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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), with hypoplasia especially of renal proximal convoluted tubules and clinical neonatal anuria or oliguria, has been reported as a congenital familial (autosomal recessive) disease, variably with features of oligohydramnios, Potter syndrome, or pulmonary hypoplasia. A similar tubular lesion due to antenatal tubular atrophy has been reported for conjoined twins with twin-twin transfusion syndrome or acardia and in infants of mothers given antihypertensive agents, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, during pregnancy, and it has been seen as a unilateral lesion in young infants with renal artery stenosis due to arteritis or medial arterial calcinosis. The renal tubular changes in RTD are very like those of the "endocrine kidney" in experimental animals and resemble those of the renal tubular atrophy of end-stage kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial kidney disease, obstructive uropathy/pyelonephritis, graft rejection of transplanted kidneys, or the renal parenchymal changes seen with protracted dialysis therapy. Labeled lectins that differentially mark proximal convoluted, distal convoluted and connecting, and collecting tubules showed no distinctive differences in staining patterns of the hypoplastic renal tubules of infants and children with RTD, postnatal renal artery obstruction, or the various types of end-stage renal disease with the lectins used (PNA, GSLI, UEA, and LTA). The findings suggest that the renal tubular changes in some if not all the conditions studied are the result of renal ischemia. The reported familial RTD with hypernephronic nephromegaly may be a specific disorder, but other forms could reflect renal ischemia acquired in utero or in early or later postnatal life.
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PMID:Labeled lectin studies of renal tubular dysgenesis and renal tubular atrophy of postnatal renal ischemia and end-stage kidney disease. 815 24

We report our experience with 3 uraemic patients who were found to have transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder after undergoing haemodialysis for an average of 18 months (range 11-28). The underlying causes of renal failure were chronic glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. Bloody urethral discharge was the cardinal symptom. Because of anuria, it was often discovered at a late stage. In spite of their poor general condition and advanced stage, palliative surgical intervention was still performed. After a mean follow-up of 9 months, progression of disease was noted in 1 patient. The importance of regular follow-up in patients with end-stage renal disease for early detection of concomitant cancer cannot be over-emphasised. Uraemic patients with urothelial cancer should be treated in the same way as non-uraemic patients, since aggressive surgical intervention may improve their quality of life and prolong their survival.
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PMID:Uraemia with concomitant urothelial cancer. 826 4

Urinary stones is a frequent disease whose renal complications can engage both functional and vital prognosis. We report 769 complicated cases observed 10 years. The diagnosis was made by intravenous urography and ultrasonography. 607 cases were mechanical complications, 582 hydronephrosis, 25 anuria, 262 were infectious complications, 82 chronic pyelonephritis, 60 pyonephrosis, 10 perinephric abscess. Treatment included adapted antibiotic therapy, ureteral catheter in case of anuria ; surgical extraction of the stone nephrectomy was performed in 100 patients. Results were generally good. 9 patients had endstage chronic renal failure. The high frequency of urinary stone complications is due to the fact that most patients consult late. The diagnosis must obviously be made.
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PMID:[Complications of urinary calculi]. 897 91

The association of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) and systemic amyloidosis is extremely rare. This association has been described in only six cases. We present a 4-year-old male admitted with a history of anuria and abdominal pain. Investigations revealed multiple calculi in both kidneys. A right pyelolithotomy and left nephrectomy were performed. Histological examination demonstrated XPN and amyloidosis. At discharge serum creatinine had dropped to 1.1 mg/dl but after being lost to follow up for 9 years, the child was readmitted because of edema. Laboratory examination revealed a nephrotic syndrome and serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dl. Rectal biopsy showed the presence of amyloid. A treatment by colchicine was unsuccessful. Fifteen months later, at the age of 15 years, the patient developed terminal renal failure (serum creatinine 14 mg/dl).
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PMID:Chronic nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure by amyloidosis secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 949 Dec 90

Side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) most commonly affect the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney. The recent release of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors has been associated with a decrease in adverse gastrointestinal effects. However, the nephrotoxic potential of these drugs still remains controversial. Here, we report the case of a previously healthy woman with reversible acute renal failure associated with eight days of anuria following the administration of valdecoxib, a newly released selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, during an episode of acute febrile pyelonephritis. We suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors should not be used in patients with volume contraction and underlying renal disease.
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PMID:COX-2 inhibitor induced anuric renal failure in a previously healthy young woman. 1578 24

A 58-year-old man was referred to our hospital with high fever and anuria. Since undergoing a total pelvic exenteration due to bladder-invasive sigmoid colon cancer, urinary tract infections had frequently occurred. We treated with the construction of a bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), and chemotherapy. Although we replaced the PCN with a single J ureteral catheter after an improvement of infection, urinary infection recurred because of an obstruction of the catheter. Urological examinations showed that an ileal conduit-ureteral reflux caused by kinking of the ileal loop was the reason why frequent pyelonephritis occurred. We decided to resect the proximal segment to improve conduit-ureteral reflux for the resistant pyelonephritis. After the surgery, the excretory urogram showed improvement and the urinary retention at the ileal conduit disappeared. Three years after the operation, renal function has been stable without episodes of pyelonephritis. Here we report a case of open repair surgery of an ileal conduit in a patient with severe urinary infection.
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PMID:Hemiresective reconstruction of a redundant ileal conduit with severe bilateral ileal conduit-ureteral re fl ux. 1632 88

Acute ureteral obstruction is always associated with high intrapelvic hydrostatic pressure. Objective diagnosis of renal colic can be made by direct measurement of intrapelvic pressure (IPP). We propose a very simple device for estimation of IPP consisting of ureteral catheter and polyethylene tube 150 cm long. The device gives intrapelvic pressure in centimeters of urinary column. The figures obtained corresponded to those in measurement of IPP in cm of water column. In normal 187 examinees IPP ranged from 0.5 to 14.2 cm urinary column. Mean normal IPP in females was higher than in males. In 187 patients with renal colic IPP varied from 55 to 150 cm of urinary column. Mean IPP at the height of renal colic was in females and males 97.4 +/- 3.0 and 89.8 +/- 2.5 cm of urinary column, respectively. Thus, IPP in health and renal colic is higher in females than in males. In bilateral renal colic and colic in solitary kidney catheterization of the ureter is mandatory because of anuria. Ureteral catheterization is also indicated in cases of renal colic combination with attack of acute pyelonephritis. If ureteral catheterization is indicated, IPP pressure should be measured. This is important for diagnosis of both acute ureteral obstruction and pathogenesis of anuria.
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PMID:[Acute ureteral obstruction (renal colic)]. 1685 97

In the Chilandar monastery (Mount Athos, Greece) library, a collection of medical texts written in the Old Serbian Slavonic language was discovered in 1952. Because of its size and comprehensiveness, this manuscript was named the Chilandar Medical Codex. The Collection contains several manuscripts, which according to modern medical terminology, the manuscripts can be classified as texts on Internal Medicine, Infectious diseases, Toxicology, Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Surgery, belonging to different time periods. The oldest part, Text on uroscopy, is considered to have been written in 13th or 14th century and consists of 35 text pages divided into 62 paragraphs. Following the popular uroscopy methodology of macroscopic examination of urine, this text contains detailed descriptions of urine characteristics (color, consistency, sediment, odor), as well as a convincing Hippocratic description of urine formation from the filtration of metabolic and waste materials (involving the four humors) rather than blood and fumes (toxic metabolites) according to the theory of Theophilus Protospatharius and Isaac Israeli. Precise descriptions of normal and pathological urine characteristics are provided. Although kidney anatomy and function is unclear, the urinary bladder is very undoubtedly described as an organ for urine collection. In the Chilandar Medical Codex, there are about one hundred descriptions of kidney and urinary tract diseases and disorders. Many symptoms and syndromes such as hematuria, dysuria, pyuria, renal colic, anuria, polyuria, edema and dropsy, urine retention and fever, are incorporated in the broader clinical pictures of lithiasis of the kidney and/or bladder, pyelonephritis, cystitis, necrotic renal disease indicative of renal tuberculosis and tumors, acute and chronic nephritis, renal failure, and gout. Specific pharmacological prescriptions, mostly simple or compound herbal medicines, are given for each of those renal ailments.
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PMID:Kidney disease in medieval Serbian manuscripts from the Chilandar monastery (Mount Athos, Greece). 1687 11

We made a retrospective (290) and a prospective (131) analysis of the evidence obtained on 421 patients with nephrostomic drainage (251) and an ureteral stent (170) treated for urolithiasis in the urological department of the Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute from 1995 to 2008. Assessment of clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients with nephrostomic drainage and an ureteral stent allowed the following conclusions: puncture nephrostomy (p < 0.05) for upper urinary tract drainage is preferable in a solitary functioning kidney, acute obstructive pyelonephritis, anuria, hyperthermia 380 and higher, marked supravesical urodynamic disorder, renal failure, plasmic creatinine level over 200 mcmol/l, azotemia over 10 mmol/l, blood potassium over 5.0 mmol/l, uric acid over 380 mcmol/l and leukocytosis over 8.0 x 10(9)/l. In the other cases a drainage method can be chosen by a physician. Cephalosporines, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in standard doses are recommended in active inflammation when antibioticograms are not obtained yet. Significant differences are seen in drainage with nephrostoma and ureteral stent. Recommendations on nephrostomic drain and ureteral stent installation depending on clinical and laboratory findings are presented.
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PMID:[Choice of an upper urinary tract drainage method in urolithiasis]. 2073 13

Retro- and prospective analyses of 802 case histories of patients with nephrostomic drainage (n=272), ureteral catheter (n=27) and ureteral stent (n=503) treated for urolithiasis in the urological department of M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Region Research Clinical Institute and Zhukovsky city hospital hospitalized in 1995 to 2009 made it possible to develop algorithms of choice of upper urinary tract drainage depending on clinical and laboratory indices. Nephrostomic drainage is preferable in a single functioning kidney, acute obstructive pyelonephritis, anuria, hyperthermia above 38 degrees C, marked supravesical urodynamic disorder, in renal failure, serum creatinine over 200 mcmol/l, urea over 10 mmol/l, blood potassium over 5 mmol/l, uric acid over 380 mcmol/l and leukocytosis over 8 x 10(9) l. Draining with ureteral stent was used primarily in elective surgery--extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and transurethral operations. Stenting was better tolerated and entailed less frequent complications. In the rest cases choice of drain method should be made by the urologist. In active inflammation, before getting antibioticogram, the drain should be followed by antibiotic treatment with fluoroquinolones, cephalosporines of the third or forth generation, aminoglycosides, carbapenems in standard doses.
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PMID:[Choice of urinary tract drainage in different age groups of patients with urolithiasis]. 2181 67


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