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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five different benign causes of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults without prior obstructive history are presented: aortic aneurysm, renal cyst, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, eosinophilic ureteritis, and a crossing blood vessel. Although uncommon, these etiologies warrant consideration when an adult patient presents with ureteropelvic junction obstruction without a prior history of obstruction.
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PMID:Benign causes of acquired ureteropelvic junction obstruction: a uroradiologic spectrum. 661 18

Helical computed tomography (CT) allows rapid, cost-effective evaluation of patients with acute abdominal pain. Tailoring the examination to the working clinical diagnosis by optimizing constituent factors (eg, timing of acquisition, contrast material used, means and rate of contrast material administration, collimation, pitch) can markedly improve diagnostic accuracy. Rapid (>/=3 mL/sec) intravenous injection of contrast material is required for optimal assessment of acute pancreatitis, ischemic bowel, aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection. Narrow collimation and small reconstruction intervals can help detect calculi in the biliary system and genitourinary tract. Tailored helical CT in patients with acute pyelonephritis usually involves several acquisitions through the kidneys during various phases of renal enhancement. In patients with suspected renal infarction, CT protocol must include an acquisition during the corticomedullary phase. Helical CT with 5-mm collimation through the lower abdomen and pelvis is used to evaluate patients with suspected diverticulitis. Use of both oral and intravenous contrast material can help localize small bowel perforation and characterize related complications. Tailored helical CT for assessment of abdominal hemorrhage consists of initial unenhanced CT followed by optional contrast material-enhanced CT. Clear communication between the radiologist, the patient, and the referring physician is essential for narrowing the differential diagnosis into a working diagnosis prior to helical CT.
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PMID:Tailored helical CT evaluation of acute abdomen. 1083 25

This report describes a 56-year-old man with a ruptured infected abdominal aortic aneurysm secondary to Salmonella bacteremia, initially presenting as acute pyelonephritis. Spike fever with severe back pain continued despite empiric antibiotic treatment at a local hospital. Hypotension with a sudden hemoglobin drop was observed on the second hospitalization day. Abdominal computed tomography to further examine the bleeding focus confirmed a rupture of the mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. This case was successfully treated through prompt surgical intervention and aggressive protracted antibiotic therapy. The case presented herein raises concerns about the uncommon but life-threatening mycotic aneurysm presented initially as acute pyelonephritis. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical and antibiotic treatment of the Salmonella mycotic aortic aneurysm is crucial for a satisfactory outcome.
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PMID:Mycotic aneurysm presenting as acute pyelonephritis. 1238 Sep 16

This article reports a rare case of acute pyelonephritis with bacteriemia due to non-tiphoidal Salmonella associated with a mycotic aneurysm. The patient was a 75-year-old woman without histories of immunosuppression or urologic deformation. It was about a patient presenting a feverish access and urinary symptoms. Blood culture and urine culture showed Salmonella enteritidis; in spite of a prolonged antibiotic treatment, the multiple bacteriological explorations remained positive. The research for this infection source allowed the discovery of a thoracic aorta aneurysm with hypermetabolism in the PET-scan carrying the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm. Urinary salmonellosis represents 0.07% (Tena et al., 2007 [1]) of the urinary tract infections. They are rarely found in healthy patients; their eradication can turn out to be difficult when the infection source persists.
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PMID:[Vascular complication of an acute pyelonephritis]. 2354 12

Primary aortoduodenal fistula (PADF) is a direct communication between the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and duodenum. It is a rare entity and causes life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion, and surgery offers the only hope for survival. We present a 73-year-old male who was initially admitted to the hospital with back pain and fever. He was diagnosed with pyelonephritis and treated with antibiotics. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed an AAA, but no aortoduodenal fistula was seen. Twelve days later, he was admitted to the hospital as he was hemodynamically unstable. An emergency laparotomy revealed a PADF which was repaired. The aortic aneurysm was repaired with an in situ silver graft and a bifemoral bypass. However, the patient developed severe graft infection and later succumbed.
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PMID:Primary Aortoduodenal Fistula-A Case Report and a Review of the Literature. 2717 58

We report a case of ruptured mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm treated with a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap after stent-graft implantation. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus that had developed septicemia as a result of pyelonephritis and a perinephric abscess. The patient required emergency stent-graft implantation due to rupture of an infected thoracic aortic aneurysm on hospital day 10. On hospital day 19, the abscess cavity was debrided and irrigated, and a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap was created. No recurrence of the inflammatory reaction was observed at 1 year postoperatively.
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PMID:[Successful Emergency Management of an Infected Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Using a Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap after Stent-graft Implantation;Report of a Case]. 2829 8

Spontaneous rupture of the thoracic aorta is a rare disease with a poor prognosis without obvious trauma, aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. We report 2 cases of successful endovascular aortic repair for spontaneous rupture of the thoracic aorta. Case 1:A 79-year-old man was referred to our hospital complaining of general fatigue. He returned home without any obvious abnormalities in blood tests and computed tomography (CT). The patient was aware of dizziness and fluttering in the early morning the next day, and was transported to the hospital by shock vital. CT showed rupture of descending aorta, so we performed emergent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Postoperatively, the patient progressed without paraplegia and was transferred to other hospital on the 15th day of hospital for the purpose of rehabilitation. Case 2:A 87-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with suspected pyelonephritis, but his respiratory status was gradually exacerbated. CT showed a rupture of the thoracic aorta at the distal arch. Ten days ago, CT showed no findings suggestive of aneurysm and dissection at the same site of aorta. We performed emergency TEVAR. She was removed from mechanical ventilation on the 4th postoperative day. We are continuing rehabilitation treatment now.
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PMID:[Emergent Endovascular Treatment of Spontaneous Rupture of the Thoracic Aorta]. 3170 7

Thoracic and abdominal pathology are common in the emergency setting. Although computed tomography is preferred in many clinical situations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have emerged as powerful techniques that often play a complementary role to computed tomography or may have a primary role in selected patient populations in which radiation is of specific concern or intravenous iodinated contrast is contraindicated. This review will highlight the role of MRI and MRA in the emergent imaging of thoracoabdominal pathology, specifically covering acute aortic pathology (acute aortic syndrome, aortic aneurysm, and aortitis), pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal conditions such as appendicitis and Crohn disease, pancreatic and hepatobiliary disease (pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and liver abscess), and genitourinary pathology (urolithiasis and pyelonephritis). In each section, we will highlight the specific role for MRI, discuss basic imaging protocols, and illustrate the MRI features of commonly encountered thoracoabdominal pathology.
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PMID:Role of MRI in the Evaluation of Thoracoabdominal Emergencies. 3326 75