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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinicopathologic features of 17 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are described, together with results on a number of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques that were used to demonstrate the variety of cells involved. Based on our clinicopathologic data and review of the literature, we believe that xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be regarded as a destructive, and, at times, tumefactive inflammatory process that may complicate chronic pyelonephritis. The initiation of this process remains an enigma. However, there appears to be three main features that are associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: pelvicalyceal obstruction, ulceration of the pelvicalyceal urothelium, and bacterial infection.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A reappraisal and immunohistochemical study. 334 25

In caring for women with acute dysuria, clinicians traditionally have relied on clinical findings to distinguish between acute pyelonephritis and "cystitis"; they have ordered urinalysis and urine culture regularly for patients with suspected acute pyelonephritis and ordered these tests inconsistently for patients with suspected "cystitis." Recent evidence indicates that "cystitis" may actually be any of six different clinical conditions, each of which is managed differently; subclinical pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract bacterial infection, chlamydial urethritis, other forms of urethritis, vaginitis, or dysuria without any urinary tract or vaginal infection. The distinction between these entities is made primarily from clinical findings. Urinalysis is also of great value in symptomatic patients; the presence of pyuria (and possibly indirect quantitation of pyuria by the leukocyte esterase test) is a reliable indicator of treatable infection, and its absence indicates infection is not present. In contrast, urine culture is of clear value only in patients with acute pyelonephritis or subclinical pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Urinalysis and urine culture in women with dysuria. 351 13

Cutaneous diversion of the urine through intestinal conduits results in bacteriuria with uropathogenic organisms in up to 80% of patients, many of whom suffer pyelonephritis. Analysis of the bacteriologic data from daily sampling at multiple sites and scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of sequential loop and autopsy specimens in rabbits with functioning colonic conduits indicate that the pyelonephritis evolves in sequential stages of microbial colonization. Using these data on the natural progression of bacterial infection, we can rationally test the ability of strains of bacteria indigenous to the conduit of this animal model to prevent uropathogenic colonization of the conduit.
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PMID:Bacterial colonization of intestinal urinary conduit diversion: a morphologic and bacteriologic experimental study. 360 41

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were conducted to evaluate cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem type antibiotic, in the pediatric field. A total of 9 pediatric patients (2-14 years) was treated with intravenous injection of CZON: 4 cases with one shot of 20 mg/kg, 2 cases with one shot of 40 mg/kg and 3 cases with drip infusion over 1 hour of 40 mg/kg. CZON concentrations in serum and the excretion in urine were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 49.0, 22.7, 9.03, 2.13, 0.37, and 0.09 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg one shot intravenous injections, mean serum concentrations were 117.5, 68.0, 26.2, 8.80, 0.63 and 0.19 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg intravenous drip infusions over 1 hour, mean concentrations were 57.1, 78.8, 12.9, 1.12 and 0.23 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Mean half-lives were 0.69 hour for 20 mg/kg one shot injections, 0.44 hour for 40 mg/kg one shot injections, and 0.58 hour for 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusions. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hour after administration were 70.8% (mean) for the 20 mg/kg one shot injection, 44.1% (1 case) for the 40 mg/kg one shot injection, and 60.0% (mean) for the 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusion. CZON was administered in 26 cases of pediatric infections, and the clinical efficacy, antibacterial activity, and side effects were evaluated. Of the 26 cases 2 were excluded for the reason of not having bacterial infection, and the remaining 24 cases were assessed. Included in the 24 cases were 16 cases of acute pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent otitis media, acute apical periodontitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), acute pyelonephritis, and acute enteritis. Clinical efficacy evaluation showed 19 excellent cases and 5 good cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, beta-Streptococcus 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 10 strains, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1 strain, Proteus mirabilis 1 strain, and Campylobacter jejuni 1 strain were determined or assumed as pathogens, but all of them were eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 361 84

Fifty patients were treated for suspected serious bacterial infection with Timentin 3.2 g 6-8-hourly. Three patients did not complete a minimum of 48 h treatment. Pathogens were isolated from 28 of the remaining 47 patients; 13 were resistant to ticarcillin but fully sensitive to Timentin; six of these isolates were Staphylococcus aureus. Five of the patients with Timentin-sensitive organisms or no significant growth failed to respond or relapsed after Timentin but also failed on subsequent therapy. An additional patient relapsed because of inadequate duration of treatment and one patient, with salmonella enteritis, became an asymptomatic carrier. The Timentin-resistant organisms were a Pseudomonas aeruginosa which responded to ceftazidime, a Klebsiella pneumoniae which was of doubtful clinical significance and an Escherichia coli which caused a relapse of pyelonephritis 16 days after apparently successful treatment with Timentin. No serious adverse reactions were seen. Timentin was effective against ticarcillin-resistant organisms but its final role will depend on the prevalence and significance of in-vitro resistance to the combination amongst Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads.
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PMID:An open study of Timentin for the initial treatment of serious infections. 363 31

The structural basis for the cross-reactivity between the Escherichia coli K13, K20 and K23 capsular polysaccharides is the----)-beta-ribofuranosyl-(1----7)-beta-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate polymer. Monoclonal antibodies against E. coli K13 which require O-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate for binding were further investigated. Such antibodies, of both the IgG and the IgM isotype, opsonized E. coli K13 in vitro and protected against intraperitoneal infection in mice as well as ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A monoclonal IgG1 anti-idiotype, specific for the K13 polysaccharide combining site of a protective IgM idiotype, primed for protection against intraperitoneal infection with live E. coli K13 following K13 injections at four as well as 12 weeks of age, the K13 polysaccharide alone did not immunize and protect. The monoclonal anti-K13 idiotype only primed for protection at four weeks of age. These findings suggest a strong effect of a single idiotype on the outcome of a bacterial infection.
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PMID:Studies on immunity against Escherichia coli K13 with monoclonal anti-K13 and anti-anti-K13. 390 58

Autovaccination of rats with chronic pyelonephritis carried out approximately two months after the onset of infection does not result in an improved histological picture in the infected but can prevent destructive processes in the controlateral kidney. Cyclophosphamide administered in three doses of 30 mg/kg simultaneously with autovaccination slightly modulates the immune response to the infectious strain. The temporal relationship between immunization and cyclophosphamide administration determines the mode of action of cyclophosphamide. In the present experiment, the concept of Miller has not proved to be applicable. Cyclophosphamide administration causes a distinct increase in inflammatory processes in the kidney. Should an enhancement phenomenon be involved in the bacterial infection of the kidney, of which we have found no proof, cyclophosphamide therapy as it was used in the present study would not result in its removal and thus in improved elimination of the infectious organism. Additional experiments are required to determine whether animals subjected to autovaccination are protected against a new episode of urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Effect of autovaccination on the course of urinary tract infection in animal experiment. 391 Jul 24

The role of the renal papillae in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy was studied by endoscopy and histology in adult autopsy kidneys. Compound papillae with a concave area cribrosa of the "reflux type" were found in greater frequency in adults than in children. Acute purulent inflammation in the renal parenchyma or coarse pyelonephritic scars were seen almost always overlying "refluxing" papillae or overlying papillae altered by papillary necrosis, obstructive atrophy and other changes of papillary shape. Intrapapillary tubular obstruction in early analgesic nephropathy, gout, myeloma and medullary cystic disease is an other factor favouring bacterial infection to occur. Without an underlying renal papillary damage renal injury attributable to urinary infection seems to be rare.
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PMID:[Significance of kidney papillae in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy]. 405 18

In animals developing experimentally induced unilateral pyelonephritis, both the infected kidney (IK) and the contralateral noninfected kidney (NIK) showed an immediate increase in renal lysozyme activity of about 5 days' duration after the unilateral injection of viable Proteus mirabilis into the renal cortex. Lysozyme activities of the NIK were consistently higher than those of the IK. This initial increase was followed by a second increase which lasted throughout the period of observation (17 days), and enzyme activities of the NIK were consistently higher than those of the IK. In saline punctured kidneys of control animals, both the saline punctured kidney (SP) and the non-saline punctured kidney (NSP) showed only the immediate increase in renal lysozyme activity, which persisted until the SP was completely healed. These enzyme activities were less than those observed in the infected animals, but the response of the NSP was greater than that of the SP. Trauma not directed to the kidney does not produce a similar response of renal lysozyme. The elevated renal lysozyme of the NIK could not be shown to protect it from bacterial infection.
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PMID:Renal lysozyme levels in animals developing Proteus mirabilis-induced pyelonephritis. 554 3

The recent observation that the administration of cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent, leads to the eradication of bacterial infection in experimental pyelonephritis seems paradoxical. However, cyclophosphamide is also an immunostimulator and, on the basis of its known characteristics, could enhance cell-mediated immunity either by modulation of suppressor cell activity or by depletion of infection-induced suppressor cells. This study examined these alternatives and the relation between suppressor cells, cell-mediated immunity, and cyclophosphamide administration. Cyclophosphamide enhanced the resistance of lymphocytes to the activity of suppressor cells but did not enhance cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Immunomodulatory interactions of suppressor cells, cell-mediated immunity, and cyclophosphamide in experimental pyelonephritis. 622 13


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