Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations were undertaken, using the mouse as an animal model, to study the effect of Escherichia coli on fetal development. The i.v. injection of 7.5 X 10(6) bacteria, originally obtained from a suspected case of human pyelonephritis, caused only a mild and transient disturbance of maternal health but caused severe fetal wastage. Groups of mice were examined 4, 7 and 11 days after infection and the numbers of organisms were determined in the spleen, liver, kidneys, placentas and resorptions. From the findings obtained, it was concluded that the Esch. coli grew preferentially in the placentas. By the 7th day the placentas showed marked degenerative and necrotic changes and the bacteria could be recovered from the majority of fetuses at this time. Histologically, no significant changes were seen in the spleen, liver and kidneys. As a result of these findings in an animal model, and taking into consideration the observations of other workers, it is suggested that coliform bacteraemia in human pregnancies may also cause infections of the placenta and bring about abortion or premature delivery.
 ...
PMID:Escherichia coli infection in mice and impaired fetal development. 35 80

The literature contains very little data on IUD use by women with kidney disorders. (What information there is is considered controversial.) This study of 50 healthy women and 50 women with chronic pyelonephritis, aged 19-39 years, examined the acceptability of IUDs for women with kidney diseases. For both groups, a comparative study was conducted on the effectiveness, side effects, and comlications of inert (Lippes loop) and copper-containing IUDs. An IUD was inserted on the 4th-6th day of the menstrual cycle following a thorough clinical examination. After insertion, the women were monitored on an outpatient basis. 2 women using IUDs became pregnant; both pregnancies were terminated by abortion with no complications in the postoperative period. The Pearl index was used to assess the complications of using IUDs for 12 months. The study covered 1020 menstrual cycles in women with chronic pyelonephritis. Results did not reveal any adverse effects of IUDs on the general health conditions and renal function of the women studied. It is concluded that IUDs are acceptable for women with chronic pyelonephritis.
 ...
PMID:[Experience in using intrauterine contraceptive devices by women with chronic pyelonephritis]. 293 40

Acute renal failure is a most challenging clinical problem when it occurs in pregnancy. It requires an understanding of the normal physiology of the kidney in pregnancy and the natural history of different underlying renal diseases when pregnancy occurs. Because patients with chronic renal disease may present with worsening proteinuria, hypertension, and renal function, these disorders must be excluded from those conditions that cause acute deterioration of renal failure in otherwise normal women during pregnancy. As in all patients who develop acute renal failure, prerenal and obstructive causes must be excluded. Particularly important causes of prerenal azotemia in pregnancy include hyperemesis gravidarum and uterine hemorrhage, especially if it is unsuspected as in abruptio placentae. Infectious causes of acute renal failure in the pregnant woman include acute pyelonephritis and septic abortion. The clinical presentation of both these conditions should be apparent, and appropriate diagnosis and treatment can then be promptly instituted. Renal cortical necrosis is another cause of renal failure that occurs more frequently in pregnancy, and it must be differentiated from the many causes of acute tubular necrosis that may be associated with pregnancy. Those conditions that cause renal failure unique to pregnancy must always be considered when renal function deteriorates in the last trimester or the postpartum period. Severe preeclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and idiopathic postpartum acute renal failure may all present similar complications, but the approach to each of these clinical disorders must be individualized. By understanding the causes of renal functional deterioration in pregnancy, a logical differential diagnosis can be established, allowing appropriate therapeutic decisions to preserve both maternal and fetal well-being.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal failure in pregnancy. 305 11

Case report on a patient with an extensive dilatation of renal pelvis and ureter during the first and the following two pregnancies. Operative drainage was performed of renal pelvis on both sides in the 24th and 28th week of the first pregnancy. The second pregnancy ended with spontaneous abortion in the 27th week of pregnancy. Percutaneous punction nephrostomy with successful course of the third pregnancy. Drainage of renal pelvis by punction nephrostomy is indicated in case of co-existence between dilatation of renal pelvis and severe illness and destruction renal parenchyma and of septic pyelonephritis in pregnancy. This procedure should also be done in case of a solitary kidney and excessive dilatation of the renal pelvis. An operative approach is recommended in renal abscess.
 ...
PMID:[Recurrent excessive dilatation of the efferent urinary tract in pregnancy. Case report]. 322 24

Conflicting opinions exist concerning the use of various birth control methods for women suffering from kidney diseases. Some researchers think kidney diseases are a contraindication for the use of IUD; since IUDs may cause inflammatory processes; others think that preventive therapy of extragenital diseases may make the use of IUD possible. The article studies the functional condition of the urinary system and various hormone levels (renin, aldosterone, vasopressin, cortisol) in women using an IUD. The selections of hormones was based on their role in regulating the water-salt exchange before disturbed in pathologic kidney patients. 43 women aged 19-30 were monitored before insertion and 6 months after insertion of an IUD. 20 women suffered from chronic pyelonephritis, 13 from a latent form of chronic glomerulonephritis; the control group consisted of 10 healthy women. All had previously borne children or had an induced abortion. Besides radioisotopic and radio-immunologic testing, such clinical indicators as bilirubin concentration, cholesterol, and urea in the blood, were determined. Some dependencies were found: for chronic pyelonephritis a positive correlation between the concentration of vasopressin and aldosterone, vasopressin and cortisol, and cortisol and the amount of leukocytes; for chronic glomerulonephritis, a positive correlation between aldosterone concentration and arterial pressure, cortisone level and amount of protein in the urine and concentration of vasopressin and amount of erythrocytes in the urine. The reaction of the kidneys to IUD-induced aseptic inflammatory processes in the uterus is more pronounced for healthy women and women suffering form chronic pyelonephritis, than for women with latent chronic glomerulonephritis, as demonstrated in the test by a reduction in cortisol concentration. The minor changes of the renal functions noticed in healthy and, to a somewhat larger degree, in women from chronic pyelonephritis do not constitute a contraindication for IUD usage and, for latent forms of chronic glomerulonephritis, the IUD is preferred. The functional condition of the kidneys of women suffering from chronic pyelonephritis who use an IUD should be tested by using dynamic scintigraphy.
 ...
PMID:[Function of the kidneys and the renin-aldosterone system in women before and after use of intrauterine contraceptive devices]. 332 76

Acute renal failure has become a very rare complication of pregnancy. This results from the virtual disappearance of septic abortion ARF and from the improvement of prenatal care, including the prevention of volume contraction which is mainly due to uterine haemorrhage, early diagnosis, and treatment of other classic maternal complications such as pre-eclampsia and acute pyelonephritis. The incidence of BRCN has also been declining during the last decade. Acute fatty liver, a potentially fatal disease, is often complicated by ARF. Early recognition of this disorder with prompt termination of pregnancy and intensive supportive therapy can reduce fetal and maternal mortality rate. The syndrome of idiopathic postpartum renal failure is also associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Beyond supportive treatment including haemo- or peritoneal dialysis, the use of potent antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure and blood transfusion if necessary, specific therapy as plasma infusion, plasma exchange and antiplatelet drugs may be of value. Both peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis may be used in gravidas with ARF. Early 'prophylactic' dialysis should be applied to pregnant women. Careful monitoring of fluid balance and anticoagulation is necessary during dialysis.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal failure in pregnancy. 333 Apr 90

The pathophysiology, clinical aspects, medical, and surgical management of endotoxin shock are reviewed. In the primate, the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock is contributed to by selective vasopasm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and reduced myocardial response to sympathetic stimuli. Studies in the baboon measured various parameters of hemodynamics and coagulation, catecholamines, and some biochemical changes following the injection of a single bolus of endotoxin. Hemodynamic studies pointed to the kidney as a primary target organ. Coagulation changes included alterations in factor XII and XIII (and others) and plasminogen. Deposition of fibrin was also noted. Neurohormonal studies using tritiated norepinephrine showed a sharp rise in catecholamines 3 minutes after injection of endotoxin followed by a return to normal within 120 minutes, confirming the role of vasopasm in reducing renal perfusion early in shock. Prevention of septic shock is the best way to eradicate the extremely high reported mortality rates; infected abortion, chorioamnionitis, and pyelonephritis should all be warning signals. Methods of monitoring the patient in septic shock with special attention to blood pressure, central venous pressure, blood volume changes, and urinary output are discussed. Early surgical intervention and the proper use of vasomotor drugs and corticosteroids enhance patient survival.
 ...
PMID:Septic shock (endotoxic shock). 419 24

149 patients who had suffered acute renal failure during septic abortion were studied. The major cause of renal failure was bacterial shock (85.2%). Combating shock, stimulating diuresis, blood transfusions, and early cleansing of the uterine cavity are thought to be of major significance in the prophylaxis and treatment of this disease. Direct blood transfusion and extrarenal depuration of blood (peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis) was included in the oligoanuria stage. 69.1% of the patients recovered, 39.1% died. Follow-up studies in 79 patients revealed the renal failure was later complicated by chronic pyelonephritis.
 ...
PMID:[Acute renal insufficiency in septic abortion]. 478 78

When a woman with chronic renal disease wishes to become pregnant, the risk to the mother and the foetus is often inaccurately evaluated or exaggerated. In patients with primary nephropathy the foetal risk is significantly increased by the arterial hypertension frequently associated with renal insufficiency. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with renal involvement, the risk represented by hypertension is compounded by a high incidence of spontaneous abortion, particularly when the disease is progressive. Pregnancy seems to have little influence on SLE itself, and the classical post-partum problems are controversial. Much more dangerous are acute complications, such as cortical necrosis or haemolytic and uraemic syndromes occurring in apparently healthy women during the last trimester of pregnancy and after delivery. Urinary infections are common during pregnancy. They are heralded by asymptomatic bacteriuria which should be systematically detected, since these infections increase the likelihood of pyelonephritis with in turn increases the severity of perinatal complications.
 ...
PMID:[Kidneys; hypertension and pregnancy. III. The renal risk in pregnancy]. 704 54

Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas), Mycoplasma hominis, M. fermentans, M. primatum, M. Salivarium and M. pneumoniae have been isolated from the genitourinary tract. The first two of these microorganisms are found most frequently. M. hominis is a cause of some cases of postpartum and postabortal fever, acute pyelonephritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Ureaplasmas have been associated with chorioamnionitis, habitual spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, the urethral syndrome in women, and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men; but the difficulty of proving an etiological relationship is emphasized. However, in NGU there is accumulating evidence to indicate that ureaplasmas cause some cases. Some patients suffering from NGU, from whom ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas and chlamydiae cannot be isolated, respond to tetracycline therapy. This has suggested that a tetracycline-sensitive microorganism might be responsible. In this context, the isolation of a glucose-metabolizing mycoplasma from the genitourinary tracts of 2 of 13 men with NGU is of interest. This mycoplasma, serologically different from all other tested, has the structural and biological features of a pathogenic organism.
 ...
PMID:Urogenital mycoplasma infections of man: a review with observations on a recently discovered mycoplasma. 728 95


1 2 3 Next >>