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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients with well documented unilateral chronic pyelonephritis (UCP) of bacterial origin, one hypertensive and two normo-tensive, were presented. Removal of the contracted kidney in the hypertensive patient did not eradicate the hypertension. An attempt was made to define UCP as closely as possible. The clinical, roentgenologic, bacteriologic, functional and pathologic criteria of UCP was described. But, as other conditions may mimic the roentgenologic, functional and pathologic picture of UCP, a history of recurrent urinary tract infection accompanied by a documented unilateral renal bacteriuria is the basic requirement for a sustained diagnosis of UCP. In view of these more exacting criteria in the diagnosis of UCP, and its water and salt-losing functional pattern, UCP is a rare cause of hypertension, in the majority of cases the association of UCP with hypertension is merely coincidental.
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PMID:Unilateral chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension: coincidental or causal relationship? 71 16

In a direct comparative series were compared 204 functional, catheter, and mid-stream urines which were got simultaneously in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. In suprapubic vesical puncture 113 had a sterile urine, 91 showed a bacteriuria. After catheterisation 103 specimens were still sterile and 101 were bacterially infected. Of the mid-stream urines only 90 proved sterile, and 114 times pathogenic agents could be proved. While in males mid-stream urines achieved good results, in females a contamination was pretty frequent. Repeated investigations, estimation of the number of germs, and optimum taking essentially improve evidence. Though in females by means of catheterisation better bacteriological results may be achieved, in rare cases there is the danger of the invasion of germs. A clear judgment is possible, using the suprapubic vesical puncture.
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PMID:[Simultaneous diagnostic studies of bacteriuria as related to method of urine collection]. 74 72

Over a 20-year period at WHMC the annual incidence of acute antepartum pyelonephritis decreased from 4.0% to 0.8%. This decrease is correlated with the eradication of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Since urinary tract infections frequently recur, these antepartum patients must be monitored after therapy.
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PMID:The significance of eradication of bacteriuria during pregnancy. 76 22

A group B streptococcus recovered from a blood specimen from a neonate with sepsis was used to evaluate the use of mice for studies characterizing the hematogenous virulence and the asymptomatic mucosal colonization of the vagina or of the respiratory tract by these bacteria. When injected intravenously, the 50% lethal dose for mice was 10(6); however, as few as 10(2) organisms produced septic deaths. In mice undergoing water diuresis, bacteriuria and pyelonephritis were not produced after direct bladder inoculation of the streptococci. Asymptomatic vaginal colonizations that persisted for 12 days were produced in both pregnant and virgin mice. Vaginal colonization before delivery did not result in transmission of infection to litters or in protection against subsequent oropharyngeal colonization in the suckling mice. In mice born of nonexposed mothers, oropharyngeal colonization was produced in both suckling and 3-week-old weaned mice. Whereas infection persisted for 14 days in all suckling mice, clearance occurred in over 50% of the weaned mice by day 14. The use of mice for studies on the virulence of the group B streptococci as well as for studies on the pathogenesis of disease by virulent strains is discussed.
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PMID:Experimental group B streptococcal infections in mice: hematogenous virulence and mucosal colonization. 77 31

An investigation was made on patients with cervical carcinoma to test the efficiency of a general administration of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs which are commonly used in urology. The study has been made to analyze the frequency of pathological findings in the urinary tract, in general, and, in particular, the pattern of bacteriological findings as well as antibiogramms at different times of carcinoma therapy. Additionally, consideration was given to the bacteriological situation before the onset of carcinoma therapy and to manifest urologic complications during and after carcinoma therapy. In cases of primary absence of bacteria in urine the therapy preferably used in this clinic was that with chloramphenicol and nifurantin administered up to the 4th week after operation and this was sufficient in two thirds of cases. Conversely, in patients with primary bacteriuria the results of treatment after 4 weeks were satisfactory in only one third of the cases. This poses the necessity of making a more subtle selection of drugs including broad spectrum penicillins. Moreover, therapy has to be continued mainly for women with a previous urological history and for women in whom infections of the urinary tract were observed on release from the hospital. In addition to prevention of chronic pyelonephritis improvement of postoperative wound healing as well as restriction of ureteral fibrosis, hydronephrosis and uremia, as a result of general control of infection are also of considerable importance.
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PMID:[Progress in the prevention and control of urologic complications of the cervix carcinoma. I. Urinary tract infections]. 78 93

Bilateral nephrectomy was performed in 53 patients on regular haemodialysis. The indications were pyelonephritis in 30, polycystic kidneys in 6, glomerulnephritis in 7, uncontrollable hypertension in 9 and horseshoe kidney in 1. In 87 per cent of cases the operation was carried out as a separate procedure prior to transplantation. The mortality was 9 per cent and the postoperative complications included hypotension, clotting of arteriovenous shunts, pneumonia and subphrenic abscess. As a result of our experience we have revised our indications for bilateral nephrectomy which now are pyelonephritis only when associated with persistent bacteriuria or ureteric reflux, polycystic kidneys and uncontrollable hypertension.
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PMID:Bilateral nephrectomy prior to renal transplantation. 78 22

The test for antibody-coated bacteria in urine for the diagnosis of the anatomical level of urinary tract infections was evaluated in children with UTI. The ability of the test to differentiate between an upper and lower infection is influenced by the antiglobulin preparation used, since too sensitive an antiglobulin probably detects nonspecifically bound antibodies. Staphylococcal protein A seems to be well suited for use as an antiglobulin in this test. Using staphylococcal protein A all children with X-ray findings suggesting renal damage had antibody-coated bacteria in the urine, however, nine infants and 5 children and clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis had a negative test. Of 28 children with clinical symptoms of cystitis only one had a positive test. Of 50 children with asymptomatic bacteriuria 9 had antibody-coated bacteria in the urine; 41 had not. The findings indicate that the method might be useful in establishing the anatomical level of urinary tract infection and might also be useful for screening children with asymptomatic bacteriuria who risk developing kidney infections.
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PMID:Antibody-coated bacteria in the urine of children with urinary tract infections. 78 40

Recent advances in the understanding of urinary tract anatomy, function, and disease should lead to a reassessment of the clinical approach to urinary tract infection. Many traditional concepts must be seriously questioned in light of new information. These include the belief that pyuria or "typical" signs and symtoms are diagnostic. Diagnosis depends on detection of persistent bacteriuria by careful screening and culture of properly collected uring specimens. Once diagnosis is confirmed, oral administration of a single antibiotic for ten days is usually effective. Patients with suspected pyelonephritis or with recurrent or unresponsive urinary tract infection should be treated with two antibiotics. Success of treatment must always be confirmed by culture after discontinuance of therapy. In all cases, follow-up every one to two months should continue until the patients have remained free of infection for a period of one year. Refractory cases may require radiologic study and referral to a urologist.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections in children and adolescents. 79 Mar 49

Over a 22-month period, the fluorescent antibody (FA) technic was used to evaluate 195 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) during pregnancy. Postpartum intravenous pyelograms (IVP) were obtained for 86 patients. The results were correlated as to the site (upper or lower urinary tract) of infection. Regardless of the result of the FA test, results of IVP were abnormal in 40% to 41% of patients witn antenatal pyelonephritis. This was in contrast to only 9.4% abnormalities in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria and negative FA tests.
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PMID:Infections of the urinary tract during pregnancy: use of fluorescent antibody technic as an aid in patient evaluation. 79 91

The author discusses the conditions which an experimental pyelonephritis must fulfill to provide therapeutic results which will allow the assessment of new therapeutic agents. He subjects the chosen model to the therapeutic effect of four antibiotics and three antimicrobial drugs. A numeric value is given to the bacteriuria recession slope observed during the experiment. A comparison of the results being obtained with the bacteriological and pharmacological data normally evaluated, the author demonstrates the value of the present study. The analysis of the results collected during the tests shows that comparison between antibiotics are of greater value when they are of the same family. Nevertheless, the experimental pattern, when applied to antibiotics as different as kanamycine and cephalosporins, give a very good correlation particularly when the overstepping coefficient, as proposed by Canetti, is calculated on the results expressed as free products.
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PMID:[Experimental pyelonephritis in rats: value in the comparison of antibiotics (author's transl)]. 79 16


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