiogramme--have shown that in this sample there is a large number of asymptomatic bacteria (13%), which is complicated by an increased incidence of pyelonephritis gestoses in the second half of the pregnancy. In our sample, the commonest cause of urinary infections has been E. Coli, then the second trimester of risk gestation period; the risk group with regard to parity are primiparas, while the risk age is between 20 and 29.
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PMID:[Urinary infections during pregnancy and methods of prevention]. 136 37

Catheter-associated bacteriuria is the most common nosocomial infection in both acute and long-term care facilities. Complications include fever, bacteremia, acute pyelonephritis, urinary stones, chronic renal inflammation, and death. Catheter-associated bacteriuria can be postponed by maintaining the closed nature of the catheter system. Postponement may become prevention of bacteriuria if the catheter is removed as soon as possible.
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PMID:Catheter-associated bacteriuria. 142 36

Clinical usefulness of a newly developed assay kit for ACB (SD-8828) which detects urinary bacteria coating IgG was evaluated and compared to the enzyme antibody plate method. A total of 48 patients including 20 patients with acute simple cystitis and 28 patients with acute or chronic pyelonephritis, who were shown to have pyuria of at least 5 cells/HPF, bacteriuria of at least 10(4) CFU/ml were enrolled in this study. By enzyme antibody method. ABC was positive in 92.9% of patients with upper urinary tract infection and negative in 100% of patients with lower UTI, this difference being statistically significant (p < 0.02). By SD-8828, 85% of positive coincidence rate and 100% of negative coincidence rate, compared to the enzyme antibody technique, was obtained. The overall coincidence rate was high (91.7%). This SD-8828, a new simple assay for ACB, which detects IgG alternating the plate method, may be used as a convenient method in clinical practice.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of SD-8828 (antibody coated bacteria assay kit) in urinary tract infection]. 143 89

A total of 306 children with grade III to IV vesicoureteral reflux (international classification) and a history of documented urinary tract infection was randomized into medical (155 patients) or surgical (151 patients) treatment arms in the European portion of the International Reflux Study in Children. Children treated medically were maintained on prophylactic antibacterials as long as the reflux persisted, while those treated surgically were covered prophylactically until followup studies at 6 months postoperatively demonstrated the reflux to be corrected. Standard definitions for bacteriuria were used, and the distinction was made clinically among acute pyelonephritis, cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria, supported in many instances by additional laboratory testing. Urine was cultured after 3 months and whenever suspicious symptoms occurred. Urinary tract infections developed during the first 5-year followup period in 59 patients (38%) in the medical group and in 59 (39%) in the surgical group but the incidence of pyelonephritis was higher in the medical group (21%) than in the surgical group (10%) (p < 0.01). Pyelonephritis often followed catheterization or cystoscopy but asymptomatic bacteriuria was uncommon after these procedures in either group. Recurrent infections were related to age, sex and treatment center. They were common in boys and girls entering under 1 year of age but were less common in girls and rare in boys entering after 1 year of age. Recurrences were lowest among the Finnish children and highest in the German and Belgian children.
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PMID:Infection pattern in children with vesicoureteral reflux randomly allocated to operation or long-term antibacterial prophylaxis. The International Reflux Study in Children. 143 81

Twenty-three women with non-obstructive acute pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli were prospectively studied during 880 patient months, mean observation time 38 months. Each patient had between 1 and 4 new episodes of E. coli bacteriuria during the study period (altogether 49 recurrencies). All E. coli isolates were typed by biochemical fingerprinting. Twenty-six of the recurrencies were caused by an E. coli strain identical to one of those that had previously appeared. Sixteen of these infections were caused by a strain identical to the one that gave rise to the original acute pyelonephritis. Ten further recurrencies were due to an E. coli strain that had previously caused symptomatic or asymptomatic bacteriuria during the observation period. Despite appropriate treatment and repeated negative urine cultures post-treatment, infections caused by identical E. coli strains occurred up to 35 months after the initial episode of acute pyelonephritis. We suggest that the infecting E. coli strain may survive in the fecal flora or is harboured in the patient's surroundings, and after recolonizing the patient, these strains may give rise to further urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Urinary Escherichia coli causing recurrent infections--a prospective follow-up of biochemical phenotypes. 146 62

The term urinary tract infection (UTI) encompasses a broad range of clinical entities that share one characteristic: a positive urine culture. Clinical manifestations and responses to therapy are diverse even when comparable numbers of a particular bacterial species are identified on urine culture. These guidelines include discussion of acute uncomplicated cystitis, acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, and complicated infections of the urinary tract. It is proposed that the finding of > or = 10(3) cfu/mL of urine defines significant bacteriuria in acute uncomplicated cystitis, > or = 10(4) cfu/mL in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis and UTI in men, and > or = 10(5) cfu/mL in complicated UTI. The preferred clinical study design is prospective, randomized, and controlled with an active agent. Ideally, treatment with antimicrobial agents should eradicate the infecting organism, bring about the resolution of clinical signs and symptoms, have few adverse effects, and prevent reinfection.
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PMID:Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration. 147 33


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