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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perinephric abscess is a rare condition; it may be acute, but can take a chronic and atypical course as a result of incomplete treatment with antibiotics. In this case the diagnosis is often delayed. The most common cause is primary renal disease, with perforating ureteric stones, abscess-forming pyelonephritis, renal carbuncle and pyonephrosis as the most important factors. Diagnosis depends on a varying combination of clinical signs, any of which is not necessarily present and which is not pathognomic, but nevertheless, in their totality, are fairly typical. Characteristic are pain on percussion and pressure, resistance in the renal angle and fever. Laboratory investigations do not contribute to the diagnosis. These only show findings typical of any infection, and frequently a marked anaemia. An infected urine may be suggestive. The traditional clinical and radiological methods may well indicate a space-occupying lesion, but its further elucidation depends on angiography. Renal and perinephric abscesses must be distinguished from other space-occupying renal lesions. Abscesses can usually be distinguished from cysts because they are generally less clearly demarkated and often show a hypervascular margin with a "blush". A further differential diagnosis of perinephic abscess is a peri-renal haematoma. Radiologically, an haematoma also produces a perirenal mass with displacement and compression of the kidney. As with perinephric abscesses, the angiogram shows dilatation and displacement of the capsular arteries. Differences in the neovascularity, as well as in the clinical symptoms, permit differentiation between abscesses and hypovascular carcinomas in most cases, or at least suggest the probable diagnosis.
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PMID:[A urologic-radiological view of perinephric abscesses (author's transl)]. 13 65

Complications are the major causes of illness and death after burning and most of them stem from the burn wound. Their origin and importance are reviewed with emphasis on problems and growing points in knowledge. Fluid leakage from the circulation into the burn is the cause of hypovolemic shock, but the underlying permeability changes in the burn are only partly understood. Other nonbacterial complications include acute cardiac failure, acute anemia, hemolytic jaundice, renal failure, encephalopathy, complex hypermetabolic effects including pseudodiabetes, gastric and duodenal ulceration, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pulmonary and glomerular microthrombosis, hepatic jaundice, and arterial thrombosis. Involvement of the airway in conflagrations carries special hazards like glottic edema and inhalation of irritant fumes. Nowadays, bacterial causes are dominant and these remain the main challenge. Bacterial infection and invasion of the burn are usually responsible for septicemia, bronchopneumonia, and pyelonephritis although other sources also contribute. Indirect manifestations of septicemia include paralytic ileus, acute gastric dilatation, toxic myocarditis, and some cases of renal failure. Therapeutic complications like agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and colitis occur at times. High concentrations of oxygen given therapeutically can produce fatal aseptic hypoxic pneumonitis.
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PMID:A review of the complications of burns, their origin and importance for illness and death. 44 73

Manifestations of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 26 patients closely mimicked those of neoplastic and other inflammatory renal parenchymal diseases. Middle-aged or older women were affected most often. Most patients presented with anemia, chronic febrile illness, a painful tender flank mass and recurrent urosepsis. Some features of nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction were present in 13 patients. Bacterial cultures of renal tissue were almost always positive but the spectrum differed considerably from that of the bladder urine. Urographically, a renal mass lesion was encountered in 62% of the patients, nephrolithiasis in 38% and a functionless kidney in 27%. Angiographically, none of the 4 mass lesions studied was distinguished from hypernephroma. Indeed, a correct preoperative diagnosis was made in only 1 instance. There were 3 stages of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis recognized. Treatment consisted of nephrectomy for diffuse or advanced stage disease or both (21 patients), excision of the diseased renal segment for localized and low stage disease (2 patients) and renal biopsy (3 patients). Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis did not recur but in some patients bacteriuria continued or hypertension developed.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a critical analysis of 26 cases and of the literature. 66 Jul 25

PC-904 was administered to 16 pediatric patients and the following basic and clinical results were obtained. (1) PC-904 was administered 20 approximately 30 mg/kg. The serum peak level of PC-904 after drip intravenous infusion over 1 hour was 66.7 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 67.8 minutes. PC-904 was administered 25 approximately 30 mg/kg intravenous one shot injection was 49.4 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 52.2 minutes. (2) Urinary excretion rate was about 20% up to 6 hours after drip intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg. In a case of intravenous one shot injection of 25 approximately 30 mg/kg, the excretion rate was 11.9 approximately 19.9%. (3) PC-904 was administered 60 approximately 120 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 48 days to 5 cases of sepsis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of pneumonia, 2 of sss syndrome (staphylococcal scald skin syndrome) and 3 of pyelonephritis. Clinical effects were excellent in 11 cases and good in 5 cases, effective ratio being 100%. (4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Acinetobacter anitratus and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904, and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced. (5) As to the side effect by PC-904, s-GOT and s-GPT were elevated in 2 cases. Anemia, rash and fever were observed in each 1 case out of 16 patients though the causal relation with the agent was unknown.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on new semisynthetic penicillin, PC-904, in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 65

In patients with stone pyelonephritis the behaviour of the renal function under the influence of chemotherapy was examined at the stage of the compensated retention. 24 cures carried out on clinical conditions on 10 patients with an average age of 52 years (14--71) were evaluated. By means of chemotherapy in connection with the treatment of anaemia and the compensation of acidosis the renal function could favourably be influenced and the terminal stage of the renal insufficiency could be shifted. The author adopts a definite attitude to the long-term prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Effect of chemotherapy on kidney function in pyelonephritis due to calculi with kidney insufficiency]. 71 43

Studies were carried out on the etiology, clinical picture, morphologic changes, and methods of prophylaxis of the cystopyelitis in hybrid pigs. It was established that in the cases studied the etiologic part is most probably played by Escherichia coli having pronounced virulence for albino mice. Clinically the disease was manifested with hematuria--the cardinal diagnostic symptom; histologically there were nephritis, pyelonephritis, and strong edemas on the wall of the bladder. When hematuria appeared the affected pigs died (at the rate of 100 per cent) as a result of acute anemia. Prophylactic measures have been especially successful with the use of streptomycin to which the isolated coli strains proved sensitive.
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PMID:[Studies of the etiology of cystopyelitis in hybrid swine]. 79 63

The clinical and radiological features of pyonephrosis are reviewed, based on a consecutive series of 40 cases. There were 32 female and eight male patients, with a peak incidence in the 50-59 year age group. In 63% of cases the right kidney was involved. Almost all patients complained of loin pain and 48% had lower urinary tract symptoms. In 58% of cases a renal mass was palpable. An anaemia, pyuria and elevated blood sedimentation rate were usual. Plain films of the abdomen revealed enlargement of the outline of the involved kidney in 75%, ipsilateral absence of the psoas shadow in 63% and urinary tract calculi in 60%. At high-dose excretion urography a nephrogram was obtained in 58% of cases and a pyelogram produced in 34%. No single clinical or radiological entity emerged, there being an unbroken spectrum of disease ranging from infected hydronephrosis to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is an increasing incidence of calculi, loss of the renal and psoas outlines and reduced renal function with increasing chronicity of disease. High-dose excretion urography is the investigation of choice since not only may the diagnosis be established but also there precise pathological state of the involved kidney. Further radiological investigation is infrequently required.
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PMID:Pyonephrosis. 100 Aug 95

The results from the study of the anemia syndrome in 1100 patients are reported (881 with chronic pyelonephritis, 147 with chronic glomerulonephritis and 72 with endemic nephropathy). Out of them 663 were with preserved renal function, 160 - with compensated and 274 - with decompensated nitrogen retention. Anemia was found in 98.7 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy, in 59.2 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and in 56.8 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Anemia precedes the manifestations of renal insufficiency in endemic nephropathy. In 36 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy it is severe or very severe. Light anemia was found in 44,6 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis and in those with preserved renal function. Only in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis the values of serum iron are under the normal. The administration of iron preparations in those patients is with good results. In the stage of decompensated renal insufficeincy effect was obtained by often blood transfusions.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of the anemic syndrome in chronic renal diseases]. 100 39

In order to study the complications and therapeutic outcome of twin pregnancies, a retrospective survey was carried out in the University Central Hospital of Oulu. Twin deliveries during 1965-1973 numbered altogether 335, and their relative frequency was 1.7 %. The deliveries took place in the 37.2th gestational week on an average. The mean weights of the infants were 2590 g (A) and 2562 g (B). Perinatal mortality in the total series was 9.3 % (A 9.0 % and B 9.6 %). Pregnancy terminated before the 37th week in 29.2% of the cases. Perinatal mortality in this group was 27.0 %, while the corresponding value in the full-term group was 1.7 %. The perinatal mortality of primigravidas (14.1 %) was about twofold compared with that of the multiparas (7.2 %). Twin pregnancies were complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum, pre-eclampsia, anaemia, pyelonephritis and hepatosis more often than were the single pregnancies. The complications which contributed towards an increase of perinatal mortality included uterine bleeding in early and late pregnancy, hydramnion and superimposed pre-eclampsia. The complications generally associated with twin pregnancies and the increased perinatal mortality involved require that mothers with twin pregnancy, particularly primigravidas, should be subjected to intensified follow-up and treatment.
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PMID:Twin pregnancy. A clinical study of 335 cases. 106 Mar 60

Urinary tract infections in pregnant women develop owing to the short urethra in women, mechanical pressure of the uterus onto atonic urethra during pregnancy, atony of the urinary bladder caused by the level of progesterone, iatrogenic factors (catheterization), some metabolic disorders, anemia, obstipation etc. These are frequent reasons why pregnant women over the pregnancy period develop infections of urinary tract, where a significant number of them have bacteriuria showing no symptoms of acute infection whatsoever. The research covered unselectively 4,850 urine samples of pregnant women. The results obtained by classical methods--taking urinoculture and doing antibiogramme--have shown that in this sample there is a large number of asymptomatic bacteria (13%), which is complicated by an increased incidence of pyelonephritis gestoses in the second half of the pregnancy. In our sample, the commonest cause of urinary infections has been E. Coli, then the second trimester of risk gestation period; the risk group with regard to parity are primiparas, while the risk age is between 20 and 29.
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PMID:[Urinary infections during pregnancy and methods of prevention]. 136 37


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