Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Study of case-notes and autopsy reports of patients with renal disease suggests that analgesic nephropathy is responsible for at least 12 per cent of cases of chronic renal failure, Between 1970 and 1975 eight new cases of analgesic nephropathy were seen annually in a population of three-quarters of a million. This is equivalent to an incidence of 490 new cases per year in England and Wales. Fifty-five patients with analgesic nephropathy were followed from one to 84 months for a total of 190 patient years. Changes in renal function were correlated with bacteriuria, hypertension and analgesic consumption. One-third of the cases had been misdiagnosed and analgesic abuse was only revealed by thorough examination of case-notes and autopsy records, together with careful questioning of patients and relatives. A number of cases had been classified as chronic pyelonephritis. The calculated survival rate at five years was 44 per cent. Mortality was related to the level of analgesic consumption and the degree of renal failure at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis was poor if serum creatinine at presentation was greater than 400 mumol/l. There was no significant correlation between deterioration in renal function and bacteriuria or hypertension. Forty-two per cent of the patients were taking analgesics for arthritis; 27 per cent had rheumatoid arthritis. Most had been taking large quantities of analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin. Renal papillary necrosis was present in only 26 per cent on intravenous urography but was found in all those examined at autopsy. Twenty thousand, two hundred and twenty-nine autopsy reports were examined for the presence of renal disease. Renal papillary necrosis was found in 0.41 per cent, and could be attributed to analgesic nephropathy in 24 per cent. In patients under 65 years of age analgesic nephropathy appeared to be a more frequent cause of death than chronic pyelonephritis. The report indicates the need for careful enquiry about analgesic consumption in all patients with renal disease, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and cessation of analgesics in suspected cases of analgesic nephropathy.
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PMID:Analgesic nephropathy: an important cause of chronic renal failure. 67 50

AP isoenzymes were estimated in 292 patients with locomotor diseases and in 124 healthy controls. The diagnostic usefulness of AP determination is increased by estimation of isoenzymes. Investigations were made to study the biological profile of organ specific AP activities: 1. Rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome - the total AP and L-AP activities were increased. 2. Ankylosing spondylitis treated by physiotherapy - the total AP, B-AP and I-AP activities were increased. After drug therapy an increase occurred also in L-AP activity while I-AP activity showed no significant change. 3. Progressive OA of hip and knee showed increased levels of total AP and B-AP activities. 4. Degenerative diseases of the spine, chiefly cases of discopathy, showed significantly reduced levels of AP and B-AP activities. 5. In osteoporosis there was an increase in total AP, L-AP, B-AP and I-AP activities. 6. In the active generalised form of Paget's disease, increased levels were found of total AP, B-AP, I-AP and L-AP activities. 7. In neoplastic diseases the isoenzymes can help to reveal metastatic dissemination and thus aid preoperative evaluation. 8. In gout and hyperuricemic syndromes there was a relative increase of B-AP activity and non-significant fall of L-AP activity. Increased levels of L-AP occured in patients with gallbladder disease, after immunosuppressive therapy or after infectious hepatitis. A fall of L-AP levels was found after Corticotrophin and after intraarticular administration of Kenalog. Increased B-AP activities occurred after total hip replacement, in acute or chronic pyelonephritis and in active osteonecrosis and osteoporosis. Anabolic therapy caused a significant fale of B-AP activity to fall significantly. Reduced B-AP levels were also found after antibiotic therapy. Increased I-AP activity was found in cases of osteoporosis, and in secondary amyloidosis; reduced I-AP activity was seen in mucous colitis. The activity of I-AP is assumed to increase as a result of the changed intestinal calcium and phosphorus regulation occurring in association with the enhanced bone tissue metabolism. From this point of view an order of significance is given for the activity of bone pathology in the separate diagnostic groups of locomotor diseases.
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PMID:The clinical significance of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in locomotor diseases. 105 9

Previous studies have shown that the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) to animals with experimentally induced pyelonephritis resulted in considerable exacerbation of infection. T-lymphocytes are not involved in the host response to pyelonephritis but neutrophils are known to be a key component in the pathogenesis of this infection, so the effect of CsA on this inflammatory component was investigated. CsA administration did not affect the metabolic activity of neutrophils in vitro nor their ability to phagocytose and kill microorganisms. However, the ability of neutrophils to mobilize to a sterile inflammatory focus in vivo was significantly impaired. Further experiments, using models of pyelonephritis and subcutaneous infection, demonstrated that the CsA-induced suppression of neutrophil mobilization was directly related to the observed increase in bacterial numbers and exacerbation of tissue damage. Additionally, the actual effect of CsA on host defences and the outcome of infection was found to be dependent on the level of the initial infectious challenge. The results of this study provide an explanation for the current pattern of infectious disease in patients treated with CsA, in whom infection with extracellular pathogens is still common. It is also clear that the effect of CsA on inflammatory mechanisms may explain the efficacy of the agent in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This suggests a wider therapeutic role for CsA than is currently recognized.
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PMID:Cyclosporin A modulation of the acute inflammatory response: an explanation for the effect of CsA on host defences in infection. 210 9

We report the findings of a large localized collection of rheumatoid nodules in the renal cortex of a male patient with long-standing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid nodules are a rare occurrence in the urinary tract, with only two previous reports of renal involvement, to our knowledge. A possible relationship, on the basis of immunologically mediated mechanisms, to accompanying chronic pyelonephritis is proposed.
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PMID:Multiple rheumatoid nodules of the renal cortex. 232 49

The presence of tissue kallikrein in polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes from normal human blood and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and pyelonephritis was investigated. Immunoreactive tissue kallikrein was specifically detected in neutrophil leucocytes. PMN leucocytes displayed a granular staining. In the synovial membrane and kidney, the cells were aggregated into pockets as part of an inflammatory infiltrate. The presence of immunoreactive tissue kallikrein in human PMN leucocytes may provide a new insight into the importance of this enzyme in inflammation.
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PMID:Presence of immunoreactive tissue kallikrein in human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes. 269 12

A hospital-based case-control study of 153 multiple myeloma (MM) cases and 459 controls was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that chronic or frequent infections or allergic and autoimmune diseases might be of higher prevalence in individuals who develop MM. Information was obtained by direct interviews of subjects. Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, race, and hospital. "Immune-stimulating conditions" included chronic infections such as pyelonephritis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), prostatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and other collagen vascular diseases, allergies, bronchitis, tuberculosis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, and osteomyelitis. The overall odds ratio (OR) (odds of history of immune-stimulating conditions in cases versus controls) was 0.4 (95% confidence interval = 0.3-0.7) which suggested that cases had significantly less immune-stimulating conditions than did controls. The exposure rate for these conditions was high for cases (0.7) as well as for all control groups (0.8). These findings suggest that immune-stimulating conditions alone are not the causative factor in the etiology of MM, though they may play a role in the predisposed individual.
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PMID:Role of immune stimulation in the etiology of multiple myeloma: a case control study. 381 65

In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine. Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta-glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g. lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by means of other methods.
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PMID:[Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs]. 636 87

The renal biopsies of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and clinical evidence of renal disease were reviewed; only patients in whom the intravenous pyelogram was normal were subjected to biopsy, thus excluding those with papillary necrosis and chronic pyelonephritis. Tissue was studied by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. There were 13 cases of mesangial change, 9 of membranous glomerulonephritis, 4 of tubulointerstitial change, 2 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1 case of amyloid and 1 of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents. All 9 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis but only 6 of 13 with mesangial change had received gold or penicillamine. We found no evidence of "glomerulitis" or of a rheumatoid vasculitis.
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PMID:Renal biopsy appearances in rheumatoid disease. 662 62

The case histories and autopsy findings of 79 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)--15 patients with and 64 patients without a history of long term corticoid treatment--who had died in the years 1952-1977 and who had been autopsied in the University Institute of Pathology of Graz were evaluated with respect to organic lesions caused by infections and were compared with an exactly matched control group. Both in the rheumatoid group material and in the 64 RA patients without steroid. long term treatment there was a highly significant accumulation of putrid bronchitis and pneumonia and a significant accumulation of pyelonephritis in comparison to the control group. As far as bronchiectases and pulmonary tuberculosis are concerned, there was an increased prevalence in the RA group, but this was beyond the range of statistical significance. Possible reasons that might account for the elevated susceptibility to infections in patients with RA are discussed.
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PMID:[Susceptibility for infections in patients with chronic polyarthritis]. 741 84

The relationship between a history of selected medical conditions and risk of lymphomas was investigated in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 429 incident, histologically confirmed cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 158 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 1157 controls admitted to hospitals for acute conditions. The odds ratios (OR) for NHL were above unity in patients with a history of infectious mononucleosis (OR 2.9), herpes zoster (OR 1.8), pyelonephritis (OR 4.9), tuberculosis (OR 1.8), malaria (OR 1.9), any chronic bacterial diseases (OR 1.7), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.7) and psoriasis (OR 2.5). With reference to HD, the ORs were 4.0 for infectious mononucleosis, 2.9 for herpes zoster, 3.3 for pyelonephritis, 2.3 for tuberculosis, 1.4 for chronic bacterial diseases, 2.4 for rheumatoid arthritis, 2.7 for psoriasis and 2.1 for diabetes. The association of NHL and HD with herpes zoster was restricted to the first ten years since the onset of the disease. The relationships between NHL and mononucleosis (OR 12.9), malaria (OR 2.8) and psoriasis (OR 14.0) were stronger for cases aged > or = 60 years, and that with tuberculosis (OR 3.5) was stronger for younger cases. For HD, the positive association was stronger for cases aged > or = 40 years for herpes zoster (OR 3.8) and diabetes (OR 2.6). An increased risk of NHL was found in association with poliomyelitis (OR 1.6) (restricted to cases aged > or = 60 years, OR 4.0) and BCG immunizations (OR 1.6), but not with vaccination against smallpox, tetanus and diphtheria; increased risks of HD were found in relation to poliomyelitis and BCG immunization in cases aged > or = 40 years (OR respectively 2.5 and 2.1), or > or = 50 years (OR 4.3 and 2.2). Thus, our results confirm the association between a history of several chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases and the risk of NHL or HD, and are compatible with a role of chronic immunological alterations in the aetiology of lymphomas.
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PMID:Medical history and risk of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 1077 11


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