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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The behaviour of serum and urinary lysozyme was investigated before and after renal transplantation in 20 patients. The mean postoperative observation time was 67.8 (10 to 212) days. In 11 patients with reversible olig-anuria due to prolonged preoperative ischaemia, lysozymuria lasted for a period of 17 days after surgery, whereas in 8 patients with immediate transplant function lysozymuria disappeared 7 days after transplantation. Serum lysozyme concentrations were markedly elevated before transplantation in all patients. In patients with transplant failure due to ischaemia, normalization of serum lysozyme levels was achieved 28 days after surgery; patients with immediate function showed normal serum lysozyme levels already 7 days after transplantation. Prolonged lysozymuria was also noticed in 2 cases with irreversible ischaemic transplant failure, in 1 case with recurrence of glomerulonephritis and in 1 further case with acute pyelonephritis in the transplant. In 7 cases with an acute renal rejection crisis, lysozymuria was evident 0.7 days before clinical diagnosis of rejection. Serum lysozyme levels showed a strong correlation with serum correlation with serum creatinine concentrations. Therefore, lysozymuria in renal transplant patients indicates tubular transplant damage of varied aetiology. Elevated serum lysozyme levels, on the other hand, seem to reflect a reduced glomerular filtration rate.
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PMID:[Behaviour of serum and urinary lysozyme after renal transplantation (author's transl)]. 32 38

Mechanical anuria developed in a neonate during a period of intensive care following birth trauma. The obstruction of the urinary tract was due to yeast clumps from a candida pyelonephritis. Urine flow was reestablished after a unilateral nephrostomy and antimycotic therapy. There were no anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract.
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PMID:[Obstructive anuria due to renal candidiasis in a newborn male (author's transl)]. 70 13

The analysis of observations on 36 patients is presented. Anuria complicated by acute pyelonephritis is considered as an acute surgical pathology requiring emergency operative intervention. The suggested tactics for complex examination and treatment of the patients contributed to decrease in the postoperative lethality down to 5.9%.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in anuria caused by urolithiasis]. 208 89

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues. Two cases of this disease are presented. They were the 16th and 17th case reported in Japan. Case 1 was a 63-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. She was hospitalized for abdominal pain and anuria. Renal X-rays showed a gas shadow in and around the left kidney, but no evidence of upper urinary tract obstruction. Although hemodialysis was done, she died of heart failure. Case 2 was a 54-year-old man with diabetes mellitus was admitted with the complaint of fever and left abdominal pain. Renal X-rays showed a gas shadow in and around the left kidney but no evidence of upper urinary tract obstruction. He was treated with intensive antibiotic therapy, control of blood sugar, intravenous drips and percutaneous drainage. Clinical features improved, but deteriorated after 40 days of therapy. The gas shadow remained unchanged on CT scanning, and aortography showed the occlusion of the left renal artery. Nephrectomy was done after 50 days. Seventeen cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in the literature including our cases are reviewed, especially the choice of the treatment is discussed.
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PMID:[Two cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis--considerations on the choice of treatment]. 359 89

The problems and interactions of urolithiasis and monorenality are presented in a survey covering four essential parameters: --Urolithiasis as an indication for nephrectomy: One nephrectomy in four is performed because of urolithiasis. This rate of nephrectomy has not changed in the last 50 years. --Recidive urolithiasis in the residual kidney: Around 37% of all monorenal persons have a diseased single or residual kidney. On average one in four cases of residual kidney disease is caused by urolithiasis. This recidive calculus quota has also not significantly changed in recent decades. --Lethality of operations on the residual kidney: Urolithiasis is becoming almost the only indication for operating on a residual kidney; due to postrenal anuria, uraemia and urosepsis a large percentage of such operations are emergency operations under extremely unfavourable initial conditions. Despite the use of modern methods of medical treatment the lethality rate is for this reason still relatively high (7-15%). --Life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis: The life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis is clearly limited due to further complications (chronic pyelonephritis, hypertonia, urinary stasis and uraemia). It is therefore absolutely necessary for monorenal persons with urolithiasis to have intensive observation and urological treatment.
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PMID:[Urinary calculi and the single kidney]. 663 73

Percutaneous nephrostomy can provide rapid relief of renal failure due to ureteral obstruction by contiguous spread of cervical malignancy. A series of 26 percutaneous nephrostomies placed in 14 patients with cervical cancer, using only local anesthesia and ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance is presented. Twelve patients experienced no complications, one developed pyelonephritis which cleared rapidly with antibiotics, and one suffered a hematoma managed by surgical nephrostomy. Three of six previously untreated patients and one of eight patients with recurrent disease survived over a year. A single exenterated patient was stented when anuria developed after surgery to correct a conduit leak. This patient survives at 1.5 years with no evidence of recurrence. Indications for percutaneous nephrostomy, anticipated benefits, and the decision-making process involved in determining who to stent is reviewed.
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PMID:The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in gynecologic oncology. 665 81

The diagnostic work-up of the urologic patient must be tailored to the presenting symptom complex, carefully selecting from the many modilities available, those most likely to establish the diagnosis and extent of the suspected lesions. Intravenous urography is the most rewarding initial procedure for many presenting symptoms, including suspected masses, pyuria, hematuria, and flank pain. Nuclear imaging is particularly effective in differentiating renal lobulations from true masses, in demonstrating parenchymal scarring in chronic pyelonephritis when the IVP is equivocal, and in assessing the decrease in perfusion and function in obstructive nephropathy when the IVP is indeterminate. It is the preferred procedure for acute renal infarction and acute tubular necrosis and has a greater sensitivity of detection for renal trauma than the IVP. Gallium-67 renal imaging appear helpful in the detection of occult pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis. However, it cannot differentiate focal acute pyelonephritis from abscess or abscess from neoplasm. Ultrasoneography is the initial procedure of choice in the differentiation of cystic from solid renal masses and in anuria or oliguria. When a kidney fails to visualize by IVP or nuclear imaging, it can confirm or rule out obstruction. In upper tract infections, it may demonstrate renal or perirenal abscess. Although retrograde pyelography is performed less frequently in recent years, it remains extremely useful in confirming and relieving obstructive uropathy and in delineating tumors of the collecting system. Computed tomography effectively demonstrates hydronephrosis, renal abscess, tumors, and cysts and retroperitoneal involvement. More experience is needed to judge the efficiency of "dynamic" CT for the quantification of renal function. Renal angiography remains invaluable as a secondary procedure (as opposed to initial screening) in renal trauma, vascular anomalies, and in renal tumors to delineate the anatomy of the arterial supply and possible renal vein involvement.
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PMID:Medical imaging of renal diseases-suggested indication for different modalities. 724 59

An extravesical antireflux technique was performed in 300 consecutive patients who presented primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The following results are reported: Elimination of VUR in 99% of the cases without complications. Early complications reported include: urinary retention, suppurative pyelonephritis and fistulae. Urinary retention occurred in 2 patients presenting other congenital abnormalities. Vesicocutaneous fistulae occurred in 2 patients due to obstruction of the catheter for vesical drainage; they closed spontaneously under adequate drainage of the bladder. Suppurative pyelonephritis and/or anuria occurred in 6 patients due to transitory obstruction due to edema of the new vesicoureteral junction and were treated with bilateral nephrostomy and progressed with good results after withdrawal of the nephrostomies. Late complications included: persistence of VUR in 8 patients due to two types of technical failure, too short a tunnel and dehiscence of the muscular suture; obstruction of the new vesicoureteral junction in five ureters due to three causes, excessive dissection of the ureters, mucosal stenosis and stenosis of the new hiatus; contralateral reflux in 6 patients due to nonsystematical performance of endoscopic examination of the ureteral meatus preoperatively in the first series of 100 consecutive cases. On the basis of the results achieved, the authors give specific suggestions that allow the technical prevention of the small number of complications that may occur using the extravesical antireflux technique in the treatment of VUR.
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PMID:Treatment and prevention of complications after extravesical antireflux technique. 725 Jan 59

We present a pregnant patient with a transplanted kidney experiencing chronic rejection, with chronic kidney failure and arterial hypertension. During the third trimester the patient's kidney function deteriorated somewhat and hypertension worsened. In the thirty-second week of pregnancy uterine activity increased, fetal movement decreased and oliguria progressed rapidly to anuria, leading to an emergency cesarean section. Surgery was performed under epidural anesthesia; after removal of the fetus diuresis immediately began and was maintained. Both mother and infant recovered, but after three months the patient entered a hemodialysis program due to terminal kidney failure. The risk of acute kidney failure is greater in the parturient who has been the recipient of a transplanted kidney because of the functional overload that pregnancy involves, the possible exacerbation of acute or chronic rejection, and the higher incidence of pyelonephritis and preeclampsia. The extraperitoneal location of the transplanted organ in the iliac fossa may cause obstructive anuria. Our patient's recovery of diuresis immediately after removal of the fetus suggests that the excretory channel coming from the kidney was compressed by the uterus.
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PMID:[Anuria in the third trimester of pregnancy in a patient with renal transplant]. 778 90

Spontaneous urinary calculus was observed in only 27% of female LEW rats among nine inbred strains maintained in the Institute for Animal Experimentation. The condition occurred between 3 and 9 weeks of age with loss of weight, enlargement of the os urethral externum, anuria and general marasmus. All of the affected rats died from anuria 3 to 4 days after the onset. The affected rats had one to ten infected stones or many fine crystals of sand, which consisted of magnesium ammonium phosphate, in the urinary bladder and/or urethra. Analysis of microorganisms revealed that Corynebacterium renale, known as a causative agent of bovine pyelonephritis, was the most probable candidate for producing infection stones. This is the first report that the rat is spontaneously infected with C. renale. This could be a useful animal model for human urinary calculus and also for C. renale infection in the field of veterinary science.
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PMID:Spontaneous urinary calculus in young LEW rats caused by Corynebacterium renale. 805 21


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