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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the passive hemagglutination test, 588 sera of patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 163 sera of pregnant women with persistent bacteriuria were investigated for the presence of antibodies aginst the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). 10.2 percent of titers in the pyelonephritis group and 6.1 percent of titers of the pregnant women showed values higher than 1:16. The results were compared to a group of blood donors where 0.9 percent of the sera had pathological titers. The demonstration of ECA antibodies does not seem to be suitable for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Problems of serological diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. 4 91

Sixty-three girls with covert bacteriuria were included in a controlled trial of therapy. Recurrent infection in the treated group was common and was not significantly different from the rate of persistent infection in the untreated control group. Two children in each group developed clinical pyelonephritis; the others have remained healthy and all of them have a normal rate of growth. 2 years after diagnosis three of the thirty-four children in the control group and one of twenty-six children in the treated group have radiological evidence of new scars of pyelonephritis. These changes were relatively minor and in both groups of children renal growth was similar to that in normal children. It is suggested that for most of these children therapy is not essential, and that when renal changes occur they are of little or no significance. Prescriptive screening for cobert bacteriuria of childhood cannot be recommended at present.
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PMID:Controlled trial of therapy in covert bacteriuria of childhood. 4 11

The somatic (O) and casular (K) antigens of Escherichia coli from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and in the faeces of healthy schoolchildren have been investigated. Typing antisera for sixteen capsular acidic polysaccharide K antigens were used, and five (numbers 1, 2, 3, 12, and 13) accounted for 70% of isolates from patients with acute pyelonephritis. These five K antigens were found to a lesser extent in the three other study groups. Thus, only a few K polysaccharides are associated with virulent properties of E. coli for the upper urinary tract. This finding is similar to the association of only some capsular types of pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae with invasiveness. The identification of virulence markers for E. coli associated with upper-urinary-tract disease may permit more successful control with reference to preventive immunisation.
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PMID:Frequency of E. coli K antigens in urinary-tract infections in children. 6 70

The antibody amounts to crude O antigens were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) technique in 42 sera from 6 rabbits. The rabbits were hyperimmunized with one of the WHO Escherichia coli standard strains O1, O2 or O75. In the antibody assays the O antigens were obtained from E. coli strains isolated from 15 patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), from 3 patients with acute pyelonephritis and from the WHO E. coli strains used for the immunization. The strains from the patients belonged to serogroup O1, O2 or O75. Significantly higher IgG and IgM antibody levels were detected with the ELISA when using the O1 and O2 but not O75 antigens from the pyelonephritis and WHO standard strains than when using the antigens from the ABU strains. Using the IHA technique the O1, O2 and O75, IgG and IgM antibody titers against the antigens from the pyelonephritis and WHO standard strains were significantly higher than those against the antigens from the ABU strains. In inhibition experiments the antigens from the strains causing pyelonephritis inhibited the reaction between antigen on solid phase and antibodies in solution much more efficiently than did antigens from strains causing ABU.
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PMID:Differences in antigenicity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with various forms of urinary tract infections. 7 17

The ability to become attached to normal epithelial cells from the urinary tract was much greater in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis or cystitis than in those isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Attachment of the bacteria could be prevented by incubation in urine containing antibodies against the strain tested. The ability to attach to uroepithelial cells might be a virulence factor for E. coli strains which cause symptomatic urinary-tract infection.
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PMID:Variable adherence to normal human urinary-tract epithelial cells of Escherichia coli strains associated with various forms of urinary-tract infection. 7 61

Pyelonephritis followed ureteral inoculation of bacteria in both infant and adult monkeys. Because of the frequency of reflux in infants this was done by bladder inoculation, although ureteral inoculation was necessary in adults. The longer duration of bacteriuria in infants may be attributable to a relative immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Experimental pyelonephritis in the monkey. VI. Infection of infants versus adults. 10 79

Urinary tract infections can be found in either sex at any age. While the majority occur in adult females as acute cystitis, recurrent symptomatic bacteriuria, or asymptomatic bacteriuria, adult males with prostatitis or acute pyelonephritis and children with symptomatic urinary tract infections comprise a considerable portion of patients seen. Management in pregnant females or in males with indwelling catheters or before prostatic surgery presents special problems. The choice of drug and dosage schedule should vary according to the infecting agent and the clinical state of the patient.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections. 24 8

Urinary tract infection is a common disorder of childhood which frequently causes no symptoms. Bacteriological proof should always be obtained because symptoms may be misleading. The diagnosis of a first infection should lead to radiological investigation. Routine tests to localize the site of infection are not yet available but their use in the future in conjunction with increased awareness of the factors leading to pyelonephritis should help to identify children at risk from renal damage. Two thirds of children with urinary infections have normal lower urinary tracts or only minor abnormalities and may be treated for symptomatic infections with intermittent antibiotics. The risk of renal damage from infection is virtually confined to the remainder: children with obstructive uropathy, preschool children with severe vesicoureteric reflux, and those with pre-existing chronic renal failure. It remains to be shown by controlled therapeutic trials whether renal scarring can be prevented by long-term chemoprophylaxis or surgical correction of reflux. Until the results of current trails are known, children with reflux or impaired renal function should be treated medically in the first instance and screening of healthy children for covert bacteriuria should probably be confined to the preschool age-group.
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PMID:The management of urinary infections in children. 32 22

Acute pyelonephritis (but not cystitis or "asymptomatic" bacteriuria) due to Escherichia coli induces serum antibodies to O-but rarely to K-antigens, especially not to the most common antigen, K1. Locally produced secretory IgA and IgG antibodies to O-and K-antigens appear in urine during most infections. The E. coli in urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria are different from those in patients with acute pyelonephritis and cystitis and undergo continuous changes, presumably caused by the local antibody response. The E. coli become less virulent and are less able to attach to uroepithelial cells than E. coli causing acute symptomatic infections. Antibodies in urine prevent epithelial adherence. Parenteral and intravesicular injections of killed bacteria can protect against ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A few K-antigens dominate among E. coli that cause urinary tract infections. Vaccination of problem cases is a possibility because of the protective nature of K-antibodies. The mechanism of renal scarring that appears in some patients with urinary tract infections is unknown. Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein that increase after acute pyelonephritis or the cross-reactions noted between certain E. coli and antigens on the kidney may be involved.
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PMID:Antigens of Escherichia coli, human immune response, and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. 33 Jul 73

Urinary sediments of 64 pregnant women with significant bacteriuria which has been demonstrated several times before, have been investigated for the presence of antibody coated bacteria. Antibody titers were determined in the corresponding serum samples in addition and the results were compared with the clinical diagnosis. In 50% of pregnant women with pyelonephritis antibody coated bacteria could be demonstrated, while 60% of them had elevated serum titers. Taking into account both results in 80% of the pregnant women the clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis could be confirmed. Pregnant women with asymptomatically significant bacteriuria never gave positive results, whereas pregnant women with cystitis mainly did have negative results. The demonstration of antibody coated bacteria in the urinary sediments of pregnant women with significant bacteriuria as well as the detection of elevated serum antibody titers with the indirect immunofluorescence technique against the urinary strain were found to be of importance for the valuation of a significant bacteriuria.
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PMID:[Demonstration of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine of pregnant women]. 33 54


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